Evaluation of factors influencing accuracy of virtual surgical planning in orthognatic surgery.

Three-dimensional virtual surgical planning has become routine practice in orthognatic and reconstructive surgery for the possibility to realize presurgical evaluation of intraoperative bones movements, the prediction of postoperative results and the high level of accuracy. Thanks to surface superimposition between 3D planned and 3D postoperative model of maxillo-facial skeleton, a medium discrepancy less than 1 mm was found in scientific literature, considering 15 different points of maxillofacial skeleton. In our study we decided to evaluate different factors that could invalidate that result in the same cohort of patients, such as sex, kind of dentofacial deformity, asymmetry, type of surgical approach and entity of maxillo-mandibular movements (more or less than 1 mm). We found out no significant differences among groups. We can state that virtual surgical planning and 3D surgical splints are a valid means of diagnosis, treatment and predictivity regardless factors that could influence post-operative results. In conclusion, virtual surgical planning and 3D surgical splints facilitated diagnosis, treatment planning and accuracy regardless of sex, dentofacial deformity class, surgery techniques, entity of advancement and asymmetry.

Investigation of Campylobacter in reared game birds.

A total of 103 pooled samples of neck skin and meat from pigeons for the table and neck skin of pheasant were analyzed bacteriologically to determine the presence of Campylobacter. Colonies suspected of being Campylobacter were grown from 15.8% of pigeon neck skin samples, 12.5% of pigeon meat samples, and 50% of pheasant neck skin samples after culturing, and in 6.9% of pigeon neck skin samples (4 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(3) CFU/g) assessed quantitatively without preculturing. PCR confirmed the presence of Campylobacter spp. in 5.26 and 3.44% of samples of pigeon neck skin and meat, respectively. Species identified from pigeon neck skin samples by PCR were C. jejuni (3 of 3) and C. coli (1 of 3); no C. lari was identified. No species were identified by PCR in pheasant neck skin. We conclude that the small number of Campylobacter-positive pigeon samples presents a low risk of Campylobacter infection to Italian consumers, particularly since pigeon is always well cooked before consumption, although there is always the possibility of cross-contamination with raw or insufficiently cooked foods particularly during food preparation.

A preliminary trial using multi-target polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on the same feedstuffs to detect tissues of animal origin.

A preliminary study using multi-target polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was done on the same feedstuffs to detect animal tissues. The results of the two methods differ somewhat: PCR-RFLP did not detect any signal in any sample, but multiplex PCR detected a signal in one sample. These findings could be a basis for further investigations.

Post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the ankle and foot: a study of 32 cases.

The etiopathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is still undefined, and diagnosis and treatment are difficult. It is the purpose of this study to propose precise diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the ankle and foot. Diagnosis is pre-eminently clinical. Clinical progression of the disease occurs in three stages: acute, dystrophic, chronic. Radiographic examination cannot be used to classify the stage of the syndrome. Bone scan with Tc 99M methylendiphosphonate aids diagnosis, and helps establish the prognosis of the disease. Clinical symptoms and instrumental tests (x-ray, bone scan, CT scan, MRI) are discussed in relation to differential diagnosis with other pathologies of the ankle and foot. Furthermore, the effective use of drugs, physiokinesitherapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy is discussed. The authors present a study of 32 patients, paying close attention to early clinical signs of the disease. X-ray examination and bone scan were routinely carried out in established diagnostic protocols.

The chondroepitrochlearis muscle: case report.

An extremely rare muscle disorder in the pectoral region is described. It involves a musculotendinous unit which originates from the pectoralis major and inserts onto the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The authors report a case of an 11-year-old boy, affected bilaterally, who underwent surgical treatment to lengthen the chondroepitrochlearis muscle. There was significant cosmetic and functional improvement.

[The treatment of pathologic calcification of shoulder tendons with E.D.T.A. bisodium salt by mesotherapy]. / Il trattamento delle tendinopatie calcifiche di spalla con E.D.T.A. sale bisodico per via mesoterapica.

The Authors treated at the Physiotherapy Service of the Clinic Orthopedic in Parma, 31 patients affected by shoulder's calcific tendonpathie++ were treated with E.D.T.A. bisodium salt they were painful and showed functional restriction besides they all shared a crystal's hydroxyapatite deposition. It was considered the pain by the Scott-Huskisson analogous--visual scale and the radiographic variation of calcification. It was noticed that with minimum pharmacological doses satisfying therapeutical results were achieved. That was not only as far as pain was concerned (disappeared in 29 patients (93.5%), but it was also obtained a significant reduction (4 patients 13%) or in some cases the disappearing of calcifications (25 patients 80%).

Critical review of infantile fibrous dysplasia: surgical treatment.

A critical review of the surgical treatment of 65 patients with infantile fibrous dysplasia demonstrated that "circumscribed" types of the disease generally do not require surgical treatment, while "extended" types, as well as Albright's syndrome, require early surgical treatment aimed at preventing development of skeletal deformities which are difficult to correct later. Prophylactic intramedullary nailing with nails of suitable caliber is most effective.

