ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is as follows: To evaluate the dental and skeletal changes of the AdvanSync 2 appliance.To evaluate the soft tissue changes of the AdvanSync 2 appliance using photometric analysis. METHODS: The sample size consisted of 15 patients who reported to the Department of Orthodontics, seeking fixed orthodontic treatment. The effects of the AdvanSync 2 appliance were measured at two intervals. RESULTS: After the nine months, P values were observed to be less than 0.5, therefore statistically significant for parameters such as Sella-Nasion-Point A (SNA), Condylion-Point A (CO-A), University of Witwatersrand, Condylion-Gnathion (C0-Gn), point A-Nasion-Point B (ANB), Upper incisor-Point A (UI-A) (degree), LI-B (mm), Lower lip to Esthetic plane (LL-E plane), nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, facial angle, and L lip to the chin. P values were however observed to be greater than 0.5, therefore statistically insignificant for parameters such as sella-Nasion-Point B (SNB), Condylion -gonion (C0-Go), UI A (mm), LI B (mm), UL-EPL, H LINE, Frankfurt mandibular plane (FMA), nose tip angle, nasofrontal angle, nasomental angle, upper lip angle, and U lip to the chin. CONCLUSIONS: AdvanSync 2 appliance brought about a change in Class II malocclusions through Co-Gn, Co-Go, ANB, FMA, UI-A (degree), UI A (linear) LI B (linear), Upper lip to Esthetic plane, LL-E plane, Holdaway LINE, nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, nasofrontal angle, nasomental angle, facial angle, upper lip angle, U lip to chin, L lip to the chin after nine months of appliance delivery. MAIN POINTS: AdvanSync 2 normalized class II by an increase in the length and body of the mandible.AdvanSync 2 has a restraining effect on the growth of the maxilla.AdvanSync 2 brings about positive soft tissue changes.The major disadvantage is the proclination of the lower incisors.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The present study aims at evaluating the effects of a customized mandibular repositioning appliance on the pharyngeal airway, nocturnal sleep patterns, daytime discomfort and occlusal changes in established cases of adult obstructive sleep apnoea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients with a complaint of snoring and disturbed sleep were included in the study. The primary diagnosis was established by the Epworth sleepiness scale, clinical examination, history and subsequently the diagnosis was substantiated through assessment of the pharyngeal airway space on a lateral cephalogram and polysomnography. A customized mandibular repositioning appliance was used to advance the mandible sequentially every 6 months, using 4 sets of the appliance. Pre and post-treatment evaluations were performed to establish, effects and changes in the outcome of obstructive sleep apnoea. RESULTS: The study revealed significant increase in the mean pharyngeal widths of upper airway and velum dimension with antero-superior repositioning of hyoid bone. Epworth sleepiness scale score improved significantly from baseline with clinically evident change in daytime discomforts. Significant decline in the mean apnoea/hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, respiratory disturbance index, heart rate, snoring and a significant increase in mean oxygen saturation of arterial blood was observed. No evident change noticed in occlusion except lower incisor inclination. CONCLUSION: The customized mandibular repositioning appliances are effective in the management of adult obstructive sleep apnoea with a significant improvement observed in the airway patency and polysomnography parameters with clinically non-significant effects on dental occlusion..
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A major concern of orthodontic patients is treatment time. Reducing the treatment time requires increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Research has proved that bone resorption is the rate-limiting step in tooth movement. Therefore, any procedure that potentiates osteoclastic activity is capable of increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Low-level laser has been indicated to have the capability to facilitate the differentiation of the osteoclastic and osteoblastic cells, which are responsible for the bone remodeling process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the low-level laser therapy can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement during en masse retraction. METHOD: The study was a split-mouth design. The experimental side was exposed to biostimulation using 810 nm gallium-aluminium-arsenide diode laser. A total of 10 irradiations for 10 s per site were given 5 on the buccal side and 5 on the palatal side of the tooth. The total energy density at each application was 10 J with an interappointment gap of 3 weeks. The retraction was carried using a constant force of 150 gm. A digital vernier caliper measurement was used to measure the distance between the contact points of the maxillary canine and second premolar on 1st and 84th day. RESULTS: The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was faster on the experimental side, and the difference between the two sides was statistically significant (P < 0.014). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that biostimulation carried out using an 810 nm diode laser is capable of increasing the rate of extraction space closure. Hence, it is capable of increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Orthodontic forces are known to produce mechanical damage and inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs) and interleukin (IL)-1, in the periodontium and dental pulp. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a stimulator of the on-going biological process in tissue and found to be effective in modulating cell activity, which is involved in orthodontic tooth movement. Here, a humble effort has been made to study two such cytokines, namely IL-1 ß and PG E2 (PGE2) which are partially responsible for bone turnover. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes occurring in the values of IL-1 ß and PGE2 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during en masse retraction with and without LLLT. METHODOLOGY: GCF was collected using micropipettes from the distal ends of upper canines. The experimental side was exposed to biostimulation using 810 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser and the contralateral side taken as control. A total of 10 irradiations for 10 s per site were given, five on the buccal side and five on the palatal side, to cover the entire periodontal fibers and the alveolar process around the tooth. After 7 days and 21 days of retraction, GCF sample was collected. Quantitative analysis of IL-1 ß and PGE2 in the GCF samples was assessed using a commercially available Raybiotech® IL-1 ß and Human PGE2. RESULTS: (1) IL-1 ß and PGE2 levels showed significant results from baseline to 21 days after LLLT irradiation. (2) LLLT-assisted retraction was significantly faster than conventional retraction. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded from the study that IL-1 ß and PGE2 levels peaked after LLLT. The difference in the levels of both cytokines was statistically significant.
