ABSTRACT
The Microgenics CEDIA DAU (EIA) and the Abbott AxSym system (FPIA) cannabinoids assays were evaluated for their combined effectiveness in the analysis of cannabinoids in whole blood. Blood samples were treated with acetone, evaporated, and reconstituted, and the supernatant was analyzed by the EIA cannabinoids assay. Blood samples determined positive by EIA were then treated with acetonitrile and sodium sulfate, and the resultant protein-free supernatant was analyzed using the FPIA cannabinoids assay. A total of 98 blood samples determined to be presumptively positive by both EIA and FPIA were further analyzed for the presence of 11-nor-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH). All 98 blood samples could be confirmed for the presence of THCCOOH by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at concentrations greater than the 10 ng/mL cutoff. The GC-MS results were found to correlate significantly better with those of the FPIA cannabinoids assay (r = 0.75) than with EIA (r = 0.22). Procedures for the rapid analysis of whole blood for cannabinoids using CEDIA DAU reagents and the AxSym system are presented.
Subject(s)
Cannabinoids/blood , Dronabinol/analogs & derivatives , Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Acetone/chemistry , Acetonitriles/chemistry , Dronabinol/blood , Drug Interactions , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Solvents/chemistry , Sulfates/chemistry , VolatilizationSubject(s)
Cocaine , Rhinitis/complications , Sepsis/mortality , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Administration, Intranasal , Adult , Chronic Disease , Cocaine/administration & dosage , Humans , Male , Sepsis/etiology , Staphylococcal Infections/mortalityABSTRACT
A procedure is described for analysis of arsenic in urine, hair, liver, and other biological specimens after dissolution of milligram quantities in nitric acid followed by treatment with nickel nitrate and graphite furnace atomic absorption (AA). Some data is given comparing silver diethyldithiocarbamate (AgDDC) colorimetry results to AA results. The method is fast, sensitive, and accurate. Case reports are cited.
Subject(s)
Arsenic/analysis , Forensic Medicine , Adult , Arsenic Poisoning , Hair/analysis , Humans , Male , Methods , Middle Aged , Nails/analysis , Spectrophotometry, AtomicABSTRACT
A method is presented for the analysis of ethylene glycol in whole blood by GC/FID using 1,2-butanediol as the internal standard (IS). The diols are derivatized during extraction from whole blood using n-butylboronic acid and then extracted as pseudo weak acids prior to analysis. As little as 10 mg/L of ethylene glycol in blood can be detected by this method.
Subject(s)
Ethylene Glycols/blood , Flame Ionization , Forensic Medicine , Humans , MicrochemistryABSTRACT
A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the range of blood methaqualone levels, which should be considered sufficient to produce deterioration of driving ability. Data from 974 driving-under-the influence (DUI) cases were subdivided into five major catagories based on whether drugs other than methaqualone were discovered during the analytical procedures. The range of blood methaqualone levels, which appear to cause significant motor skill impairment, are discussed for each category. Also included are data from 20 of these cases indicating the symptoms of methaqualone intoxication which were reported by arresting officers.
Subject(s)
Automobile Driving , Methaqualone/blood , Diazepam/blood , Ethanol/blood , Female , Georgia , Humans , Male , Methaqualone/poisoningABSTRACT
A procedure is presented for the concomitant identification and quantitation of certain commonly abused weak acid and natural drugs from whole blood. This procedure offers several advantages over other procedures in that: (A) a means of extraction of the drugs from blood using a very inexpensive source of diatomaceous earth (Celite 560) is presented, (B) the addition of three internal standards allows the quantitation of several drugs from blood with just one extraction of the blood sample, (C) the extracts are virtually free of any contaminants from biological sources or from biologically inert drug metabolites, and (D) the barbiturates and desmethyldiazepam are derivatized to enhance their limits of detection and reduce peak tailing frequently observed when using the nitrogen-phosphorous detector and gas chromatography (NPD/GC). Some 1000 positive driving-under-the-influence cases have been quantitated by this method.
