[Efficacy and tolerance of rezonizate in complex with fluoroquinolones or mycobutin on a model of experimental murine tuberculosis].

The efficacy of rezonizate, a novel antituberculosis drug, in combination with fluoroquinolones or mycobutin was studied in experiments on mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By the pathomorphological and microbiological criteria, the highest therapeutic effect was observed when rezonizate was used in combination with levofloxacin, the lowest effect was produced by rezonizate combination with gatifloxacin.

[Clinico-morphological characteristics of pulmonary mycobacteriosis].

According to the criteria of the American Thoracal Societypulmonary mycobacteriosis has been diagnosed at 40patients without clinically important immunosupression (MAC--35%, Mkansasii--25%, M. xenopi--20%, M. fortuitum--12.5% and M. chelonae--7.5%). 95% patients have had clinically important symptomatology with polymorphic radiologic development such as a deformation of a lung pattern and focal dissemination (75%), locus and infiltration (52.5%), cavities (42.5%), marked pneumosclerosis (60%) and bronchiectasis (17.5%). 75% patients have had some changes of the bronhial tree. As opposed to tuberculosis the morphology of mycobacteriosis is more homogeneous and includes inflammation with epithelioid giant-cell granuloma and fibrosis, pneumogenic and bronchogenic cavernous cavities, mycobacterial endobronchitis. The polymorphism of clinic-radiologic developments, a similarity of lung diseases morphology caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria makes difficulties to diagnose theirs.

[Immunophenotyping of epithelioid-cell granulomas in sarcoidosis].

The specimens of biopsy of the lung and lymph nodes from 24 patients with sarcoidosis were immunophenotyped. The monoclonal antibody panel for immunophenotyping the monocyte-macrophage cells included HLA-DR, CD64, CD163; CD7, CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR, and CD20 were used to assess lymphocytic populations. In sarcoidosis, the majority of cell elements of a granuloma are in a state of activation, as evidenced by HLA-DR expression on the epithelioid, giant cells, T lymphocytes (which was observed in more than in 90% of cases), the extent of this expression decreasing as fibrosis develops. There is a statistically significant correlation between the presence of individual lymphocytic subpopulations and monocyte-macrophage cells in the granuloma. No clear relationship of the phenotype of a granuloma to the clinical form (stage) of sarcoidosis suggests that is based on the common self-sustaining process of formation, functioning, and involution of granulomas, which has no direct agreements in the X-ray and laboratory manifestations of the disease.

[Viral inclusions of sarcoid granuloma into the epitheliocytes]. / Virusnye vkliucheniia v épitelioidnykh kletkakh sarkoidnoi granulemy.

Electron microscopy was used study the cellular composition of sarcoid granulomas in the lung of 10 patients. In 4 patients, epithelioid cells contained herpes virus virions. In these patients, the disease clinically began acutely, ran along with erythema nodosum; their treatment involved glucocorticosteroids. In the other patients, the cells of sarcoid granulomas did not contain viruses, the granulomas were at the fibrosing stage; diffuse pneumosclerosis was clinically diagnosed. It is suggested that in sarcoidosis, immunity is of not sterile character and the phagocytosis of virus aggregates with epithelioid cells demonstrates the degree of endocytobiosis. This process takes place in tuberculosis, which is a manifestation of the biological expediency of endocytobiosis as this allows infection immunity to be maintained.

[Classification and coding of clinical-anatomical forms of tuberculosis]. / Klassifikatsiia i kodirovanie kliniko-anatomicheskikh form tuberkuleza.

Principal forms of tuberculosis are morphologically characterized as well as their complications. The comparison with ICD-10 is made.

[Videothoracoscopy in diagnosing and treating exudative pleuritis]. / Videotorakoskopiia v diagnostike i lechenii ékssudativnykh plevritov.

Telethoracoscopy (TT) was performed in 76 patients with exudative pleurisy of unclear etiology. A correct diagnosis was made in all (100%) cases. Tuberculosis was detected in 41 (54%) patients. In this group of patients, the results were analyzed by taking into account the duration of disease, the nature of an operation, and morphological findings. In tuberculous pleurisy, TT may be conducted at any time; however, it is most effective when an acute period subsides and an exudate begins forming. At this time (2-3 months after the onset of the disease), surgery is not diagnostic, but also remedial as sanitation of the pleural cavity with partial pleurectomy.

