Erratum: [Corrigendum] Hydrogen gas post­conditioning alleviates cognitive dysfunction and anxiety­like behavior in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10555.].

Hydrogen gas post-conditioning alleviates cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in high rates of mortality and lasting disability. Hydrogen gas (H2) is an antioxidant with demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy of H2 inhalation on early brain injury following experimental SAH in rats and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The rats were randomly separated into three groups (n=36 per group): Sham, SAH and SAH + H2. Endovascular perforation of the right internal carotid artery was used to establish SAH. After perforation, rats in the SAH + H2 group inhaled 2.9% H2 with regular oxygen for 2 h. Then, 24 h post-SAH, TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic neurons, and both immunostaining and western blotting were conducted to examine changes in p38 MAPK activity and the expression levels of apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Then, 30 day post-SAH, Nissl staining was performed to detect neuronal injury, brain MRI was conducted to detect gross changes in brain structure and metabolism, the open field test was used to assess anxiety and the novel object recognition test was performed to assess memory. H2 inhalation following experimental SAH stabilized brain metabolites, improved recognition memory and reduced anxiety-like behavior, the neuronal apoptosis rate, phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression, cleaved caspase-3 expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Collectively, the present results suggested that H2 inhalation can alleviate SAH-induced cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities and neuronal apoptosis in rats, possibly via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signal pathway.

[Clinical study on the effectiveness and safety of combined laparoscopy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and safety of combined laparoscopy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in the treatment of endometriosis (EM). METHODS: From January to December 2010, 198 patients with EM undergoing treatment in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital were randomly divided into three groups, which include 52 cases treated by only laparoscopy in laparoscopy group; 76 cases treated by laparoscopy combined with domestic Leuprolide acetate with dose of 3.75 mg every 28 days in Leuprolide acetate group; 70 cases treated by laparoscopy combined with imported Goserelin acetate with dose of 3.6 mg every 28 days in Goserelin acetate group. The efficacy, pregnancy rate and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Thirteen cases lost following up, including 3 cases in laparoscopy group, 6 cases in Leuprolide acetate group and 4 cases in Goserelin acetate group. (1) Effective rates: effective rates were 47% (23/49) in laparoscopy group, 77% (54/70) in Leuprolide acetate group and 74% (49/66) in Goserelin acetate group. Compared with laparoscopy group, the effective rate of Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group was significantly elevated (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group (P > 0.05).(2) Recurrence rate: recurrence rate were 33% (16/49) in laparoscopy group, 13% (9/70) in Leuprolide acetate group and 12% (8/66) in Goserelin acetate group. Compared with laparoscopy group, the recurrence rate of Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group was significantly declined (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group (P > 0.05). (3) Pregnancy rate: the number of patients require fertility were 28 cases in laparoscopy group, 39 cases in Leuprolide acetate group and 35 cases in Goserelin acetate group. After 2 years follow up, pregnancy rate of 62% (24/39) in Leuprolide acetate group and 60% (21/35) in Goserelin acetate group were high than 39% (11/28) in laparoscopy group significantly, which did not reached significant difference (P > 0.05). (4) Adverse drug reaction:rates of a adverse reactions were 21% (15/70) in Leuprolide acetate group and 20% (13/66) in Goserelin acetate group, including irregular vaginal bleeding associated with low estrogen level. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with laparoscopy alone, laparoscopy combined with GnRH-a is more effective in treatment of, which exhibit lower recurrence rate, higher pregnancy rate and fewer adverse reactions. Domestic Leuprolide acetate have similar safety and efficacy compared with imported GnRH-a.

[Impact of depression on prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease undergoing revascularization].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of depression on clinical outcome of patients undergoing revascularization. METHODS: Self-rating depression scale (SDS) assessment was made before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 345) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n = 308) procedure. Patients were divided into depression and non-depression group. All patients were followed up for 12 months after procedure for the occurrence of rehospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: Depression was present in 40.9% (n = 141) of patients after CABG, which was significantly higher than before procedure (24.3%, P < 0.01). The MACE rate was significantly higher in patients with post-procedure depression [8.5% (12/141)] than in patients without depression [2.9% (6/204), P < 0.05] and the incidences of target lesion revascularization and rehospitalization were also significantly higher in depression patients than in non-depression patients during the 12 months follow-up (all P < 0.05). Depression was present in 36.4% (n = 112) of patients after PCI, which was significantly higher than that before procedure (28.6%, P < 0.05). The MACE rate [8.0% (9/112) vs. 2.0% (4/196)] and rehospitalization rate [12.5% (14/112) vs. 4.6% (9/196)] were significantly higher in depression patients than in patients without depression during the 12 months follow-up (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference on SDS score between the PCI and CABG before the procedure. However, after the procedure, the SDS score for patients undergoing CABG was significantly higher than in patients undergoing PCI (48.9 ± 9.8 vs. 45.7 ± 10.5 P = 0.01). The level of serum IL-6 was significantly higher in depression patients than in patients without depression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of depression is high in patients treated with revascularization procedures and is linked with poor post-procedure prognosis.

Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome: a comparison between the presence and absence of secondary thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of early identification and endovascular treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), with or without deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of patients, IVCS without DVT (group 1, n = 39), IVCS with fresh thrombosis (group 2, n = 52) and IVCS with non-fresh thrombosis (group 3, n = 34) were detected by Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance venography, computed tomography or venography. The fresh venous thrombosis were treated by aspiration and thrombectomy, whereas the iliac vein compression per se were treated with a self-expandable stent. In cases with fresh thrombus, the inferior vena cava filter was inserted before the thrombosis suction, mechanical thrombus ablation, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stenting or transcatheter thrombolysis. RESULTS: Stenting was performed in 111 patients (38 of 39 group 1 patients and 73 of 86 group 2 or 3 patients). The stenting was tried in one of group 1 and in three of group 2 or 3 patients only to fail. The initial patency rates were 95% (group 1), 89% (group 2) and 65% (group 3), respectively and were significantly different (p = 0.001). Further, the six month patency rates were 93% (group 1), 83% (group 2) and 50% (group 3), respectively, and were similarly significantly different (p = 0.001). Both the initial and six month patency rates in the IVCS patients (without thrombosis or with fresh thrombosis), were significantly greater than the patency rates of IVCS patients with non-fresh thrombosis. CONCLUSION: From the cases examined, the study suggests that endovascular treatment of IVCS, with or without thrombosis, is effective.