Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate EHI, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. RESULTS: Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care.

Cuidados enfermeros a neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica en hipotermia terapéutica. Revisión bibliográfica / Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature

Introducción La encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica es una de las principales causas de daño neurológico en el neonato. Actualmente, la hipotermia terapéutica es el tratamiento de elección para reducir la mortalidad y la discapacidad en los niños que presentan esta patología. Objetivo Identificar los cuidados enfermeros en recién nacidos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica moderada a severa tratados con hipotermia terapéutica activa. Materiales y métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase y Cochrane Plus) durante los últimos 5 años. La valoración documental se realizó por pares y la calidad se evaluó mediante las escalas CEBM y GRADE. Resultados De los 22 artículos seleccionados y revisados se evidencia que la hipotermia terapéutica es efectiva al reducir la morbimortalidad de los neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. Los cuidados enfermeros durante el tratamiento de hipotermia se centran en 4 pilares básicos: los cuidados generales para la estabilización del recién nacido, la preparación del material, la administración del tratamiento médico en todas sus fases y el soporte emocional de la familia. Conclusiones La hipotermia terapéutica es efectiva al reducir las secuelas y la mortalidad de los neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. Los cuidados enfermeros son esenciales y están presentes durante todo el tratamiento, detectan precozmente complicaciones en los niños y ofrecen apoyo psicológico a los padres. La formación del personal de enfermería en estos cuidados es fundamental. (AU)

Introduction Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. ObjectiveTo identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. Materials and methods A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. Results Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. Conclusions Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care. (AU)

Nursing care in therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Review of the literature. / Cuidados enfermeros a neonatos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica en hipotermia terapéutica. Revisión bibliográfica.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neurological damage in the new-born. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current treatment to reduce mortality and disability in new-borns with this condition. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care in new-borns with severe to moderate hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, treated with active therapeutic hypothermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the scientific literature was carried out in different databases (PubMed, Lilacs, IBECS, Cinhal, OvidSP, Cuiden, Embase and Cochrane Plus) over the last five years. The documentary assessment was carried out by peers and the quality was evaluated using the CEBM and GRADE scales. RESULTS: Of the 22 articles selected and reviewed, it is evident that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the mobility and mortality of neo-nates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care during hypothermia treatment focuses on four basic pillars: general care for stabilisation of the new-born, preparation of the material, administration of medical treatment in all its phases and emotional support of the family. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing the sequelae and mortality of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Nursing care is essential throughout the treatment, in the early detection of complications in the infant and psychological support for parents. It is essential for nurses to receive training in this care.

Prevention of meconium obstruction in very low birth weight preterm infants. / Prevención de la obstrucción meconial en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso.

INTRODUCTION: Delayed meconium expulsion is a cause of bowel obstruction in the extremely premature newborn (<28 WGE) weighing less than 1500g at birth. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment in the prevention of meconium obstruction in very-low-birt- weight preterm infants. METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study performed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary level hospital. All very-low-birth-weight preterm infants who were born during the study period, from August 2016 to January 2017, and who had meconium obstruction were included. RESULTS: A sample of 42 newborn infants was obtained. Regarding the expulsion of meconium, 57.1% of the sample spontaneously ejected meconium, while 42.9% received different treatments. Of these, 72.2% were treated with saline enemas, 16% with acetylcysteine enemas, 16% with Gastrografin® and none required surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment seems to be an effective therapeutic measure for the prevention of meconium obstruction in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants since it achieved the expulsion of meconium without having to apply surgical treatment.