ABSTRACT
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon tumor-like lesion that has been reported within the nose, paranasal sinuses, and less frequently in the nasopharynx. While it is believed to be benign, its clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, and microscopic features may closely mimic more aggressive tumors of the upper respiratory tract, potentially leading to needless life-altering treatment. Prior to now, there had been no reported cases of this lesion in West Africa. We present a 35-year-old male with persistent bilateral nasal obstruction, difficulty with swallowing, and bilateral reduction in hearing, whose CT findings were highly suggestive of a nasopharyngeal tumor, but upon biopsy and histology showed features most consistent with REAH. Surgery completely alleviated his symptoms with no clinical evidence of recurrence after a 1-year follow-up period.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Endometriosis is defined as a chronic gynecologic disease which is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in anatomical sites and organs outside the uterine cavity. The exact prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine because many women remain asymptomatic. However, endometriosis affects about 10% to 15% of women. Thoracic endometriosis (TES) is the most common endometriosis outside the abdominopelvic cavity. It refers to endometriosis within the thoracic cavity including the lung parenchyma, diaphragm, and pleural surfaces. It can manifest as catamenial chest pain, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, hemothorax, catamenial haemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules. Case Summary. A 39-years-old married female presented with recurrent right-sided chest pain of 22 years duration, recurrent cough of more than 20 years and progressive breathlessness of a month duration. The chest pain is pleuritic, and it often starts few days to the onset of her menses and lasts throughout menstrual flow only to abate after the stoppage of menstrual bleeding. Cough was unproductive, paroxysmal often worse with worsening chest pain. It disappears after the end of menstrual bleed. Breathlessness was initially on mild to moderate exertion before progressing to occasional breathlessness at rest. No history of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and pedal swelling was found. Over the years, she had presented to several clinics where she was said to have menstrual pain referred to the chest. Conclusion: Diagnosis of extrapelvic endometriosis can be challenging and delayed because it presents in a myriad of ways and in some cases, it may be difficult to link symptoms and the menstrual cycle.
ABSTRACT
Phyllodes tumuor (PT) is a rare biphasic breast neoplasm. It constitutes <1% of the entire tumours of the breast. Based on the World Health Organization's (WHO) proposal, premised on multiple histological features, phyllodes tumour is categorized into benign, borderline, and malignant breast neoplasms. Malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT) is even a rarer neoplasm. It occurs more commonly in older patients. However, it can uncommonly occur in younger individuals. The transformation of benign phyllodes into malignant forms is extremely rare. Here, we present two cases of young females (aged 20 and 27 years, respectively) who individually presented with rapidly progressive breast lumps. The two breast lumps were huge while one was recurrent and underwent a malignant transformation in approximately 7 weeks interval following an initial complete excision and histological diagnosis of benign PT. Indeed, even in young females below the modal/peak age of phyllodes, the suspicion should be high. Additionally, breast ultrasonography findings, although not common, can be highly suggestive of PT. Furthermore, every breast lump should be further evaluated, and even more so, histologically, irrespective of the patient's age as our first patient had an excision without histology.
