Surgical Resection and Immediate Reconstruction with a Bilayer Wound Collagen Matrix of a Rare Oral Angiosarcoma: A Case Report.

Angiosarcomas are malignant vascular tumors that commonly occur on the skin of the head and neck, breast, or scalp. Oral angiosarcoma is a rare tumor (0.0077% of all cancers in Europe), and regarding this atypical localization, no formal treatment trials have been conducted yet. We present a case of a 58-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of oral angiosarcoma. After tumor excision was performed by transoral surgical approach, immediate reconstruction of the intraoral surgical defects was made using Integra® bilayer wound collagen matrix. A skin regeneration technique has previously been reported to provide good healing for defects of buccal resection, preventing postoperative cicatricial fibrosis.

Ultrasound-assisted Thoracic Intervertebral Foramen Block. A Cadaveric Study.

BACKGROUND: A thoracic paravertebral block can be a useful opioid-sparing technique for controlling postoperative pain after thoracic and visceral abdominal surgery. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess dye spread into the ventral branch, connecting branch, sympathetic trunk, thoracic paravertebral space, and epidural space after performing a modified ultrasound-assisted thoracic paravertebral block via the intervertebral foramen. STUDY DESIGN: This was a nonrandomized cadaveric study. SETTING: The cadavers were kept at the Department of Anatomopathology of the San Salvatore Academic Hospital of L'Aquila (L'Aquila, Italy). METHODS: We performed a bilateral thoracic paravertebral block via the intervertebral foramen at the second, fifth, ninth, and twelfth thoracic vertebrae. A linear array ultrasound transducer was used. Then, cadaveric dissection was performed. A Tuohy needle was gently inserted in-plane with the ultrasound beam in a lateromedial direction to contact the spinous process. Subsequently, the needle tip was advanced 2 mm along the transverse process of the vertebra, and 5 mL of methylene blue 1% dye was injected at each level. Then, 2 continuous catheter sets were inserted. RESULTS: Forty intervertebral foramen blocks were performed in 5 cadavers. For 38 injection sites, we found dye on both sides of the thoracic paravertebral space and epidural space at each level of puncture. The retropleural organs were also stained. In 2 cases, methylene blue accumulated intramuscularly at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. RESULTS: The spread of dye into the ventral rami, communicating rami, and sympathetic trunk in the thoracic paravertebral space and the epidural space was assessed. We also evaluated the position and the distance (mm) between the catheter tip and the thoracic intervertebral foramen content. Finally, puncturing of intervertebral blood vessels, nerve rootlet and root damage, lung and pleural injuries, and the extent of intramuscular dye accumulation were evaluated and recorded as iatrogenic complications related to the anesthetic procedure. Forty thoracic paravertebral blocks in 5 cadavers were performed. For 38 injection sites, we found dye on both sides of the thoracic paravertebral space and the epidural space at each level of puncture. The ventral rami, the communicating rami, and the sympathetic trunk were also stained. In 2 cases, methylene blue accumulated intramuscularly at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. LIMITATIONS: The first limitation of this study is its small sample size. In addition, the study design did not consider or measure the width of the transverse processes. Another limitation is that the ultrasound beam could not identify the thoracic intervertebral foramen content or the needle tip behind the acoustic shadow of the transverse and vertebral articular processes. CONCLUSION: Paravertebral block via the thoracic intervertebral foramen achieved consistent dye spread into the thoracic paravertebral space and epidural space, capturing retropleural organs.

End stage renal disease in patient with microscopic polyangiitis and atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome arose 3 weeks after the third dose of anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine mRNA-1273: A case report with literature revision.

