[Ecological Stoichiometry of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Subtropical Paddy Soils].

This study aims to understand the existence of stable soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) ratios in paddy soil. Based on a field soil survey database, the ecological stoichiometry of the C:N:P ratio of 110 subtropical paddy soil profiles and 587 genetic horizons were analyzed at a regional scale. Relevant analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) are used to study the relationships between C:N:P ratios and soil-environmental factors (topography, parent materials, soil genetic horizons, soil groups, soil physical, and chemical properties). The results showed that the weighted averages of C:N, C:P, and N:P in paddy soils of subtropical regions were 12.6, 49, and 3.9, respectively, and C:N:P was 38:3.2:1. The C:N of paddy soil did not vary significantly with parent materials, soil groups, or genetic horizons. However, the C:P and N:P variations were significantly different, and the mean values of the two were much lower than global ratios (186 and 13.1) and average levels of C:P and N:P in Chinese soils (136 and 9.3). Although the C:N:P ratio in the paddy soil profile was relatively unstable, the topsoil C:N (14.2) was relatively stable due to the strong interaction between the topsoil and the environment. This reflects the close coupling of C and N in the topsoil of paddy fields under long-term anthrostagnic maturation. However, in the paddy soil profile, C:P and N:P were not stable, and there was no significant correlation between soil organic carbon (SOC) and total P content, total N, or total P content, which suggests that environmental changes may lead to soil C:N:P decoupling. It was found that topography, soil texture, iron oxide, and bulk density are all key soil-environmental factors that regulate the soil profile of rice paddy C:N:P.

Two new ent-kaurane diterpenes from the stems of Eurya chinensis.

Two new ent-kaurane diterpenes (1-2), together with five known analogs, were isolated from the stems of Eurya chinensis. The structures of new compounds were established by extensive analysis of mass spectrometric and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 3 exhibited noticeable anti-inflammatory activity as denoted by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 7.82 µM. Compound 4 showed potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines NCI-H46, HepG2 and SW480 with IC50 values ranging from 7.45 to 8.54 µM.

A new ent-kaurane diterpene derivative from the stems of Eurya chinensis R.Br.

One new ent-kaurane diterpene derivative (1), along with four known diterpenes, was isolated from the stems of Eurya chinensis R.Br. The structure of the new compound was established by extensive analysis of mass spectrometric and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 value of 8.12 µM. This is the first example of diterpenoids with 4-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-hydroxyl-cyclohexanoyl substituent.

Yangonindimers A-C, three new kavalactone dimers from Piper methysticum (kava).

Three new kavalactone dimers, designated as yangonindimers A-C (1-3), along with one known analogue were isolated from the roots of Piper methysticum. Their structures were elucidated via extensive analysis of their 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. All these dimers possess a skeleton featuring a cyclobutane ring connecting two kavalactone units. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human tumour cell lines NCI-H46, SW480 and HepG2, but none showed significant activity.

Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial coumarins from the stems of Eurya chinensis.

Two new coumarins, named (±)-euryacoumarin A (1) and 6-demethylobtusinin (2), and one new natural coumarin, named euryacoumarin B (3), along with two known compounds, scopoletin (4) and obtusinol (5), were isolated from the stems of Eurya chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with data reported in the literatures. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 35.64 ± 1.73 µM, and showed marginal antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus with MIC values of 50.59 ± 2.12 and 35.42 ± 0.96 µM, respectively.

[Chemical Constituents from Mitrasacme pygmaea].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Mitrasacme pygmaea. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structure were identified by NMR and MS,and comparison spectral data with literature. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as tricin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 1),massonianoid A( 2),kaempferol( 3),cinnamic acid( 4),quercetin( 5),tiliroside( 6),tricin( 7),ß-sitosterol( 8),adenosine( 9),α-tocopherolquinone( 10)and ß-daucosterol( 11). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from this genus for the first time.

[Chemical constituents from flowers of Gardenia jasminoides].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from flowers of Gardenia jasminoides. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques (NMR) and physicochemical properties. RESULTS: 15 compounds were isolated from flowers of G. jasminoides, and identified as 5, 7, 3'-trihydroxy-6, 4', 5'-trimethoxyflavone (1), 5, 7, 3', 5'- tetrahydroxy-6, 4'-dymethoxyflavone (2), kaempferol (3), quercetin (4), 3beta,23- dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 3beta,19alpha-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), 3beta,19alpha,23-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (7), emodin (8), physcion (9), crocin-I (10), beta-daucosterol (11), beta-sitosterol (12), stearic acid (13), palmitic acid (14), oleic acid (15). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 - 15 are isolated from flowers of G. jasminoides and compounds 5 and 6 are isolated from genus Gardenia for the first time.