[Tuberculosis mortality in the megapolis]. / Smertnost' ot tuberkuleza v megapolise.

1097 lethal cases of tuberculosis were analysed by 3 groups: Moscow citizens registered or not registered in the tuberculosis dispensaries (83%) and Moscow migrants (37%). Tuberculosis was diagnosed post mortem in 18%. Clinicoanatomical forms of tuberculosis were gravest in patients not observed in the dispensaries (disseminated tuberculosis, tuberculous pneumonia, generalized hematogenic tuberculosis--80.3%, fibrocavernous tuberculosis--18.9%). The main cause of this situation is poor economical situation and non-controlled migration.

[The tuberculosis epidemic in a morphologic light]. / Epidemiia tuberkuleza v morfologicheskom osveshchenii.

Epidemiologic situation with tuberculosis is worsening in Russian Federation. Induced pathomorphosis of this disease in the course of its epidemic is presented. Unsatisfactory level of therapeutic and diagnostic measures and the necessity to develop a unified classification and records of tuberculosis are emphasized. Its complications and iatrogenic pathology are shown.

[Necessity for unification of the clinico-anatomic classification of tuberculosis]. / O neobkhodimosti unifikatsii kliniko-anatomicheskoi klassifikatsii tuberkuleza.

Critical assessment of tuberculosis classification adopted at II(XII) Congress of Phthisiatrists Association on September 7-9 1994 in Saratov as well as the section "Tuberculosis" in the International statistical classification of diseases and problems associated with health 10th reevaluation is presented. Main critical remarks are the following: organo-pathological principles of the classification, uncertainty of the definitions, ignorance of the iatrogenic conditions.

[Changes in human pulmonary receptors in tuberculosis, chronic pneumonia and cancer]. / Izmenenie retseptorov legkikh cheloveka pri tuberkuleze, khronicheskoi pnevmonii i rake.

The authors studied changes in beta- and alpha 1-adrenoceptors (beta-AC, alpha 1-AC) as well as in m-cholinoceptors in tuberculosis, pneumonia and cancer. Specimens of the lung parenchyma were obtained at thoracic surgery from 43 patients. Relevant ligands binding to the receptors was evaluated by incubation of the membrane proteins with radioligands varying in concentrations. Irrespective of the inflammation variant, beta-AC and alpha 1-AC levels were found decreased this being an correlation with the scope of fibrous and destructive involvement. The degree of the process chronicity and advance was judged from a decline in the binding parameters for beta-AC and alpha 1 AC. A dramatic fall in alpha 1 AC occurred in tuberculosis. This may be related to microcirculatory failure and vascular deformity. The levels of m-cholinoceptors underwent insignificant changes in pulmonary inflammation, whereas lung cancer displayed their sharp rise.

[State of the endometrium in patients with female genital tuberculosis according to biopsy data]. / Sostoianie éndometriia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom zhenskikh polovykh organov po materialam biopsii.

Comparison of the clinicoanatomic materials relating to 430 female patients with genital tuberculosis showed that 56 per cent of the patients had hormonal disorders among which deficiency of the cycle phase II or anovulation predominated. Variants of glandular cystic hyperplasia were the most frequent morphological equivalents of the hormonal disorders. In the morphological characteristics of the glandular cystic hyperplasia variants there were no differences in the level of gland and stroma maturity in the groups under observation. The use of the method of informative entropy in estimation of endometrium pathology provided objective morphological diagnosis and extended the diagnostic possibilities due to detecting hormonal disorders at the subclinical level which was especially important for early correction of the hormonal disorders.

[Treatment of nonspecific endobronchitis with low-intensity laser irradiation (experimental study)]. / Lechenie nespetsificheskikh endobronkhitov nizkointensivnym lazernym izlucheniem (eksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Results of endobronchial treatment of experimental purulent endobronchitis (PE) in dogs with low intensity He-Ne laser are presented. The endobronchial use of the laser energy in treatment of PE was shown expedient and valid. Comparison of the visual endoscopic picture with the findings of the histochemical and electron microscopic examination of the bronchial mucosa bioptates in the time course of the treatment provided establishment of the optimal regimen for the treatment of nonspecific PE with He-Ne laser.