Comparative analysis of cheiloscopy, pulpal tissue and fingerprint for gender identification.

Background: The most important step in identifying an unknown person is determining one's gender and as a dentist, the oral tissues are potential sources of information in this aspect. A study was carried out to assess and evaluate the accuracy of cheiloscopy, pulp tissue, and fingerprints in determining gender. Material and Methods: A study comprising of 160 individuals (80 males and 80 females) was conducted. After obtaining informed written consent and recording their bio-data; lip prints, and fingerprints were recorded. The patients' extracted tooth was collected, their pulp extirpated, for assessment of the Barr body. Results: We found that every lip pattern was unique and hence can be used to identify an unknown individual. The occurrence of the Barr body was determined, and all female samples were found to be positive for the existence of the Barr body. In fingerprint patterns, a significant difference was noted between both sexes with ulnar loops and whorl patterns only. A highly significant difference was observed in the fingerprint ridge density between genders. Conclusions: We conclude that the Barr body in pulpal tissue can be considered as the best possible technique for gender determination within the dental tissues. Lip prints did not show any differences in genders and had no role to play in gender determination. Fingerprint ridge density can also be used to determine gender.

Attitude towards oral hygiene among different socio-economic groups in Jaipur city, Rajasthan.

BACKGROUND: Socio-economic status is a total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual or family economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education and occupation. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the differences in attitudes of people from different socioeconomic statuses towards their oral hygiene. METHOD: A cross sectional study was conducted among subjects of various socioeconomic groups. Socioeconomic status and oral hygiene data was collected using Aggarwal scale having 22 items questionnaire addressing various aspects of knowledge and attitude of subjects towards oral health, and simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI- S), respectively. Statistical analysis was done using chi- square test and frequency distribution (P< 0.05 taken as significant). RESULTS: Among 500 subjects, 260 (52%) were found to have good oral hygiene, and most of them (43.46%) were from lower middle class group. A highly significant association was found between the oral hygiene and socioeconomic status (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the socioeconomic status is not the only factor that determines a person's attitude towards oral hygiene, but other factors such as lack of awareness, lack of availability of dentist nearby, fear and anxiety also play an important role.

Association between different blood groups, depression and oral health status of dental students.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of blood groups and their association with oral diseases and depression is very important, as it may help in early diagnosis and treatment strategies. METHOD: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among dental students of a private dental college. The study was conducted in two phases, in the first phase the blood samples of each student were collected and sent for blood group examination in laboratory. Data for oral health status was collected by recording oral hygiene, dental caries and questions regarding oral hygiene habits and adverse oral habits. Depression level was recorded using a pre-validated, 21 item close ended questionnaire. Data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square and frequency distribution test using SPSS software. RESULTS: The total study subjects were 315, 95 males and 220 females. On applying chi-square test between blood group and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score, a highly significant association (p=0.00) was observed. A non-significant association p=0.217 and p=0.668 was observed between gender and DMFT and Oral hygiene index-simplified and Blood group respectively. When comparing blood group and Depression score, a non-significant association (p=0.74) was observed. CONCLUSION: DMFT score varies in different blood groups and this might suggest a positive association between blood groups and DMFT score, while depression, oral hygiene and gender might not be affected by the different blood groups.

Educating the handicraft factory workers about tobacco cessation and to assess its effectiveness by motivational interviewing: An Intervention study.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is considered to be global pandemic. The study was done to assess the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention among workers by motivational interviewing among handicraft factories, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. METHODOLOGY: An interventional study was carried out among 400 handicraft factory workers on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criterion. Twenty one handicraft factories were taken into consideration. Training, Standardization and Calibration of Examiners was carried out in the public health department. The structured pre-tested proforma and Fagerstrom questionnaire was used to record the data. Four sessions of intervention were given to workers. Follow ups were carried out after 1 month, 3month and 6month. Paired t-test was used to compare Fagerstrom/smoking analysis mean scores among study and control groups before and after intervention. RESULTS: showed that in study group, a percentage change of +1.2%, seen in high dependence category and -1.5 in very high dependence and after 6 months the change was+14.2%, 18.7%, -19.2% in Very low dependence, Low dependence, Medium dependence, -11.8% was seen in high dependence category and -1.8 in very high dependence. When comparison was done among Fagerstrom/smoking analysis mean scores among study subjects before and after intervention. It was found that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of Fagerstrom/smoking analysis between baseline - 3 months, 3 months to 6 months and 6 months to 9 months among study group as compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Tobacco addiction produces neurological and behavioural change, optima; approach involving behavioural change and pharmacotherapy are needed.

