ABSTRACT
Maxillofacial fractures in the pediatric population consist of less than 15% of all facial fractures. Road traffic accidents, sport-related injury, and fall constitutes most common causes for the facial injury. Incidence of the facial fractures is comparatively higher in boys than in girls. In the management of the maxillofacial fractures in pediatric patients, we have to take into consideration the variation in anatomy and physiology between children and adults, as well as the particular stage of growth and dental development. Treatment options can vary from closed reduction to open reduction and internal fixation. In this article, the authors successfully managed the pediatric mandibular fractures by performing bridle wiring with the help of an orthodontic ligature wire. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Sharma A, Patidar DC, et al. Mandibular Fracture in Children: A New Approach for Management and Review of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(4):356-359.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess different types of dental injuries associated with facial bone fractures. METHOD: One hundred dentate patients were selected randomly of all age and gender who had maxillofacial trauma only and having dental injury in association with facial bones fractures were included. They were thoroughly examined for injury/fracture to facial region as well as for dental injuries (teeth). Tooth injuries were noted according to Ellis classification. The data was collected, compiled, and put to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Dental injuries were more in females than males found to be statistically significant with (p < 0.05).Crown fracture of maxillary teeth was more as compared to mandibular except molars found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Root fracture was more in maxillary incisors followed by canine as compared to mandibular incisors and canines found to be insignificant. Avulsion, extrusion and luxation were more in maxilla as compared to mandible found to be significant. CONCLUSION: Different types of tooth injuries associated with facial bone fracture found more in females and maxillary teeth.
Subject(s)
Facial Bones/injuries , Fractures, Bone/complications , Tooth Injuries/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Facial Bones/diagnostic imaging , Female , Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radiography, Dental , Sex Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tooth Avulsion/complications , Tooth Crown/injuries , Tooth Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Root/injuries , Young AdultABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate numerous biological processes by targeting broad set of messenger RNAs. Research on miRNA-based biomarkers has witnessed phenomenal growth, owing to non-invasive nature of miRNA based screening assays and their sensitivity and specificity in detecting cancers. Their discovery in humans in 2000 has led to an explosion in research in terms of their role as biomarker, therapeutic target and trying to elucidate their function. This review aims to summarize the function of microRNAs as well as to examine how dysregulation at any step in their biogenesis or functional pathway can play a role in development of cancer, together with its possible involvement in oral cancer. Overexpression of oncogenic miRNA may reduce protein products of tumor-suppressor genes but loss of tumor-suppressor miRNA expression may cause elevated levels of oncogenic protein. One or both of these alterations could represent new targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment in future. Many researchers have focused on genetic and epigenetic alterations in OSCC cells. The genetic susceptibility, endemic environment factors, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are believed to be the major etiologic factors of OSCC. Once metastasis occurs, prognosis is very poor. It is urgently needed to develop biomarkers for early clinical diagnosis/prognosis, and novel effective therapies for oral carcinoma. High-risk HPV infection leads to aberrant expression of cellular oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs. The emergence of miRNA knowledge, and its potential interactive action with such alterations, therefore creates new understanding of cell transformation.
