[Treatment approaches for bronchopulmonary infection in myasthenia gravis patients].

Nineteen patients with bronchopulmonary infection and myasthenia gravis were enrolled in the study. The microbiological analysis of the specimens of phlegm and bronchial secretion revealed both grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. All the isolates were susceptible to the antibiotic used (cefoperazone/sulbactam). Intravenous immunoglobulins (IvIgs) were used to increase the treatment efficacy, to opsonize the infection foci and to decrease the hospitalization terms. The antibiotic therapy and simultaneous use of intravenous immunoglobulins provided higher clinical efficacy in 16 out of 19 patients (84.2%).

[Prospects of Levofloxacin Use in Therapy of Patients with Bronchopulmonary Diseases or Skin and Soft Tissue Pyo-Inflammatory Lesions].

The results of the clinico-microbiological investigation of the levofloxacin efficacy in the treatment of 38 patients with respiratory infections or various pyo-inflammatory lesions are presented. The positive results were stated in 29 (76.3%) patients. No adverse reactions were observed.

[Therapy of urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Clinical and microbiological efficacy of Cifran OD (Ranbaxy, India), a formulation with prolonged action and extended release of ciprofloxacin was studied in 22 patients with bacteriuria and lingering diabetes mellitus. Ciprofloxacin was used in doses of 500 or 1000 mg orally once a day depending on the severity of the disease singns for 2-3 weeks as etiotropic therapy and only in 2 cases with severe pyelonephritis it was used intravenously drop-wise and orally simultaneously. Twenty eight microbial strains isolated from urea of the patients were tested. The main species of the isolates belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Twenty five isolates (89.3%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 3 isolates (10.7%) were resistant. The clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin was 90.9%.

[Therapy of bronchopulmonary infection in smokers]. / Terapiia bronkholegochnykh infektsii u kuril'shchikov.

The efficacy and safety of Cifran OD, a new dosage form of ciprofloxacin with prolonged action were studied in the treatment of patients with bronchopulmonary infection (n=23). The drug was used orally in a dose of 1 g once a day. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included patients with aggravation of chronic bronchitis and group 2 included patients with bacterial pneumonia. The recovery was stated in 77.7% of the patients in group 1, the other 26.3% of the patients showed clinical improvement. In the patients with pneumonia (group 2) the recovery was recorded in 100% of the cases. No significant side effects were observed.

[Current possibilities and perspectives of the combined treatment of patients with severe bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti i perspektivy kompleksnogo lecheniia bol'nykh s tiazhelymi bronkholegochnymi zabolevaniiami.

Complex treatment with ceftriaxone (or ceftazidime) and intravenous immunoglobulin G (Biaven V. I.) was performed at 21 patients with severe pneumonia and tracheobronchitis complicated by immunedeficient status (myasthenia, diabetes mellitus etc). The results of the treatment proves strong tendency to normalization of the immune system (ceruloplasmin level, CIC, catalase, immunoglobulins) along with clinical signs regression.

[Clinico-laboratory assessment of oframax (cefriaxone) in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory diseases]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka oframaksa (tseftriaksona) v lechenii infektsionno-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii.

AIM: To try efficacy and safety of ophramax (cephtriaxon) made in India ("Ranbaxy") in infectious-inflammatory diseases treated in a general hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ophramax was given in a dose 1 to 4 g/day to 23 patients with pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, soft tissue infection, enterocolitis, etc. Therapeutic effect was examined with bacteriological identification of the infective agents, antibioticograms, agar diffusion test. RESULTS: High sensitivity of pathogens to ophramax was observed in bronchopulmonary diseases (90.7%). In other infections sensitivity of the pathogens was 59.3%. Enterococci were the only highly resistant pathogens (40.5%). Ophramax remains in the body in sufficiently high concentrations for 24 hours. This attributes to good therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION: Clinico-microbiological and pharmacokinetic findings show that ophramax can be used as a basic drug for treatment of different infectious-inflammatory diseases. Once-a-day regimen is a great advantage of ophramax.

[The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in the evaluation of antibacterial therapy regimens]. / Farmakodinamika i farmakokinetika ftorkhinolonov pri otsenke rezhimov antibakterial'noi terapii.

Sensitivity of 505 strains of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms to II generation fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin) was determined. Strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus with different level of sensitivity were selected. Pharmacokinetics of the drugs was investigated after their administration per os in one dose. The resulting indices were used for calculation of the following parameters--Cmax/MIC and AUC/MIC. These parameters may be used in evaluation of the drugs efficacy and for dosing corrections.

[Clinical, bactericidal and pharmacological evaluation of the effects of netromycin]. / Klinicheskaia, bakteritsidnaia i farmakologicheskaia otsenka deistviia netromitsina.

AIM: To analyze clinical, bactericidal effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of wide-spectrum antibiotic netromycin (NM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial entered 29 patients: 21 with bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia and chronic bronchitis), 5 with exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, 2 with infectious endocarditis and 1 with peritonsillar abscess. RESULTS: Microbiologically, most of the agents (80.36%) showed sensitivity to NM. Pharmacologically, NM persisted long in blood serum and sputum irrespective of the administration mode. Positive clinical dynamics after NM treatment was achieved in all the patients but one who had a peritonsillar abscess. CONCLUSION: NM is highly active against both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Side effects are minimal.

