ABSTRACT
Enhancing root development is pivotal for boosting crop yield and augmenting stress resilience. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) on lettuce root growth, comparing their impact with that of indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt (IBAP). Treatment with XOS led to a substantial increase in root dry weight (30.77%), total root length (29.40%), volume (21.58%), and surface area (25.44%) compared to the water-treated control. These enhancements were on par with those induced by IBAP. Comprehensive phytohormone profiling disclosed marked increases in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), methyl jasmonate (JA-ME), and brassinosteroids (BRs) following XOS application. Through RNA sequencing, we identified 3807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the roots of XOS-treated plants, which were significantly enriched in pathways associated with manganese ion homeostasis, microtubule motor activity, and carbohydrate metabolism. Intriguingly, approximately 62.7% of the DEGs responsive to XOS also responded to IBAP, underscoring common regulatory mechanisms. However, XOS uniquely influenced genes related to cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, as well as plant hormone signal transduction, hinting at novel mechanisms of stress tolerance. Prominent up-regulation of genes encoding beta-glucosidase and beta-fructofuranosidase highlights enhanced carbohydrate metabolism as a key driver of XOS-induced root enhancement. Collectively, these results position XOS as a promising, sustainable option for agricultural biostimulation.
ABSTRACT
In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of H2S injection on the capacity of CO2's solubility trapping and mineral trapping. Results demonstrated that the preferential dissolution of H2S gas into brine (compared with pure CO2) resulted in the decrease of pH, consequently inhibiting the CO2's solubility trappings to some extent. Then, the lower pH droved more severe corrosion of primary minerals, favored more secondary mineral to be formed. In addition, the discovery of pyrite demonstrated that H2S could precipitate by the formation of sulfide mineral trapping. As the secondary carbon sink minerals, ankerite and dawsonite were observed in the pure CO2-brine-sandstone interaction. However, there were no secondary carbonates found through the SEM images and EDS analyses, implied that the injection of H2S probably may partially inhibit the precipitation of Fe-bearing carbonate minerals such as ankerite in the CO2-H2S-brine-sandstone interaction in this short term experiments.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide , Carbon Sequestration , Carbonates , Minerals , SolubilityABSTRACT
Monodisperse oleic acid stabilized pure NaYF(4) nanoparticles with controlled size and shape have been successfully synthesized by changing the initial reaction temperature. Transparent nanocomposite thin films consisting of NaYF(4):Yb, Er (Tm) upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) and fluorocarbon resin (FC) are deposited on the slide glass by dip-coating method. The results show that these nanocomposite thin films exhibit intense green and blue upconversion photoluminescence under 980 nm laser excitation and higher transparency than blank substrate. The NaYF(4):Yb,Er (Tm) nanoparticles and NaYF(4):Yb,Er (Tm)/FC nanocomposite thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM/back-scattered electron (BSE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UVPC), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. These nanocomposite thin films can be potentially used in solar cells field.
