Artificial intelligence in paediatrics: Current events and challenges.

This article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of paediatric care within the framework of the 7P medicine model (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Precise, Participatory, Peripheral and Polyprofessional). It highlights various applications of AI in the diagnosis, treatment and management of paediatric diseases as well as the role of AI in prevention and in the efficient management of health care resources and the resulting impact on the sustainability of public health systems. Successful cases of the application of AI in the paediatric care setting are presented, placing emphasis on the need to move towards a 7P health care model. Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing society at large and has a great potential for significantly improving paediatric care.

Inteligencia artificial en pediatría: actualidad y retos / Artificial intelligence in paediatrics: Current events and challenges

Se examina el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el campo de la atención a la salud pediátrica dentro del marco de la «Medicina de las 7P» (Predictiva, Preventiva, Personalizada, Precisa, Participativa, Periférica y Poliprofesional). Se destacan diversas aplicaciones de la IA en el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el control de enfermedades pediátricas, así como su papel en la prevención y en la gestión eficiente de los recursos médicos con su repercusión en la sostenibilidad de los sistemas públicos de salud. Se presentan casos de éxito de la aplicación de la IA en el ámbito pediátrico y se hace un gran énfasis en la necesidad de caminar hacia la Medicina de las 7P. La IA está revolucionando la sociedad en general ofreciendo un gran potencial para mejorar significativamente el cuidado de la salud en pediatría.(AU)

This article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of paediatric care within the framework of the 7P medicine model (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Precise, Participatory, Peripheral and Polyprofessional). It highlights various applications of AI in the diagnosis, treatment and management of paediatric diseases as well as the role of AI in prevention and in the efficient management of health care resources and the resulting impact on the sustainability of public health systems. Successful cases of the application of AI in the paediatric care setting are presented, placing emphasis on the need to move towards a 7P health care model. Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing society at large and has a great potential for significantly improving paediatric care.(AU)

Uso del tiempo libre en actividades deportivas como factor protector frente al consumo de drogas entre escolares peruanos de educación secundaria / Use of leisure time in sports as a protective factor against drug use in Peruvian teenagers

Objetivo: Determinar si el uso de tiempo libre en actividades deportivas (UTLD) está asociado al consumo de drogas legales e ilícitas en escolares peruanos. Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal, consistente en el sub-análisis de la base de datos del II Estudio Nacional: Prevención y Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes de secundaria, 2007, realizada por la Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo y Vida sin Drogas (DEVIDA). Se determinó la frecuencia del UTLD en los escolares encuestados según las características de sexo, año de estudio, tipo de colegio y tipo de colegio según sexo. Así mismo, se determinó la asociación entre el UTLD y el antecedente de consumo de drogas el último año. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 5 647 estudiantes, con una edad promedio de 14.9 ± 1.5 años, el 74.9% provenía de colegios públicos y el 40% pertenecía a colegios de la ciudad de Lima (capital del Perú). El 22% de escolares refirió UTLD, siendo mayor en varones que en mujeres. Los alumnos que usan su tiempo libre en actividades deportivas tienen 9% menos probabilidad de haber consumido alguna droga legal (alcohol o tabaco, OR=0.91 [IC95% 0.90-0.91]), mientras que la probabilidad de haber consumido drogas ilegales es 34% menor (OR=0.66 [IC95% 0.65-0.68]). Conclusiones: El uso de tiempo libre en actividades deportivas esta asociado significativamente a una menor frecuencia de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas en estudiantes de secundaria peruanos, lo que debería tomarse en cuenta en las estrategias de prevención de consumo de drogas en adolescentes.

Objective: To determine whether the use of free time in sports (UFTS) is associated with the consumption of licit and illicit drugs Peruvian children. Material and Methods: cross-sectional study, sub-analysis of the data base of the II Estudio Nacional: Prevención y Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes de Secundaria, 2007, conducted by the Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo y Vida sin Drogas (DEVIDA). We determined the frequency of UFTS on the surveyed schoolchildren, according to the characteristics of sex, year of study, type of school and type of school by sex. Furthermore, we investigated the association between UFTS and history of drug use on the last year. Results: 5647 students were interviewed, (average age: 14.9 ± 1.5 years), 74.9% came from public schools and 40% came from schools in the city of Lima (Peruvian capital). 22% of school children reported UFTS, being higher in males than females. Students who use their free time in sports has 9% less likely to consumed any legal drug (alcohol or snuff, OR = 0.91 [95% CI 0.90 to 0.91]), while the probability of having used illegal drugs is 34% lower (OR = 0.66 [95% CI 0.65 to 0.68]). Conclusions: The use of free time in sports is associated with significantly lower rates of alcohol consumption, snuff and illicit drugs in Peruvian high school students, which should be taken into account in strategies to prevent drug use in adolescents.

Treatment of monomorphic B-cell lymphoma with rituximab after liver transplantation in a child.

Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell specific CD20 antigen has been used with success in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) of B-cell phenotype. However, the use of such drug in children with liver transplantation and PTLD is very limited. We report a 2-yr-old liver transplant recipient with monomorphic non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell origin. The lymphoma did not respond to immunosuppression withdrawal, with a subsequent allograft rejection. Despite resumption of immunosuppression and rejection treatment, the lymphoma was successfully treated with rituximab.