ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To create a complex computerized method of objectification of dizziness and vertigo, and differentiation of vestibulopathies of various geneses using electrooculography approach that allows to record and analyze spontaneous, vestibular- and visually-induced eye movements, with the following classification (discriminant) analysis of the results obtained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 69 patients of different sex and age complained of dizziness, vertigo and disequilibrium, and 64 healthy men. Based on the results of clinical examination, patients were divided into three groups: patients with peripheral vestibulopathy, patients with central vestibulopathy and patients with psychogenic vestibulopathy. Electrooculography was performed using the hardware-software complex (HSC) "OCULOSTIM-CM". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant diagnostic parameters based on the recognition and analysis of spontaneous, vestibular- and visually-induced eye movements were coefficients of efficacy and increased frequency of fixation saccades and smooth pursuit with- and without retinal optokinetic stimulation. We developed the algorithm and complex computerized method for differentiation of different types of vestibulopathy.
Subject(s)
Dizziness/diagnosis , Pursuit, Smooth , Saccades , Vertigo/diagnosis , Vestibular Neuronitis/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Dizziness/physiopathology , Electrooculography/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Software , Vertigo/physiopathology , Vestibular Neuronitis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the main defense mechanism in plants to fight various pathogens including viruses. The best-studied example of virus-induced PCD in plants is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-elicited hypersensitive response in tobacco plants containing the N resistance gene. It was previously reported that the animal mitochondrial protein Bcl-xL, which lacks a homolog in plants, effectively suppresses plant PCD induced by TMV p50 - the elicitor of hypersensitive response in Nicotiana tabacum carrying the N gene. Our studies show that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 effectively suppresses p50-induced PCD in tobacco plants. On the other hand, SkQ1 did not affect Poa semilatent virus TGB3-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is followed by PCD, in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. These data suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 can be used to study molecular mechanisms of PCD suppression in plants.
