Guidelines on the treatment of chronic coinfection by Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV outside endemic areas.

As a result of population migration, Chagas disease is no longer limited to the North and South American continents. In HIV-infected patients, chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi behaves as an opportunistic infection in severely immunosuppressed patients and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Unlike other opportunistic infections, information on the natural history, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Chagas disease is scarce. Spain has the highest number of cases of Chagas disease outside the North and South American continents, and coinfection with HIV is increasingly prevalent. In this article, the Spanish Society for Tropical Medicine and International Health (Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Internacional) reviews the current situation of coinfection with HIV and T. cruzi infection and provides guidelines on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in areas where Chagas disease is not endemic. It also identifies areas of uncertainty where additional research is necessary.

Linfagioleiomiomatosis en mujer posmenopáusica / Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a post-menopausal women

La linfangioleiomiomatosis es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por quistes pulmonares con proliferación anómala del sistema linfático. Se presenta casi en exclusiva en mujeres en edad fértil debido a una influencia hormonal, por lo que resulta sumamente infrecuente en pacientes posmenopáusicas. En estos casos suele tener relación con tratamientos hormonales sustitutivos. Es conocido que esta enfermedad tiene un alto grado de asociación con otras afecciones como la esclerosis tuberosa y los angiomiolipomas renales.Presentamos el caso de una paciente posmenopáusica afecta de linfangioleiomiomatosis, sin ningún antecedente de tratamientos hormonales, en la que se detectaron, además, angiomiolipomas renales y criterios clínicos indicativos de esclerosis tuberosa en grado de probable(AU)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease characterised by pulmonary cysts with abnormal proliferation in the lymphatic system. It occurs almost exclusively in women of fertile age due to a hormonal influence, for this reason it is extremely rare in post-menopausal patients. In these cases it is usually associated to hormone replacement therapies. It is known that this diseases is strongly associated with other conditions, such as tuberous sclerosis and renal angiomyolipomas.We present a case of a post-menopausal patient suffering from lymphangioleiomyomatosis, with no history of hormone therapy, in whom were also detected renal angiomyolipomas and clinical signs indicative of a probable tuberous sclerosis(AU)

[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a post-menopausal women]. / Linfagioleiomiomatosis en mujer posmenopáusica.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease characterised by pulmonary cysts with abnormal proliferation in the lymphatic system. It occurs almost exclusively in women of fertile age due to a hormonal influence, for this reason it is extremely rare in post-menopausal patients. In these cases it is usually associated to hormone replacement therapies. It is known that this diseases is strongly associated with other conditions, such as tuberous sclerosis and renal angiomyolipomas. We present a case of a post-menopausal patient suffering from lymphangioleiomyomatosis, with no history of hormone therapy, in whom were also detected renal angiomyolipomas and clinical signs indicative of a probable tuberous sclerosis.