Prevalence of dental caries in overweight school going children of 12-15 years in and around Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries and obesity are both multifactorial disease with a complex etiology and both are associated with dietary habits. Prevalence of dental caries and an association between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among school children METHODS: The present was done on 1500 school going children to assess the prevalence of dental caries in 12-15 year old overweight children. Weight and height were measured in light clothing and without shoes using an electronic weighing scale. Subjects' heights were measured using a stadiometre. Subjects were examined on an upright chair in adequate natural daylight and dental caries was measured by using DMF index. Chi-square test was used to analyze and compare qualitative data whereas unpaired 't' test was used to analyze and compare quantative data RESULTS: Amongst 1500 children, 156 were found to be overweight, 443 were normal weight. When mean BMI between overweight and normal weight were compared a highly significant difference was observed. When DMFT of overweight and normal weight were compared no significant difference was observed CONCLUSION: Dental caries was observed more in females as compared to males and no significant difference was observed between dental caries and weight gain

Oral Implant Imaging: A Review.

Selecting an appropriate implant imaging technique has become a challenging task since the advent of advanced imaging modalities, and many of these are used for implant imaging. On imaging, the modality should not only consider the anatomy but should also provide dimensional accuracy. Many dentists use the conventional method, mostly orthopantograph (OPG), in their routine practice of implant placement. However, because of the drawbacks associated with OPG, higher technologies, such as computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), are better accepted. These help improve image sharpness and reduce distortion. These techniques are not used widely due to the cost effect. Therefore, to decide on the type of imaging technique, all associated advantages and disadvantages should be considered, which will be broadly discussed in this review.

Management of an Anophthalmic Patient by the Fabrication of Custom Made Ocular Prosthesis.

The loss or disfigurement of a body parts specially that pertaining to the face has a deep psychological and social impact on the patient. After enucleation, evisceration or exteneration of the eye, the aim of an ocular prosthesis should be to restore the natural appearance, install confidence and a sense social acceptability in the patient. Custom made prosthesis has several advantages over the stock eye prosthesis. This article illustrates rehabilitation of the enucleated right eye of a patient with a custom made ocular prosthesis.

Prevalence of Osteosclerosis Among Patients Visiting Dental Institute in Rural Area of Western India.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is a benign lesion of unknown aetiology and is not attributed to any dysplastic, inflammatory, neoplasia, or systemic disorder. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and distribution of IO according to its location and to patients' age and gender, among rural population of western India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and fifty patients were examined for the presence of IO in the jaw bone. After a thorough clinical examination, radiographic examination was done using OPG. Age specified by WHO were used 5, 12, 15, 35-44 and 65-74. The data collected was than tabulated and subjected to descriptive statistics and chi square test. RESULTS: Among the total study population 89 (11.8%) were found to be suffering from IO out of which 27 (7.2%) were males and 62 (16.53%) were females. The maximum number of IO cases cases was seen among the age group of 35-44 y, 33 (22.0%) and minimum in 5 y 9 (6%). CONCLUSION: IO is higher among the females as compared to males and mostly seen among the 3(rd) and 4(th) decade individuals.

Prevalence of quid-induced lichenoid reactions among western Indian population.

OBJECTIVE: Betel quid and areca nut chewing is widely prevalent in many parts of Asia and Asian migrant communities in the world. Due to the carcinogenicity associated with quid and areca nut we developed an interest to study the prevalence of quid induced oral lichenoid reactions in the population of western India. METHODS: A total population of 4981 males and females was screened for tobacco use and the prevalence of lesion in 86 quid users was seen. The lesions which met the selection criteria of oral lichenoid reaction were identified. RESULTS: Prevalence of 10.4% oral lichenoid reaction was seen in all quid users and 28.12% in subjects who used tobacco with quid. Statistical analysis yielded a high degree of correlation between occurrence of lesion and quid habit. CONCLUSIONS: The clinician should be aware of the occurrence of such lesions and their associated clinical behaviour and malignant potential, if any. A close monitoring/ follow-up should be done.

Oral rehabilitation and management of mentally retarded.

High level of periodontal problems of dental caries are frequently observed in mentally handicapped children. This group of patients presents various problems when they face dental treatments. Identification of such population and providing them affordable oral health care is the new concept. A systematic method for identification and screening of persons with mental retardation has been developed and is being followed. Cost and fear are the most commonly cited barriers to dental care. Physical or mental may lead to deterioration in self-care, and oral care state have a low priority. Risk factors are inter-related and are often barriers to oral health. With advancements in today's world sufficient information and support is available for each and every individual to lead a healthy life which include the access to the oral health care. Factors such as fear, anxiety and dental phobia plays a vital role in acceptance of dental care and also the delaying of dental care. Lack of knowledge of oral and dental disease, awareness or oral need, oral side-effects of medication and organization of dental services are highlighted in the literature. All health personnel should receive training to support the concept of primary oral health care. Training about dealing with such mentally handicapped people should be addressed urgently among the health professionals.

Oral health of stone mine workers of jodhpur city, rajasthan, India.