RATIONALE: Immune system deregulation, including AAV, is a key event that may potentially evolve into ESRD. Abnormal activation of the cAP is also a cardinal feature of TMA, particularly aHUS. The kidney is the most frequently involved organ, and renal-limited forms of TMA are often encountered in clinical practice. Isolated case reports described the occurrence of renal TMA in AAV patients. Some cases of both de novo and relapses of AAV and/or TMAs after anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination have been reported. We reported, for the 1st time, a case of patients with new-onset MPA and aHUS occurring 3 weeks after the third dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine anti-SARS-CoV2. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a 67-year-old man, affected by arterial hypertension, reported, after mRNA-1273 vaccine anti-SARS-CoV2, anuria, fatigue, anorexia and nausea. Laboratory data revealed acute renal failure. DIAGNOSIS: Positivity of MPO-ANCA was observed. 7 days after admission, we observed a worsening of anemia and thrombocytopenia with haptoglobin reduction, LDH increase and presence of schistocytes. Plasma levels of ADAMTS-13 were normal. A renal biopsy was performed, and findings were consistent with microscopic polyangiitis, with features of micro-thrombotic glomerulopathy. Genetic tests revealed absence of hybrid genes associated with the increased risk of aHUS. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: We started renal replacement treatment, including hemodialysis, and pulsed methylprednisolone, with no improvement of laboratory parameters. Then, plasma exchange was performed leading to partial haematological response. Only with Eculizumab, a human C5 inhibitor, we observed a normalization of haptoglobin levels and platelets' count. However, three months after discharge, the patient still required hemodialysis. LESSONS: To our knowledge we observed the first case aHUS, without genetic predisposition, associated with MPA occurring after the third dose of anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine. This case report highlights the potential link between anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine as a trigger of MPA and aHUS. This systematic review offers additional perspectives. It is plausible to hypothesize that the vaccine was the trigger for the development of these 2 diseases.Solid evidence on the mechanisms of interaction between vaccine and immune system, the role of genetic predisposition, and other variables, will shed additional light on the controversial link between anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine and autoimmunity.

Conservative Management and Ultrasound Follow-Up of Parasitic Myoma: Our Experience and Literature Review.

A uterine fibroid is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm of the uterus. Parasitic fibroids (PMs) are a type of myoma that do not have any direct attachment to the uterus. PMs can arise from the implantation of tissue fragments generated during the morcellation process in previous laparoscopic myomectomies or hysterectomies. Transvaginal ultrasound (TV-US) may be helpful in the diagnosis of these benign tumors. Almost all the case reports in the literature suggest surgical management of parasitic fibroids. Conversely, we report an ultrasound-guided histological diagnosis and a non-surgical treatment of a parasitic myoma that arose twenty years after a total laparotomic hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy in a patient with multiple comorbidities, in order to offer a follow-up alternative to the management of this rare pathology. Our experience reveals that a non-surgical conservative approach can be considered as an alternative therapeutic option for the management of rare cases such as PMs in highly selected patients.

Leprosy in an Adopted Woman Diagnosed by Molecular Tools: A Case Report from a Non-Endemic Area.

Coupled with its rarity in non-endemic areas, the clinical heterogeneity of leprosy makes diagnosis very challenging. We report a diagnosis of multibacillary leprosy in a 22-year-old Indian woman, adopted at the age of 10 and living in Italy. The patient presented with painful skin lesions on the face, trunk, and lower and upper extremities, associated with dysesthesia and a motor deficit in her left leg following corticosteroid therapy interruption. Histopathology results from the skin lesions suggested leprosy, but no acid-fast bacilli were identified. Molecular biology in a center specializing in tropical diseases confirmed the diagnosis, allowing prompt and adequate treatment. Genotype analysis allowed the identification of a genotype 1D of M. leprae, facilitating the epidemiological investigation of the plausible infection origin. No resistances to rifampicin, dapsone, or ofloxacin were detected. Leprosy will continue to exist in high-income nations, and the incidence may rise over time due to increasing migration and globalization. CARE guidelines were followed.

Hypopharynx, oropharynx morphology and histology in severe Coronavirus 2 patients treated by noninvasive ventilation: comparison between full-face mask and helmet strategies.

