[Pathomorphosis of laryngeal cancer after neutron and gamma-neutron therapy using fast neutrons of the reactor]. / Patomorfoz raka gortani pri neitronnoi i gamma-neitronnoi terapii s ispol'zovaniem bystrykh neitronov reaktora.

Studies of tumours and adjacent tissue were carried out in 29 patients with carcinoma of the larynx after preoperative irradiation with fast neurons at a total focal dose 5.6 Gy alone or in combination with gamma therapy. Pronounced pathomorphosis was established in all the cases, up to a full disappearance of the tumor in 2 patients, the degree of pathomorphosis did not depend on location, macroscopic form of growth, degree of dissemination. No changes were found in the wall of the larynx outside the tumor.

[The labeling index of parenchymal and stromal tumor cells--an index of radiosensitivity and prognosis of laryngeal cancer]. / Indeks metki kletok parenkhimy i stromy opukholi--pokazatel' radiochuvstvitel'nosti i prognoza raka gortani.

Biopsy specimens were taken from 130 laryngeal cancer patients and investigated before treatment. Autoradiography with 3H-thymidine was used to determine the labeling index (LI) of parenchymal cells and tumor stroma. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in all the cases. Altogether 41 patients were irradiated at a total focal dose of 32-40 Gy and underwent surgery. A full course of radiotherapy at a total dose of 52-60 Gy was given to 89 patients, however recurrences were detected in 38. Comparison of the therapeutic results and indices of proliferative activity of tumor cells has shown: 1. interrelationship of Ll of parenchymal cells and LlI of tumor stromal cells; 2. a tendency to correlation was revealed between indices of LI of parenchymal and stromal cells and a stage of disease; 3. correlation between a degree of a decrease in LI of parenchymal cells and completeness of tumor regression in the course of therapy was shown; 4. LI of stromal cells in the patients' tumors with resumption of tumor growth was lower (0.8) than in patients without resumed growth.

[Characteristics of the physiological functions in the operators of foundry transfer lines in the course of the work day and week]. / Osobennosti fiziologicheskikh funktsii operatorov avtomaticheskikh liteinykh linii v techenie rabochego dnia i nedeli.

The correlation analysis covered the state of the cardiovascular, hemodynamic, thermoregulatory, vegetative nervous systems, the characteristics of strength, endurance, attention, readiness to action among operators of transfer foundry lines during working days and weeks. It was shown that the main physiologic changes occurred at the initial stage, i. e., on the first day before the dinner break. To the end of the working week correlational links were established among temperature, arterial pressure, characteristics of strength, endurance, the time necessary for response and attention, thus higher intensity of the thermoregulatory system functioning being evidenced.

[Proliferative activity of laryngeal cancer and possible morphologic prognostic factors]. / Proliferativnaia aktivnsot' raka gortani i vozmozhnye morfologicheskiefaktory.

Altogether 70 patients with histologically verified laryngeal cancer were studied. An analysis of the data obtained showed that tumor proliferative activity expressed by a labeling index (LI) correlated, to a certain extent, with various structural and functional properties of a tumor, e. g. LI showed correlation with a degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma: in a nonkeratinizing type the mean LI was 8.2, in a keratinizing type 5.5. A noticeable immune response to a tumor was observed in most of the patients. However a stable tendency (p = 0.95) to a decrease in LI in marked lymphoid infiltration was revealed in nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma only. There was no correlation between LI and a degree of vascularization. The preponderance of weak vascularization was noted in keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. A decrease in LI in weak vascularization was also observed in this cancer type taking into account a degree of lymphoid infiltration. In clinical practice while designing a therapy one should bear in mind a variety of clinical, structural and biological features of a tumor.

[Proliferative activity of the cells and clinico-morphological characteristics of cancer of the larynx]. / Proliferativnaia aktivnost' kletok i kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti raka gortani.

Proliferative activity of tumor cells was measured in 107 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and found to correlate with the degree of tumor differentiation, lymphoid infiltration of the stroma, extent of blood supply, and capacity for metastatic spread. A comparison of clinical and histologic findings indicated, in particular, that the labeling index correlated with the duration and stage of the disease.

[Determination of the DNA-synthesizing cell count by the immunofluorescence method]. / Opredelenie kolichestva kletok, sinteziruiushchikh DNK, s pomoshch'iu immmunofluorestsentnogo metoda.

In DNA-synthesizing cells DNA is partially single-stranded. Anti-thymidine antibodies, while specifically reacting with this DNA, form a complex which may be revealed using indirect immunofluorescent technique. A comparative determination of DNA-synthesizing cell number in tumor tissue (larynx squamous cell carcinoma) was performed using immunofluorescent technique and radioautography. The former method showed the labeling index (LI) to vary from 1.2 to 9.9%, while the latter showed it to vary from 1.0 to 8.2%. The correlation ratio between the LI values obtained by the two techniques was 0.79. To eliminate a possible reaction of anti-thymidine antibodies with cellular RNA, specimens were preincubated in solutions with RNAase. No more than 6 hours were required to stain specimens using this LI estimation technique. This investigation allows to reveal DNA synthesizing cells not only in the periphery of a histological section, as does routinely radioautography, but also in its centre.

[Morphology of laryngeal cancer in radiotherapy combined with the use of metronidazole]. / Morfologiia raka gortani pri luchevom lechenii s primeneniem metronidazola.

The authors described clinicomorphological correlations in the evaluation of the efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy combined with metronidazole (MZ) in laryngeal cancer patients. A study was made of the tumors from 61 laryngeal cancer patients following radiation exposure at a summary dose of 20 and 32 Gy with and without MZ. Histological change of a tumor confirmed a radiosensitizing effect of MZ. However the MZ effect was not equally noticeable in tumor central and peripheral parts. Microscopic foci of the affected epithelium of the larynx and gland mucosa, muscular cells and vessels were revealed. MZ produces a stimulating effect on collagen production by fibroblasts.

[Tracheobronchography in the diagnosis of bronchial fistulas following pulmonectomy]. / Trakheobronkhografiia v diagnostike bronkhial'nykh svishchei posle pul'monéktomii

The authors present an analysis of contrast investigations of the trachea and the main bronchus stump in patients subjected to pneumonectomy (35 patients), the first group--with the presence of bronchial fistula and pleural empyema, the second group--with a suspicion to fistula in the stump. Tracheobronchography proved to be considerably more informative with respect to the diagnosis of bronchial fistula, than tracheobronchoscopy in patients of both groups. Contrast studies of the stump gave objective evidences as to the length and form of the stump, its communication with the pleural cavity, in 1/4 of patients it enabled the investigators to reveal the presence of cavaties adjacent to the stump in the mediastinum and to pinpoint further in indications to surgery. A more wide application of tracheobronchography for diagnosis of bronchial fistulas after pneumonectomy in largely advocated.