Transcriptome analysis of the response to low temperature acclimation in Calliptamus italicus eggs.

BACKGROUND: Calliptamus italicus is a dominant species in the desert and semi-desert grassland. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean, and has enormous destructive potential for agriculture and animal husbandry. The C. italicus overwintering as eggs in the soil through diapause, and the cold tolerance of locust eggs is the key to their ability to survive the winter smoothly to maintain the population. RESULTS: Transcriptome analysis of C. italicus eggs was carried out in this paper in constant low temperature acclimation, natural low temperature acclimation and room temperature. The differentially expressed genes related to cold tolerance were screened out, the differences in expression patterns under different low temperature acclimation were analyzed, and the genes in the significantly up-regulated pathways may play an important role in cold tolerance. The results show that different domestication modes can induce C. italicus eggs to express a large number of genes to alleviate low temperature damage, but C. italicus eggs are more sensitive to changes in temperature. Compared with the control, there are 8689 DEGs at constant low temperature and 14,994 DEGs at natural low temperature. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to metabolism and biological systems under constant low temperature, and were mainly enriched in pathways related to biological systems and environmental information processing under natural low temperature. In addition, RNAi technology was used to further verify the regulation of genes in the significantly enriched up-regulated pathways on C. italicus eggs, and it was confirmed that the hatching rate of C. italicus eggs at low temperature was significantly reduced after interference. CONCLUSIONS: Transcriptome analysis of C. italicus eggs treated at different temperatures provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the adaptation mechanism of C. italicus eggs to low temperature. In addition, four potential RNAi target genes were verified in the eggs of C. italicus for the first time, providing new ideas for effective control of this species.

Tetrakis[(benzene-18-crown-6)potassium]bis[tris(thiocyanato)copper(I)].

The title complex, bis-(µ-benzene-18-crown-6)-3κ(6)O:4κO;4κ(6)O:3κO-bis-(benzene-18-crown-6)-1κ(6)O,6κ(6)O-tetra-µ-thiocyanato-1:2κ(2)S:N;2:3κ(2)N:S;4:5κ(2)S:N;5:6κ(2)N:S-dithio-cyanato-2κN,5κN-2,5-dicopper(I)-1,3,4,6-tetra-potassium(I), [K(4)Cu(2)(NCS)(6)(C(16)H(24)O(6))(4)] or {[K(C(16)H(24)O(6))](4)[Cu(NCS)(3)](2)}, consists of four [K(benzene-18-crown-6)](+) cations and two [Cu(NCS)(3)](2-) anions, forming a dimeric structure with site symmetry . In each [Cu(NCS)(3)](2-) anion, the Cu(I) atom is coordinated by three N atoms of thio-cyanate ligands in a trigonal-planar coordination geometry. Each [Cu(NCS)(3)](2-) anion bridges two [K(benzene-18-crown-6)](+) cations, with K-S distances of 3.317 (3) and 3.198 (3) Å, and two [K(benzene-18-crown-6)](+) cations are linked across a crystallographic centre of inversion, with K-O distances of 2.903 (5) Å.