[Criteria for the determination of the distance of a gunshot from limited-range firearms based on the morphological characteristics of the wound and the results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry].

We have developed the criteria allowing to determine the distance of a gunshot from limited-range firearms (an IZh-79-9TGM pistol with the elastic bullet cartridges) based on the morphological characteristics of the wound and the results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The method has been developed for the quantitative determination of barium, lead, and antimony in the targets depending on the gunshot distance.

[Detection of antimony topography using diffuse-contact method on the skin targets of bio-manikins after shooting with Makarov gun from short distance].

The authors examined sedimentation of stibium in the area of experimental skin entry holes generated by Makarov gun shots from different distances. Regularities of allocation of stibium subject to the distance of the shot were determined. Practical recommendations for expert conclusion about the distance of the shot were given on the grounds of the results of the study.

[Assessment of accumulation of the shot products on the targets in shooting from a short-barreled gun with a muffler for estimation of shooting distance].

A practical expert task--to estimate shot distance and order of shots made in two victims from a gun with muffler--is described as illustration of opportunities of the complex investigation with experimental shots and emission spectral analysis of the targets. Distribution of the shot soot on the targets in shooting from the distance up to 1 m is analyzed.

[The possibility of determining the weapon model by examining the wiping belts]. / Vozmozhnost' opredeleniia modeli oruzhiia putem issledovaniia poiaskov obtiraniia.

The possibility of differentiation between impairments of the tissue, formed by membrane bullets of the same gauge when shot from guns of various brands, was studied in experiments. Antimony levels in the injury wiping belt were found the most informative sign for this purpose.

State-university collaboration to enhance public psychiatric services in western Pennsylvania.

A collaboration established in 1974 between the Pennsylvania State Office of Mental Health and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center provides a comprehensive program of continuing mental health education, skills development, and program consultation to state hospitals and publicly funded community programs in rural and semirural western Pennsylvania. The authors describe the development of the program and discuss its current organization and activities. In 1990-91 a total of 60 faculty and 150 staff members from the institute contributed more than 1,200 hours of direct programming. The collaboration's activities have broadened in both hospital and community sectors and currently involve all of the university's health and medical care schools.

Training child psychiatrists in rural public mental health.

Lack of appropriate training in both public mental health service and rural mental health service is a major factor in the critical shortage of child psychiatrists in rural settings. The authors describe a residency training program in rural public mental health designed to help alleviate that shortage. The program familiarizes fourth-year residents in child psychiatry with the clinical, political, and social aspects of rural public mental health services through didactic and supervisory sessions as well as an eight-month practicum experience involving provision of inservice training and administrative and case-related consultation to staff of mental health agencies. An assessment of the program indicated that participants felt it was beneficial, but the program was only partly successful in increasing the number of child psychiatrists entering practice in rural areas. The authors urge that residency programs in child psychiatry give priority to training child psychiatrists for work in rural settings.

Population changes in a growth center region with reference to the Israeli Negev.

"The aim of this paper is to present a scheme of relative population changes in a geographic-termed growth center region, with reference to a real problem of development as implemented in the Israeli Negev arid zone. The growth process described in the scheme leads to dynamic steady-states which indicate stable structure and stable relationships between the components of the regional system--the growth center and its urban and rural hinterlands. It was found that the relative population growth process in the Negev during the last thirty years is similar to the process determined by the scheme.... An additional thrust of this paper is methodological: to introduce and apply the hexagonal diagram to describe and classify processes of relative population growth."