System analysis of surface CD markers during the process of granulocytic differentiation.

Plasma membrane proteins with extracellular-exposed domains are responsible for transduction of extracellular signals into intracellular responses, and their accessibility to therapeutic molecules makes them attractive targets for drug development. In this work, using omics technologies and immunochemical methods, we have studied changes in the content of markers of clusters of differentiation (CD markers) of neutrophils (CD33, CD97, CD54, CD38, CD18, CD11b, CD44, and CD71) at the level of transcripts and proteins in NB4, HL-60 and K562 cell lines, induced by the treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Transcriptomic analysis revealed the induction of CD38, CD54, CD11b, and CD18 markers as early as 3 h after the addition of the inducer in the ATRA-responsive cell lines HL-60 and NB4. After 24 h, a line-specific expression pattern of CD markers could be observed in all cell lines. Studies of changes in the content of CD antigens by means of flow cytometry and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) gave similar results. The proteomic profile of the surface markers (CD38, CD54, CD11b, and CD18), characteristic of the NB4 and HL-60 lines, reflects different molecular pathways for the implementation of ATRA-induced differentiation of leukemic cells into mature neutrophils.

[The informative value of various diagnostic methods in Itsenko-Cushing's disease]. / Informativnost razlichnykh diagnosticheskikh metodov pri bolezni Itsenko-Kushinga.

The authors studied the informative value of various diagnostic methods: ultrasonic examination (USE), computed tomography (CT), magneto-resonance tomography (MRT), phlebography with separate collection of blood from the inferior vena cava and its hormonal investigation in Itsenko-Cushing's disease (52 cases). All patient underwent operation, and because of this the changes detected in the adrenals by various diagnostic methods of examination were compared with the morphological findings. Three patients were subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy. Morphological study of the adrenals revealed diffuse hyperplasia of the cortex in 17 cases, macro- and microadenomas in hyperplasia of the adrenals in 23, and diffuse-nodular hyperplasia in 15 cases. In macroadenomatosis identification, the informative value of MRT was 77.8%, CT 66.6%, and USE 22.2%. MRT was most informative in detection of microedenomatosis and diffuse-nodular hyperplasia--82.3% of cases; the respective values for CT and USE were 71.4% and 56.5%. The quantitative parameters of the adrenal tissue were studied in MRT: relaxation time (T-2) and the value of relative signal intensity (E). The value of relative signal intensity was lower in micro-macroadenomatosis than in diffuse and diffuse-nodular hyperplasia. The use of the quantitative parameters (T-2 and E) increases the diagnostic possibilities of MRT and provides for a more authentic idea of the character of the pathological changes in the adrenal tissue. Precise verification of the pathological process in the adrenal cortex allows the optimal treatment to be chosen, adrenalectomy to be considered in time, and the side of the operation to be correctly determined.

[Hereditary deficiency of alpha 1- antitrypsin in rats due to evolving chronic lung pathology]. / Nasledstvennaia nedostatochnost alpha 1- antitripsina u krys v sviazi s problemoi razvitiia khronicheskoi patologii lëgkikh.

W/SSM rats which are characterized by hereditary abnormal changes in the lungs, hepato- and splenomegalia and some other disturbances have also alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. A study of AAT in these rats by means of isoelectrofocusing and immunoblotting with anti-AAT antibodies labelled with peroxidase has demonstrated that deficiency of the protease inhibitor is not associated with any disturbances of its synthesis or any changes of its electrophoretic properties. A higher activity of lysosomal glycosidases and proteinases was found in the liver and leukocytes of W/SSM rats. It is suggested that AAT deficiency is due to its modification under the influence of lysosomal enzymes. The described biochemical distances seem to be associated with an increased hexose transport into the cells, which is controlled by a mutant gene.