BACKGROUND: Occupational injuries cause major health problems, which the developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations worldwide are facing today. The present study aimed to assess dental caries, periodontal health of stone mine workers, and the relationship between wasting diseases and the years of working experience. METHODS: The study population comprised 510 men, selected based on the stratified cluster sampling procedure. Clinical oral examinations were carried out, and periodontal disease, dental caries, and wasting diseases were recorded. RESULTS: Workers were in the age group of 17-56 years; the prevalence of dental caries in the workers was found to be 74%, with a mean decayed, missing, filled teeth index of 2.89. A periodontal pocket of more than 6 mm was observed in 6% of the workers. CONCLUSION: The oral health of mine workers is in a poor state; steps should be taken so as to provide basic medical and dental care facilities.

Prevelance of Haller's Cells: A Panoramic Radiographic Study.

BACKGROUND: Infraorbital ethmoid cells, also known as Haller's cells can be seen on panoramic radiographs. These help in identification of various pathologies and patient symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevelance and characteristic of Haller's cells on panoramic radiographs. Infraorbital ethmoid cells are extensions of ethmoid air cells into areas of orbit and maxillary sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised of 1000 panoramic radiographs of healthy adults of the age 18-80 years. Each radiograph was interpreted for the presence of haller's cells. The data collected were then tabulated and subjected to descriptive statistics and chi-square test. RESULTS: Haller's cells were observed in 19.2% patients. Majority of cells were present unilaterally (176 cells) while only 15 were seen bilaterally. Maximum cells were oval in shape, unilocular and single in number. CONCLUSION: Presence of haller's cells helps in enumerating the differential diagnosis for orofacial pain and in avoiding surgical complications in endonasal procedures.

Nevus of ota"- a rare pigmentation disorder with intraoral findings.

Nevus of Ota is a dermal melanocytosis seen along the distribution of ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Only 12 cases so far have been reported in English literature and it is rare in Indian subcontinent. Most of the cases reported are in females and oral cavity is infrequently involved. Here, we report a rare case of unilateral Nevus of Ota in a 56-year-old male with oral manifestations.

Dental caries and periodontal status of mentally handicapped institutilized children.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most prevalent dental disease among mentally retarded children worldwide. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: A study was carried out in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan state of India to assess the Dental caries and periodontal Status of Mentally handicapped attending special schools children in Jodhpur city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 80 mentally handicapped subjects, attending a Special Needs school in Jodhpur City. Dental caries and Periodontal Status were recorded following the WHO basic oral health survey. RESULTS: None of the subject had healthy periodontal status, dental caries was found in 79.2% of the subjects, Lymphadenopathy was observed in highest number of subjects 55 (76.3%). CONCLUSION: Health professionals should therefore be aware of the impact of mental illness and its treatment on oral health, Health personnel should receive training to support and provide all possible services to this population.

Oral manifestations of hypothyroidism: a case report.

Hypothyroidism can be due to thyroid failure (primary hypothyroidism) or pituitary or hypothalamic disease (secondary hypothyroidism). A 20-year-old female patient reported with a complaint of the presence of milk teeth in mouth since 10-12 years. Intraorally, multiple retained decidious and missing permanent teeth were present. Macroglossia was evident. Skeletal and dental malocclusion (class II) secondary to hypothyroidism was the clinical diagnosis. A comprehensive treatment plan was formulated. We present this case so as to make the oral health professionals aware of this condition efficiently.

A comparative study between microwave irradiation and sodium hypochlorite chemical disinfection: a prosthodontic view.

BACKGROUND: Prosthodontic procedures involving dental impressions, stone casts, record bases and prostheses may cause transmission of microorganisms between the patient, the dentist, auxiliary staff and laboratory personnel. In recent times, microwave radiation has gained wider acceptance in the field of applied science and has been used to reduce concentrations of bacteria and fungi, to dry dental casts,and to sterilize preparation media. OBJECTIVE: This in-vitro study was conducted to compare microwave irradiation and 0.07% sodium hypochlorite chemical disinfection. The study also evaluated the effect of microwave irradiation and 0.07% sodium hypochlorite chemical disinfection on the dimensional stability of Kalstone casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty impressions were made and divided into two groups of 20 each. Each group was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Each impression was divided into three parts and marked A, B, C. Impressions were then poured in kalastone. Part A of 20 kalastone casts were microwave disinfected, and Part B were chemically disinfected (0.07% NaOCl) while Part C were not disinfected and used as control. RESULTS: On comparing the significant difference was seen in the microbial load between microwave and chemical disinfection (Z=56.480; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: On the basis of observations made for the antimicrobial assessment the microwave irradiated Kala stone casts proved to be a better disinfection method when compared with 0.07% sodium hypochlorite chemically disinfected incorporated cast. No significant difference was seen in the dimensional stability of Kala stone discs.