[The microbiological aspects of infectious complications in the oncology clinic]. / Mikrobiologicheskie aspekty infektsionnykh oslozhnenii v onkologicheskoi klinike.

At present 10 to 30 per cent of the microbial strains from cancer patients are problem ones: oxacillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative strains of Staphylococcus spp., aminoglycoside resistant strains of Escherichia coli, 3rd generation cephalosporin resistant strains of Klebsiella spp. and fungi of Candida which requires development of more rational approaches to antibacterial chemotherapy and prophylaxis of infectious complications. The infectious processes in the cancer patients proved to be highly polyetiological. Therefore, the study is significant for epidemiologic and therapeutic measures. Such an analysis in oncological clinic should be regular.

[Infections of a fungal etiology in the cancer clinic]. / Infektsii gribkovoi etiologii v onkologicheskoi klinike.

Candida fungi, more than half of which are Candida albicans, are responsible for up to 28% of microflora contaminating the pathological material during infectious processes coursing in cancer patients. They may be isolated as a monoculture or in associations with bacteria, depending on the localization of the process. In both cases their pathogenetic significance is really great, which is confirmed by the efficacy of antimycotic therapy and prophylactic measures. The prevalence of fungal infections necessitates taxonomic identification of the isolated fungal cultures.

[Sulacillin (a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam)--a new combined drug form for treatment of bacterial infections]. / Sulatsillin (sochetanie ampitsillina s sul'baktamom)--novaia kombinirovannaia lekarstvennaia forma dlia lecheniia bakterial'nykh infektsii.

The results of the cooperated clinical trial of sulacillin, a formulation including sodium ampicillin and sulbactam (2:1), are presented. The trial was carried out in different hospitals of Moscow and Smolensk. Rapid development of the favourable time course and recovery were stated in 93.7 per cent of the cases with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary and biliferous tract infections, infections of the skin and soft tissues, gynecological infections and severe suppurative complications after surgical operations. Sulacillin is useful in the empirical therapy of purulent inflammatory diseases before the pathogen isolation and identification.

[Effectiveness of comprehensive therapy of broncho-obstructive syndrome]. / Effektivnost' kompleksnoi terapii bronkhoobstruktivnogo sindroma.

Patients with chronic obstructive diseases of the lungs and bronchial asthma were treated with terbutaline sulfate in combination with cefotaxime. The results of the treatment were found to be favourable.

[Sulacillin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Sulatsillin v lechenii bronkholegochnykh zabolevanii.

Antibiotic susceptibility of 279 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative isolates from patients with bronchopulmonary infections was tested. It was shown that the frequency of resistance to ampicillin and sulacillin amounted to 36.5 and 28.8 per cent respectively. The highest clinical efficacy of sulacillin was observed in the treatment of acute pneumonia (good and satisfactory results in 76.2 and 19 per cent of the cases respectively) and chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (good and satisfactory results in 80 and 16 per cent respectively). The clinical efficacy of sulacillin was somewhat lower in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis (good and satisfactory results in 50 and 30 per cent of the cases respectively). In the treatment of chronic purulent bronchitis no clinical effect was detected in 30 per cent of the cases and in 70 per cent of the cases the results were satisfactory. The total frequency of adverse reactions to sulacillin amounted to 18.8 per cent.

[The clinico-bacteriological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of vancomycin in clinical practice]. / Kliniko-bakteriologicheskaia i farmakokineticheskaia otsenka vankomitsina v klinicheskoi praktike.

Clinical application of vancomycin in 24 patients produced a response in 83.3% of the patients. The drug was active against pneumococcal pneumonia, bronchitis, staphylococcal endocarditis and mastitis. Positive pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug allows introduction of the antibiotic 1-2 times daily.

[The compound "eric" in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Preparat "érik" v lechenii bronkholegochnykh zabolevanii.

The drug erik was used in 32 patients with chronic bronchitis and acute bacterial pneumonia. Out of 132 strains assessed for sensitivity, 94 (68.6%) were sensitive to the above antibiotic, the rest demonstrated moderate sensitivity or drug resistance. The dose 0.5 g persisted in the blood for up to 12 hours allowing its use three times in 24 hours. The response was achieved in 32 patients (72.18%).

[The efficacy of using the Soviet antibiotic rifamethoprim in treating acute bacterial pneumonias and chronic bronchitis]. / Effektivnost' primeneniia otechestvennogo antibiotika rifametoprima v lechenii ostrykh bakterial'nykh pnevmonii i khronicheskogo bronkhita.

Rifametoprim (600 mg/day) was given to 64 patients with acute bacterial pneumonia, acute bronchitis and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. 201 (83.4%) out of 241 isolates were sensitive to the action of the antibiotic. The treatment turned out effective in 84.4% of cases.