ABSTRACT
Translation termination is a finishing step of protein biosynthesis. The significant role in this process belongs not only to protein factors of translation termination but also to the nearest nucleotide environment of stop codons. There are numerous descriptions of stop codons readthrough, which is due to specific nucleotide sequences behind them. However, represented data are segmental and don't explain the mechanism of the nucleotide context influence on translation termination. It is well known that stop codon UAA usage is preferential for A/T-rich genes, and UAG, UGA-for G/C-rich genes, which is related to an expression level of these genes. We investigated the connection between a frequency of nucleotides occurrence in 3' area of stop codons in the human genome and their influence on translation termination efficiency. We found that 3' context motif, which is cognate to the sequence of a stop codon, stimulates translation termination. At the same time, the nucleotide composition of 3' sequence that differs from stop codon, decreases translation termination efficiency.
Subject(s)
Codon, Terminator/genetics , Protein Biosynthesis , Base Composition , Genome, Human , Humans , Peptide Chain Termination, Translational/genetics , Peptide Termination Factors/geneticsABSTRACT
The work deals with the determination of the heterogeneity of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, localized in different tissues, in their interaction with Y. pestis. The macrophage populations under study have been found to be heterogeneous in their phagocytic activity with respect to Y. pestis. The digestive activity of alveolar macrophages is considerably lower than that of macrophages localized in other tissues. Macrophages obtained from different tissue are heterogeneous also in the intensity of changes in oxygen-dependent metabolic processes during their contacts with Y. pestis. Alveolar macrophages are less active in this respect than peritoneal ones. Alveolar macrophages under study have been shown to have their own characteristic features; for this reason, the data obtained in the study of one of these populations should not be extrapolated to other populations.
Subject(s)
Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Phagocytes/immunology , Yersinia pestis/immunology , Animals , Cell Separation , Guinea Pigs , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Luminescent Measurements , Luminol/pharmacology , Lysosomes/drug effects , Lysosomes/immunology , Lysosomes/metabolism , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Macrophages/metabolism , Phagocytes/drug effects , Phagocytes/metabolism , Phagocytosis/immunology , Yersinia pestis/pathogenicityABSTRACT
A phenol fraction, capable of adsorbing cross-reacting antibodies from Y. enterocolitica O9 antiserum without affecting its serological activity against specific antigens, has been obtained from a Brucella strain. The physicochemical and antigenic characteristics of the preparation are presented. It is recommended that the proposed method be tested in differentiation of intestinal yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica O9 from Brucella infection. This work has resulted in obtaining highly specific antiserum to Y. enterocolitica, serovar O9.
