Pathological jealousy and pathological love: Apples to apples or apples to oranges?

Pathological jealousy evokes emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that cause damage to social and interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, pathological love is the uncontrollable behavior of caring for a partner that results in neglecting the needs of the self. The aim of the present research was to assess the similarities and differences between the two psychopathologies of love. To this end, thirty-two individuals with pathological jealousy and 33 individuals with pathological love were compared on demographics, aspects of romantic relationship (jealousy, satisfaction, love style), psychiatric co-morbidities, personality and psychological characteristics (e.g., impulsivity). In a univariate analysis individuals with pathological jealousy were more likely to be in a current relationship and reported greater satisfaction. The avoidant attachment and the ludus love style were associated with pathological jealousy whereas the secure attachment and agape love style was associated with pathological love. Almost three-quarters (72.3%) of the sample met criteria for a current psychiatric disorder, however no differences emerged between the pathological jealousy and pathological love groups. In a binary logistic regression, relationship status and impairments in parenting significantly differentiated the groups. While both pathological jealousy and pathological love share similarities, they also present with unique differences, which may have important treatment implications.

Pathological jealousy: romantic relationship characteristics, emotional and personality aspects, and social adjustment.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify romantic relationship characteristics, emotional and personality aspects and social adjustment in subjects with pathological jealousy (PJ) and to compare them to control group. METHODS: The participants, 32 individuals with PJ and 31 healthy volunteers completed measures of jealousy intensity, attachment type, love and relationship styles, personality, impulsivity, aggressiveness and social adjustment. Socio-demographic profiles were also obtained. RESULTS: Participants with PJ were significantly older than the control group, but no other important socio-demographic differences were observed. Participants with PJ were significantly more jealous and were predominately categorized with anxious-ambivalent attachment type, and Mania love style. They presented with elevated novelty seeking and harm avoidance, low self-directedness and cooperativeness, high levels of impulsivity and trait anxiety, and poor social adjustment. Multivariate analysis showed that jealousy intensity and trait anxiety were the variables that best distinguished participants with PJ from the control group. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the cross-sectional design and relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: PJ presents a particular pattern of attachment, love style, and personality structure, and deserves further attention as a specific potential disorder of the romantic bonding.

Pathological love: impulsivity, personality, and romantic relationship.

INTRODUCTION: Pathological love (PL)--behavior characterized by providing repetitive and uncontrolled care and attention to the partner in a romantic relationship--is a rarely studied condition, despite not being rare and causing suffering. This study aims at investigating impulsivity, personality, and characteristics related to the romantic relationship in this population. METHODS: Eighty-nine individuals (50 with PL; 39 individuals with no psychiatric disorder) were compared regarding impulsivity, personality, type of attachment, satisfaction with romantic relationship, and love style. RESULTS: Individuals with PL have higher levels of impulsivity (P<.001; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), higher self-transcendence, that is, are more unconventional and hold sense of communion with a wider reality (P<.001; Temperament and Character Inventory) and keep dissatisfactory romantic relationships (P<.001; Adapted Relationship Assessment Scale). CONCLUSION: Individuals with PL present personality traits and relationship aspects that must be taken into account in devising assessment and therapeutic strategies for this population.

[Pathological love: is it a new psychiatric disorder?]. / Amor patológico: um novo transtorno psiquiátrico?

OBJECTIVE: The pathological love is characterized by being a behavior of taking care and paying attention to the beloved partner in a way which is repetitive and careless of control in an amorous relationship. Although the available data is comprised of case studies, such condition (which is distinguished itself from erotomania or delusional love) seems not to be rare. METHOD: We reviewed the available literature on the clinical characteristics of pathological love (PL), using the Medline, Lilacs and PsychoINFO databases. DISCUSSION: It was verified that low self-esteem, feelings of anger and affectionate deprivation, and emotional distress can be important psychological factors in the evolvement of such clinical diagnosis. Similarly, some family factors could be associated with it, such as substance abuse, and history of physical and/or emotional negligence during childhood. CONCLUSIONS: The progress of research may bring broader precision on the clinical, etiologic and comorbid features. Thus, this woud be favoring an effetive approach to the bearer, adding a potential repercussion on the affective life of a significant number of people.

Amor patológico: um novo transtorno psiquiátrico? / Pathological love: is it a new psychiatric disorder?

OBJETIVO: O amor patológico se caracteriza pelo comportamento de prestar cuidados e atenção ao parceiro, de maneira repetitiva e desprovida de controle, em um relacionamento amoroso. Embora os dados disponíveis se concentrem em relatos de caso, a condição (que se diferencia da erotomania ou amor delirante) parece não ser rara. MÉTODO: Revisamos a literatura disponível sobre as características clínicas do amor patológico, utilizando as bases de dados do Medline, Lilacs e PsychoINFO. DISCUSSÃO: Verificou-se que baixa auto-estima, sentimentos de raiva, privação afetiva e estresse emocional podem ser fatores psicológicos importantes no desenvolvimento desse quadro. Da mesma forma, alguns fatores familiares podem estar associados, como abuso de substâncias e história de negligência (física e/ou emocional) na infância. CONCLUSÕES: O progresso nas pesquisas poderá trazer maior precisão sobre aspectos clínicos, etiológicos e comórbidos, favorecendo, assim, a efetiva abordagem do portador, com potencial repercussão sobre a vida afetiva de número significativo de pessoas.

OBJECTIVE: The pathological love is characterized by being a behavior of taking care and paying attention to the beloved partner in a way which is repetitive and careless of control in an amorous relationship. Although the available data is comprised of case studies, such condition (which is distinguished itself from erotomania or delusional love) seems not to be rare. METHOD: We reviewed the available literature on the clinical characteristics of pathological love (PL), using the Medline, Lilacs and PsychoINFO databases. DISCUSSION: It was verified that low self-esteem, feelings of anger and affectionate deprivation, and emotional distress can be important psychological factors in the evolvement of such clinical diagnosis. Similarly, some family factors could be associated with it, such as substance abuse, and history of physical and/or emotional negligence during childhood. CONCLUSIONS: The progress of research may bring broader precision on the clinical, etiologic and comorbid features. Thus, this woud be favoring an effetive approach to the bearer, adding a potential repercussion on the affective life of a significant number of people.