[Real-world clinical efficacy assessment of Kapsikam a combined topical medication based on nonivamide synthetic capsaicin analog in patients with acute nonspecific musculoskeletal back pain: LOCUS observational study outcomes]. / Otsenka klinicheskoi effektivnosti Kapsikama u patsientov s ostroi nespetsificheskoi skeletno-myshechnoi bol'yu v spine v real'noi praktike: rezul'taty nablyudatel'nogo issledovaniya LOKUS.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the effect of local therapy with Kapsikam on the dynamics of clinical symptoms and indices of the disability scale, as well as on reducing the doses of systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in patients with acute back pain (LOCUS study). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study included 120 patients with nonspecific pain in the lower back and a verified diagnosis of Lumbodynia M54.5; «Lumbodynia with sciatica¼ M54.4, of which 78 received in addition to the basic treatment with systemic NSAIDs topical drug Kapsikam and 42 - only basic treatment.Results and conclusion. The addition of Kapsikam ointment to systemic NSAIDs accelerated the onset of the analgesic effect, which made it possible to discontinue NSAIDs in 50% of patients after 5 days of use. Local therapy was accompanied by easily tolerated adverse events that did not affect the use of the drug. 97.4% of patients used the study drug as prescribed until the end of the study.

Lipoic acid nanoforms based on phosphatidylcholine: production and characteristics.

We describe the dynamics of lipoic acid (LA) alone, incorporated in liposomes and as a part of nanoemulsions. Mass spectrometry shows that LA in water forms aggregates of two or three molecules in the form of a negatively charged ion and a neutral molecule. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based nanoforms of LA as liposomes and nanoemulsions with a particle size equal to 145 nm are characterized by a high degree of incorporation of LA into the nanoparticles and long-term stability during storage at room temperature. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) gives the polydispersity index of the nanoforms (> 0.3), characterizing the homogeneity of the obtained nanodispersions. We found that such emulsions can significantly (5 ×) increase the concentration of LA in the aqueous phase (5-7 mg/mL) when compared with an aqueous solution of LA (1 mg/mL) and by 40% when compared with PC liposomes (4 mg/mL). Moreover, the inclusion of LA in liposomes and nanoemulsions from PC did not change the neutral ζ-potential characteristic of PC nanoforms. CryoTEM established that the structural organization of the liposomes practically did not differ from nanoemulsions and both nanoforms contained both multilayer and single-layer vesicles. When studying the release kinetics of LA from phosphatidylcholine nanoforms, we found that at 22 h, 45-55% of LA was released from nanoparticles, but that at the initial stage of the process LA was slowly released from the nanoemulsions and rapidly from the liposomes. Conductance measurements indicate that LA delivered in all the three forms increase membrane permeability, though this result is most marked with the LA in PC liposomes.

[Pathogenetic approaches to treatment of cognitive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Patogeneticheskie podkhody k terapii kognitivnykh narushenii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The article presents the currents concepts on the mechanisms of brain lesions and development of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) including DM type 2. Metabolic and vascular mechanisms, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, glutamate excitotoxicity, insulin insufficiency and brain insulin resistance, general vascular and microcirculatory disturbances, death of cortical neurons, decrease in the newly synthesized acetylcholine, activation of lipid peroxidation are considered. A review of the main domestic and international drugs used in clinical practice for treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with DM is presented.

[The association between oxidative stress markers and clinical course of chronic cerebral ischemia].

Authors studied 360 patients with different stages of chronic cerebral ischemia (CBI), including 180 patients followed-up for 12 months after the first examination, who were stratified into two groups with regard to disease course - favorable (stable) and unfavorable (progressive or with acute episodes of cerebral blood circulation disturbance). Oxidative stress markers were evaluated by the level of lipid- (malonic dialdehyde) and protein - (carbon products of protein oxidation, the level of plasma SH-groups, the accumulation of the products of deep oxidation of proteins) oxidation. Along with indicators of oxidative stress, we evaluated the binding capacity of albumin using fluorescent probe K-35. Initial level of these markers and their concentrations after the copper ion induced oxidation of the plasma were determined. The highest increase in oxidative stress indicators was seen in patients with acute episodes. Authors identified significant differences in these indicators in the groups of patients with different clinical variants of CBI course as well as qualitative and quantitative diagnostic criteria of unfavorable course and risk of stroke. Our findings suggest that the imbalance of oxidative-antioxidative system contributes to the course of CBI. Prediction of unfavorable course of CBI determines the timeliness of adequate treatment.