ABSTRACT
Background. Malaria's prevalence during pregnancy varies widely in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of mother-to-child malaria transmission during childbirth at St. Camille Medical Centre in the city of Ouagadougou. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-eight (238) women and their newborns were included in the study. Women consenting to participate in this study responded to a questionnaire that identified their demographic characteristics. Asymptomatic malaria infection was assessed by rapid detection test Acon (Acon Malaria Pf, San Diego, USA) and by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick and thin smears from peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood. Birth weights were recorded and the biological analyses of mothers and newborns' blood were also performed. Results. The utilization of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) were 86.6% and 84.4%, respectively. The parasitic infection rates of 9.5%, 8.9%, and 2.8% were recorded, respectively, for the peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood. Placental infection was strongly associated with the presence of parasites in the maternal peripheral blood and a parasite density of >1000 parasites/µL. Conclusion. The prevalence of congenital malaria was reduced but was associated with a high rate of mother-to-child malaria transmission.
ABSTRACT
This work investigated the possibility of using the biodegradable gentamicin-monoolein-water gels as models, in order to obtain a similar sustained release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Four gels containing antibiotics were prepared and were examined with regard to their physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release characteristics. Ciprofloxacin, unlike gentamicin, which was dissolved in the matrix, was in dispersed form. However, despite its insolubility, microscopic observation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction showed that the developed gel was in the cubic liquid crystalline structure and have maintained their ability to progressively release ciprofloxacin. ciprofloxacin-monoolein-water (5:80:15% w/w), which released in vitro approximately 85% of ciprofloxacin after 16 days could possibly be considered as an alternative to a gentamicin-monoolein-water gel for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
ABSTRACT
Many works have demonstrated the real potential of gentamicin-monoolein-water formulations as bioresorbable and sustained-release implants for the local treatment of the chronic osteomyelitis. In order to improve the efficacy of this type of implant, the incorporation of hydroxyapatite, a well-known osteointegrator material, is thought to be an interesting approach. Five formulations incorporating 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% of hydroxyapatite were examined with regard to their physicochemical and in vitro drug release characteristics. The rheological, thermal (differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric diffraction analysis), X-ray diffraction, and dissolution studies have showed that the presence of hydroxyapatite does not dramatically disturb the cubic liquid crystalline structure of the monoolein-water gel and their ability to progressively release the antibiotic. Implant 20% that was capable to release gentamicin sulfate over a period of four weeks without marked burst effect could be used as a more suitable biodegradable delivery system for the local management of chronic osteomyelitis.