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive ventilation may alter the morphology and histology of the upper airway mucosa. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of hypopharynx and oropharynx mucosa, identified during oro-tracheal intubation procedure via video-assisted laryngoscopy, in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 related, treated by non-invasive ventilation via full-face mask or helmet. METHODS: Data of patients affected by Coronavirus 2 admitted to COVID Hospital of L'Aquila (Italy), presenting hypopharynx and oropharynx morphology alterations, requiring oro-tracheal intubation for invasive ventilation and initially treated with non-invasive ventilation were included in the study. The study aimed to investigate the upper airway mucosa alterations using oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal images and biopsies taken during video-assisted-laryngoscopy. Data from the hypopharynx and oropharynx morphology and histology alterations between non-invasive ventilation via a full-face mask or helmet used during hospitalization were compared. RESULTS: From 220 data recorded, 60 patients were included in the study and classified into non-invasive ventilation full-face mask group (30/60) and via helmet group. Comparing data between groups, significant differences were found with respect to hyperemia (77% vs. 20%), laryngeal bleeding ulcerations (87% vs. 13%), and vocal cord edema with >50% narrowing of the tracheal lumen (73% vs. 7%), respectively. The histology examination revealed fibrin-necrotic exudate with extensive necrotic degenerative changes in the sample tissue of the groups. There were not any differences in the duration time of non-invasive ventilation, time from hospitalization and the start of ventilation between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this research suggested that there were differences in airway mucosa damages among patients treated with a full-face mask or helmet. Further studies should be planned to understand which non-invasive ventilation support may mitigate upper airway mucosa damages when oro-tracheal intubation is requested for invasive respiratory support.

Defining the Profile of Patients with Primary Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Central Italy: A Retrospective Analysis.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine skin cancer that usually occurs in elderly people on sun-exposed areas, with a predisposition to local recurrence. Evidence suggests a growing incidence over the past decade; however, robust epidemiologic data are still lacking. We describe the MCC population in clinical practice in a retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics from medical records of primary MCC patients, between 2015 and 2020, at six dermatology clinics in Central Italy. Ninety-four patients were included (57.4% male; mean age 78.2 ± 10.1 years, range 47-99 years). The estimated incidence rate of MCC was 0.93 per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Lower limbs were the most frequently affected site (31.5%), and 54% of patients for whom information was available were immunosuppressed. Lymph node involvement was reported in 42.5% of patients, and distant metastases in almost 20%. Most patients underwent surgery for tumor excision and were mainly referred to specialized dermatology clinics by dermatologists (47.9%) and general surgeons (28.7%). Apart from the relatively balanced prevalence of MCC in men and women, the predominant location on lower limbs, and the higher incidence rate compared with previous reports in Italy, this population is, overall, similar to the populations described in other observational studies. MCC management requires the involvement of several specialties. Increased awareness of MCC and standardization of its management are urgently needed.

A first stage placental site trophoblastic tumor: a case report and review of literature.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a very rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) that occurs mainly in women who have a history of termination of pregnancy. It has different characteristics from other gestational trophoblastic tumors: it grows slowly, secretes low levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG), with low metastatic potential. We report a case of PSTT of a 32-year-old patient. Seven months after delivery, the patient presented at our Center with persistence of menorrhagia for at least 1 month. A slightly high level of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) was observed. TVUS and MRI, an operative hysteroscopy and a laparoscopy were performed. The histological and immunohistochemical findings demonstrated PSTT. Diagnosis of juvenile cystic adenomyoma (JCA) was also added. A total body CT scan was negative for metastases. A total hysterectomy with salpingectomy was performed. We performed a search of relevant studies about PSTT of the last years. A systematic search of Pubmed databases was conducted. Appropriate search terms were constructed by reviewing abstracts, titles and keywords relating to PSTT known to the authors. All articles known to the authors useful to the review were included, comparing with our clinical case. Stages and treatment are related to survival rates, with long term survival expected for stage I low-risk disease after hysterectomy. Our case is a stage I disease with good prognostic factors (patient's age and absence of metastases) and, as described in the literature, a total hysterectomy with salpingectomy was performed.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Melanoma Diagnosis in Italy.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to lockdowns for much of the world. In Italy, all health procedures not directly related to COVID-19 were reduced or suspended, thus limiting patient access to hospitals. Any delay in cancer treatment presents the additional risk of tumors progressing from being curable to incurable. Specifically, melanoma survival rate strictly depends on tumor thickness, which, in turn, is a function of time. To estimate the impact on melanoma progression caused by the reduction in dermatologic services during the COVID-19 lockdown, a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. This study was designed to compare the clinical and histologic characteristics of the primary melanomas removed in the first 2 months after the end of the lockdown (May-July 2020) in 12 Italian centers characterized by different COVID-19 case frequencies. The control group was represented by the melanomas removed during the same period in the previous 3 years. Overall, 1,124 melanomas were considered: 237 as part of the study group and 887 from the control group (average, 295), with a 20% reduction. Breslow thickness, as well as high-risk histotypes and melanomas with vertical growth, increased for all melanomas. Ulcerated and high mitotic index melanomas increased, particularly in northern Italy. In Italy, the lockdown led to a significant worsening of melanoma severity, causing a staging jump, with a consequent worsening of outcomes.

