[Traumatic damage to the diaphragm in children]. / Travmaticheskie povrezhdeniya diafragmy u detei.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze treatment outcomes in children with traumatic injuries of the diaphragm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We followed-up 14 children aged 3-18 years with traumatic injuries of the diaphragm. Diagnostic measures included anamnesis, physical examination, pleural and abdominal puncture, bladder catheterization, ultrasound and X-ray examination including CT. RESULTS: Traumatic brain injury and thoracoabdominal trauma prevailed in children with traumatic injuries of the diaphragm. In 8 children, diaphragm injury was the result of a traffic accident. Of these, 5 ones died at the scene due to traumatic brain injury. In 3 children, diaphragm injury was associated with penetration of an iron pin through the perineum, pelvic cavity, abdominal and chest cavities when falling from a height (n=1) and sledding (n=2). Two children were littered with a pile of bricks and building materials. One girl suffered a diaphragm injury as a result of a stab wound. CONCLUSION: Combined damage to the diaphragm, TBI, chest and abdominal organs are serious injuries. Signs of shock, internal bleeding, respiratory failure and bone fractures come to the fore. Assistance to these children should be carried out in specialized hospitals.

[Ways of nutritional value increasing of distillary grain fiber].

In the process of grain processing for ethyl alcohol, practically only carbohydrates are consumed, which are presented mainly in the form of starch. The remaining components (protein, fats, fiber, minerals) in transit pass into the grain fiber remaining after distillation of the alcohol from the mash. Distillery grain fiber surpasses wheat bran in its indicators, since during the processing it is enriched with biomass of alcohol yeast. In addition, there is a technological possibility of its additional enrichment with protein, amino acids, and vitamins due to changes in the modes of alcoholic fermentation. The aim of the work was to assess the influence of the mode and conditions of alcoholic fermentation on the composition of distillery grain fiber. Material and methods. Under laboratory conditions, samples of grain fiber of alcohol production were obtained by the method of fermentation samples from wheat under various fermentation conditions. In the obtained samples, the following parameters were determined: protein according to Barnstein, crude protein, vitamins B1, B2, B6, E, as well as the amino acid composition. The volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, the mass concentration of fermentable carbohydrates, and the concentration of yeast cells were determined in intermediate products of alcohol production. Results and discussion. Studies on the effect of yeast from various manufacturers on fermentation rates, biomass growth and grain fiber composition showed the advantage of race Y-717 in terms of alcohol accumulation (11.5% vol.), Fermentation rate (56 hours) and yeast cell concentration (260 million/cm3), which was 15-30% more than in other options. However, from the point of view of increasing the content of protein according to Barnstein and crude protein in samples of grain fiber with yeast Y-717, an increase of only 3-4% was noted compared with other options. This was associated with a decrease in the concentration of yeast by 72 h of fermentation due to autolysis. Studies on the influence of the initial yeast concentration on the growth of biomass, the fermentation rate and grain fiber indices showed that with an increase in the initial yeast concentration from 15 to 45 million/cm3, the fermentation time reduced to 48 h, the biomass growth at the end of fermentation was 20%, the protein in grain fiber increased by 15%, the content of vitamins B1, B2, B6 and E as well as amino acids increased by 13-17%. Conclusion. According to the results of the studies, the technological possibility of enriching distillery grain fiber with protein, amino acids, and vitamins due to a change in the fermentation process during the processing of grain raw materials to alcohol is shown. In particular, this could be achieved through the use of yeast with a high growth rate, by increasing the concentration of yeast biomass, shortening the fermentation period and preventing yeast autolysis at the maturation stage.

[NEUROBLASTOMA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS].

Neuroblastoma the most common malignant tumor of childhood, which is often localized in the retroperitoneal space, mainly in the adrenal glands, paravertebral retroperitoneal space, at rare in the posterior mediastinum, in the neck, presacral area. First symptoms of neuroblastoma are nonspecific, mimic various diseases. In the following clinical manifestations depend on the localization of the tumor, stage presence and location of metastases. In the diagnosis of neuroblastoma using ultrasonography and computed tomography. Of the 26 children whose neuroblastoma detected in different periods have died 12. Radical removal of the tumor only effective the first year of life. Chemotherapy is effective in 50% of operated children.

Cluster analysis of the origins of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus.

In March and April 2009, a new strain of influenza A(H1N1) virus has been isolated in Mexico and the United States. Since the initial reports more than 10,000 cases have been reported to the World Health Organization, all around the world. Several hundred isolates have already been sequenced and deposited in public databases. We have studied the genetics of the new strain and identified its closest relatives through a cluster analysis approach. We show that the new virus combines genetic information related to different swine influenza viruses. Segments PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP and NS are related to swine H1N2 and H3N2 influenza viruses isolated in North America. Segments NA and M are related to swine influenza viruses isolated in Eurasia.

Melting of DNA double strand after binding to geroprotective tetrapeptide.

Experimental relationship between the hyperchromic effect of DNA [poly(dA-dT):poly(dA-dT)] interacting with Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide is presented by a saturation isotherm. The free DNA double strand is melting (the strands separate) at 69.5 degrees C and at higher energy expenditures (enthalpy increase by 976.4 kJ/mol b.p.) in comparison with melting of the DNA-peptide complex (28 degrees C and 444.6 kJ/mol b.p.). The detected regularities of melting of duplex DNA and the thermodynamic parameters of this process indicate the natural mechanism of interaction between DNA and regulatory peptides underlying functioning of the living matter.

Molecular mechanism of interaction between oligopeptides and double-stranded DNA.

Formation of Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide complex with duplex DNA [poly(dA-dT):poly(dA-dT)] at neutral pH and ambient temperature was studied experimentally. Peptide binding to duplex DNA was associated with hyperchromic effect indicating local separation of the double helix. Energies of paired interactions between amino acid residues and nucleotide bases were compared with the energy of bond between two bases in the nucleotide pair (dA-dT). A new concept of interaction between two types of information-carrying molecules is put forward. This interaction underlies triggering of protein synthesis mechanism and can explain the emergence of life on the Earth.

Combinations of protein-disulfide isomerase domains show that there is little correlation between isomerase activity and wild-type growth.

Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) has five domains: a, b, b', a' and c, all of which except c have a thioredoxin fold. A single catalytic domain (a or a') is effective in catalyzing oxidation of a reduced protein but not isomerization of disulfides (Darby, N. J., and Creighton, T. E. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11725-11735). To examine the structural basis for this oxidase and isomerase activity of PDI, shuffled domain mutants were generated using a method that should be generally applicable to multidomain proteins. Domains a and a' along with constructs ab, aa', aba', ab'a' display low disulfide isomerase activity, but all show significant reactivity with mammalian thioredoxin reductase, suggesting that the structure is not seriously compromised. The only domain order that retains significant isomerase activity has the b' domain coupled to the N terminus of the a' domain. This b'a'c has 38% of the isomerase activity of wild-type PDI, equivalent to the activity of full-length PDI with one of the active sites inactivated by mutation (Walker, K. W., Lyles, M. M., and Gilbert, H. F. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 1972-1980). Individual a and a' domains, despite their very low isomerase activities in vitro, support wild-type growth of a pdi1Delta Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain yeast. Thus, most of the PDI structure is dispensable for its essential function in yeast, and high-level isomerase activity appears not required for viability or rapid growth.