Possible Interference in Protein - Protein interaction as a new approach in microinhibition of respiratory pathogens on nasal- oral epithelium: An early on-screen study with reference toSARS-Cov-2-ACE2 binding interference

Upper and lower respiratory pathogens - both microbes and viruses -are responsible for very high morbidity, man-hour loss, residual long term clinical conditions and even mortality. In india only, high incidence of annual respiratory infections - both UT and LT - demands prophylactic intervention in addition to all therapeutic interventions available.The issue of respiratory infections is more pronounced now in the backdrop of nearly uncontrolled high incidences of SARS-Cov-2 affection resulting in death and damage of human lives to the extent of hundreds of millions spreading over entire world, with incidence variations from country to country. After the initial unanswered phase of spread of SARS-Cov-2 virus with attendant unseen mortalities, quickest invention of a series of unusual vaccines have stemmed the lethal progress to a very significant extent, although vaccinating each and every human subject - nearly 8 to 9 bn in supremely divided world -economically-- is an unthinkable proposition where economic disparity dictates vaccine availability and implementation.Moreover, being of highly unstable nucleic acid composition, the original virus, by now has a thick set of variants around the globe with variable clinical outcome. Given this complex background of scanty availability and inefficient implementation, there always is a need of a preventive approach which can possibly micro-fix the pathogens, including SARS-2 on nasal epithelium so as to interfere with viral [or any pathogen] entry through specified receptor gate[s] or any other ways. The present formulation is under study -- as a candidate of interference on nasal / oral mucosa for all respiratory pathogens. This brief report describes dry on-screen studies of protein - protein interaction as well as its possible interference by an amino acid Lysine. Phospholipid bilayerresponses in presence of added loads of the same essential amino acid -Lysine - showed unusual and unexplained behavior both in structural integrity as well in spatial orientation.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Kyllinga nemoralis (Hutch & Dalz) rhizomes.

AIM OF STUDY: In view of the use of rhizomes of Kyllinga nemoralis L., against hepatopathy in ethnomedicine the present study was aimed at evaluating the hepatoprotective activity of the rhizomes of Kyllinga nemoralis against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by carbon tetrachloride and olive oil (50%, v/v). i.p. ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Kyllinga nemoralis rhizomes were administered to the experimental rats (100 and 200mg/kg, p.o. for seven days). The hepatoprotective effect of these extracts was evaluated by the assay of liver function biochemical parameters and histopathological studies of the liver compared with silymarin. RESULTS: Both extracts showed significant hepatoprotection when compared to control, similar to standard silymarin. Histology of liver sections also revealed that the extracts protected liver from injury. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified a plant with potential hepatoprotective constituents which will be isolated and characterized in future.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was assayed from six species belonging to different families traditionally used for the treatment of gout and related symptoms by indigenous people of India. The aqueous, methanol-water mixture and methanolic extract of these plants were used for the experiment. Of the 18 extracts assayed, 14 extracts demonstrated xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity at 100 microg/ml, among which 10 extracts showed an inhibition greater than 50% and IC(50) values below 100 microg/ml. The methanolic extracts of Coccinia grandis, Datura metel, Strychnos nux-vomica and Vitex negundo showed more than 50% inhibition, hence, they were screened for their in vivo hypouricaemic activity against potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricaemia in mice. Methanolic extracts of Coccinia grandis and Vitex negundo showed a significant decrease in the serum urate level (3.90+/-0.07 mg/dl, P<0.001) and (6.26+/-0.06 mg/dl, P<0.01), respectively, when compared to hyperuricaemic control (11.42+/-0.14 mg/dl). This effect is almost similar to the serum urate level of allopurinol (3.89+/-0.07 mg/dl).