Smoked tuna, sliced and vacuum packed, a relatively new product.

The possibility of storing vacuum packed, smoked and sliced tuna fish was studied. The microbiological and chemical analyses demonstrated that hygienic conditions and organoleptic properties remain unaltered after storage at 5 degrees C for 60 days.

Traumatic dislocation of the hip in children and adolescents.

The authors carried out a long-term review of 22 children and adolescents treated for traumatic dislocation and fracture dislocation of the hip with a view to ascertaining the factors responsible for unsatisfactory results. They considered the age of the patient, the severity of the trauma, the presence of associated fractures of the acetabular rim, the method of reduction, the time between injury and reduction, and the time between reduction and full weight-bearing. They stress the importance of early recognition of bone or soft tissue fragments included in the joint after closed reduction and immediate operation to remove them. Displaced fragments of the acetabular rim fracture should also be fixed. They also consider it important not to allow full weight-bearing until full hip movement has been restored, whatever the age of the patient and the time necessary to achieve it.

Long term results of triradiate osteotomy of the pelvis. A follow-up study of 26 hips.

The authors reviewed 26 hips in 21 patients treated by triple osteotomy of the pelvis for the sequelae of congenital dysplasia or congenital dislocation of the hip. The minimum follow-up was 3 years, maximum 6 years. The clinical condition remained constant over this period. Pain, if present before operation, was either improved or disappeared. The Trendelenburg limp was either unchanged or improved. Reduction of range of hip movement was very rare. There was 0.5 cms lengthening of the leg compared with the pre-operative state. The post-operative radiographic parameters were unchanged over the follow-up period. These included the acetabular roof angle (C.E. angle), Hilgenreiner's roof angle, the neck/shaft angle, and anterior coverage of the femoral head. In about one third of the cases, however, there was deterioration in centralization.

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. (A review of 19 cases).

Nineteen cases of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica are presented. Eleven were single and 8 were multiple. The writers illustrate the clinical and radiographic aspects of this condition, and stress the importance of surgical treatment as soon as the first clinical symptoms appear.

Trochanteroplasty in the treatment of infantile septic arthritis of the hip.

The aim of the present contribution is to explore the possible surgical solution of the problem of dislocation of the hip secondary to infantile septic arthritis, particularly in the form in which the femoral head is totally destroyed. The operation of trochanteroplasty is based on transposing the intact epiphysis of the great trochanter to act as a new femoral head and subsequently restoring the correct anatomical alignment by a trochanteric adduction osteotomy. Sixteen cases so treated over the 11 year period from 1969 to 1980 are reported.

[Restoration of the opposition of the thumb in paralysis of the median nerve]. / Il ripristino dell'opposizione del pollice nelle paralisi del nervo mediano.

The preferable operation for dynamic renewal in cases of inveterate paralysis of median nerve (where nervous recovery through grafting is impossible) is carried out by transferring to the thumb the sublimis flexor of the fourth finger, basically using S. Bunnell's technique. Condition for operation's success is the integrity of short extensor and especially of the longus abductor, which, nerved by the radial, help to place before thumb's column. The authors discuss the results of eight cases checked from two and five years after the operation. The best results have been achieved in cases of low isolated paralysis of the median nerve.

The treatment of congenital constricting bands by Ombredanne's two stage operation. Review of 13 cases.

The authors report their experience in the treatment of congenital constricting bands by Ombrédanne's two stage operation. Fourteen bands completely encircled the limb and 2 were incomplete. The patients were followed up from 6 months to 15 years (average 3 years) and in all cases the results were excellent. The literature on the pathogenesis is reviewed.

Surgical treatment of metatarsus varus during the growth period.

The writers describe their experience in the treatment of congenital metatarsus varus. They describe an original technique for anterior transfer or shortening of peroneus brevis which they consider to be indicated when the varus deformity is less than 15 degrees and is correctable manually. They also describe Heyman's technique and give their results in twenty-five cases. They consider that this operation is indicated only for varus deformity of the forefoot exceeding 15 degrees which is correctable manually. In both these techniques it is essential that the hindfoot should be in the correct midline axis. Where manual correction of the hindfoot is not possible they advise Dillwyn Evans' operation. In varus deformity of the 1st metatarsal exceeding 15 degrees, and not correctable manually, they suggest osteotomy of the base of this bone, displacing it the correct degree and fixing it with a wedge of homoplastic bone inserted into the gap.

Results in the late treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.

The results obtained in the treatment of seventeen cases of long established (more than six years) congenital dislocation of the hip are reported. They were followed up for one to five years after operation. The writers consider osteotomy to correct leg length discrepancy to be unnecessary. Triradial osteotomy of the pelvis ensures optimal epiphyseal coverage and permits moderate lengthening of the limb. In the writers' experience, osteochondrosis is not related to the type of osteotomy, nor to operations to produce leg lengthening; it can be avoided by the use of prolonged post-operative traction.