Duodenal lymphocytosis in functional dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Functional dyspepsia is an exclusion diagnosis requiring different tests, including endoscopy, often repeated over time. Duodenal biopsies are frequently resorted to, not rarely revealing duodenal microscopic inflammation. Aim of the study is to confirm a previously supposed role of antro-duodenal low-grade inflammation in functional dyspepsia, evaluating the frequency of duodenal lymphocytosis, H. pylori infection and their association in a group of patients with functional dyspepsia compared to asymptomatic control subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study has been conducted screening all the patients who underwent duodenal biopsies during upper endoscopy, in a 30 months period. All the patients without endoscopic lesions were analysed. The study group consisted of patients compatible with the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia (Rome III criteria). The control group consisted of healthy asymptomatic subjects in the population subjected to endoscopy. The presence of duodenal lymphocytosis and of H. pylori infection in the two groups was evaluated. RESULTS: 216 patients were enrolled: 161 in the functional dyspepsia group and 55 as asymptomatic control group. The frequency of duodenal lymphocytosis was similar between cases and control groups (25.47% vs 25.45%; p = 0.99), as well as H. pylori infection (26.71% vs 23.64%; p = 0.78). Duodenal lymphocytosis was significantly associated with functional dyspepsia only in H. pylori positive dyspeptic patients (p = 0.047). 94% of the subjects with both lymphocytosis and H. pylori infection suffer from dyspepsia. Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis is significantly associated with bloating (p = 0.0082). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of dyspeptic patients, duodenal lymphocytosis is significantly associated with bloating and the simultaneous presence of duodenal lymphocytosis and H. pylori infection is significantly more prevalent than in control subjects.

The prognostic value of histology in ulcerative colitis in clinical remission with mesalazine.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare the prognostic value of histological and endoscopic activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Patients in clinical remission for 1 year under treatment with mesalazine underwent a planned colonoscopy with biopsies. Histological activity was scored using the histological activity index (HAI). Endoscopic activity was scored using the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES). The clinical course was evaluated measuring relapses needing steroids during a follow up of 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients were enrolled into the study and followed up for 3 years. At baseline 29 patients (55.77%) had no endoscopic lesions, and 17 patients (32.69%) showed no histological alteration. At 3 years of follow up, overall, 26 patients (50%) were still in steroid-free remission. Using univariate logistic regression analysis, both histological (HAI ⩾ 1) and endoscopic activity (MES ⩾ 1) were significantly associated with outcome, showing, respectively, a relapse risk (odds ratio [OR]) 16.4 times higher than histological remission (HAI 0) (96% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-84.3) and 6.3 times higher with respect to endoscopic remission (MES 0) (96% CI: 1.9-21.3). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, histological activity was the only factor significantly associated with outcome (OR 10.2; 95% CI: 1.7-59.4). CONCLUSIONS: Histological activity has the most powerful prognostic value in predicting the need for steroids in patients with UC in stable clinical remission on mesalazine. It could be considered as a target of therapy in UC.

Mastocytic enterocolitis: Increase of mast cells in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with chronic diarrhea / Enterocolitis mastocítica: aumento de los mastocitos en el tracto gastrointestinal de pacientes con diarrea crónica

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Oral lymphomatoid granulomatosis, the first sign of a 'rare disease': a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is an uncommon Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphoma, an angiocentric-destructive process with a predominant T-cell background. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is listed among rare diseases. Common localization is in the lungs. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with oral involvement is described in only two reports. In this report, we describe a third case of oral lymphomatoid granulomatosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old Caucasian man with a gingival ulceration underwent a biopsy. The histological pattern was compatible with a grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The staging revealed a nodular lesion in the lower lobe of his right lung. Our patient also presented with hemoptysis, an unusual and not reported clinical sign. Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy was performed every three weeks for six cycles. CONCLUSIONS: The pulmonary nodule and the gingival lesion disappeared. At eight-month follow-up, our patient is disease-free. We wish to emphasize that the oral manifestation described was the first sign of the disease and allowed for diagnosis. This case report adds to the medical literature for the particular clinical presentation of this rare disease.