ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periodontal disease is a common infectious disease, found worldwide, causing the destruction of the periodontium. The periodontium is a complex structure composed of both soft and hard tissues, thus an agent applied to regenerate the periodontium must be able to stimulate periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrated that acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera gel, stimulated both soft and hard tissue healing. This study investigated effect of acemannan as a bioactive molecule and scaffold for periodontal tissue regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Primary human periodontal ligament cells were treated with acemannan in vitro. New DNA synthesis, expression of growth/differentiation factor 5 and runt-related transcription factor 2, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized nodule formation were determined using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, biochemical assay and alizarin red staining, respectively. In our in vivo study, premolar class II furcation defects were made in four mongrel dogs. Acemannan sponges were applied into the defects. Untreated defects were used as a negative control group. The amount of new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament formation were evaluated 30 and 60 d after the operation. RESULTS: Acemannan significantly increased periodontal ligament cell proliferation, upregulation of growth/differentiation factor 5, runt-related transcription factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition as compared with the untreated control group in vitro. Moreover, acemannan significantly accelerated new alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament formation in class II furcation defects. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that acemannan could be a candidate biomolecule for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Process/drug effects , Dental Cementum/drug effects , Furcation Defects/drug therapy , Mannans/therapeutic use , Periodontal Ligament/drug effects , Phytotherapy/methods , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Alkaline Phosphatase/analysis , Animals , Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/analysis , Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Cementogenesis/drug effects , Collagen Type I/analysis , Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/analysis , DNA/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Dogs , Gels , Growth Differentiation Factor 5/analysis , Humans , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Periodontal Ligament/cytology , Regeneration/drug effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysisABSTRACT
In a prospective study, the outcome of surgical correction of medial patellar luxation of 70 stifle joints in 55 Pomeranian dogs was evaluated. Trochlear block recession alone was performed in 46 stifle joints, or in combination with tibial tuberosity transposition in 24 stifle joints in cases with grade II, III or IV medial patellar luxation. Additional procedures were performed to restore lateral and medial retinacular function. The recurrence of patellar luxation and the degree of lameness were evaluated up to at least 16 weeks after surgery. The overall recurrence rate was 10%. The outcome of surgery was considered good for grade II luxation with a 100% success rate. Recurrent medial patellar luxation was diagnosed in approximately 11% of dogs with grade III and in 36% of dogs with grade IV luxation. The postoperative lameness score decreased significantly in comparison with the preoperative score at four weeks and thereafter until the end of the study.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/surgery , Patellar Dislocation/veterinary , Animals , Body Size , Dogs , Female , Male , Patellar Dislocation/surgery , Postoperative Complications/veterinary , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
There is a high incidence of patellar luxation (PL) in Pomeranian dogs from Thailand. DNA samples were collected from 59 dogs originating from 15 families. PL was present in 75% of the dogs with a male:female ratio of 1:1.95. Polymorphic microsatellites situated close to the COL6A1, COL6A3, COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 genes were analyzed for linkage to the phenotype. Sibling-pair analysis revealed that none of the collagen markers analyzed had a high non-parametric linkage score with the highest score, 1.56, for COL9A2 (P=0.07). The low LOD scores for these collagen genes indicated a non-involvement in the pathogenesis of PL in Pomeranians. An association study with a low density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set indicated the possible involvement of a region on chromosome 7. The association of this region remained indicative when larger groups of 43 cases and 40 controls were compared (Chi square test P=0.01).
