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1.
Metas enferm ; 19(7): 71-76, sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156975

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de hipotermia durante el periodo perioperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugías programadas bajo anestesia general y conocer los factores personales y ambientales que influyen en la aparición de hipotermia durante el periodo quirúrgico. MÉTODO: se desarrolló un estudio piloto descriptivo longitudinal en el bloque quirúrgico del Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, desde junio hasta octubre de 2015. La población del estudio fueron los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente que cumpliesen con los criterios de inclusión. Se recopilaron variables sociodemográficas, variables ambientales (temperatura del quirófano, intervención y duración, tamaño de la herida quirúrgica, sueroterapia, gases anestésicos, sistemas de calentamiento) y variables térmicas (temperatura basal, pre y postinducción anestésica, y cada 20 minutos durante el periodo intraoperatorio y de recuperación anestésica hasta el alta de la Unidad de Recuperación Post Anestésica (URPA) con registro de aparición de hipotermia. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y bivariante. RESULTADOS: la muestra total fue de 25 individuos que presentaron un descenso medio intraoperatorio de 0,7 ºC con respecto a su temperatura inicial. El 40% de los individuos presentó hipotermia leve durante la intervención quirúrgica, dando lugar durante la primera hora en el 92% de los estos. El 24% de los sujetos padecieron hipotermia durante el postoperatorio, ya habiéndola desarrollado anteriormente la mitad de estos durante el tiempo intraoperatorio. CONCLUSIÓN: hay mayor frecuencia de hipotermia intraoperatoria que postoperatoria, registrada generalmente durante la primera hora quirúrgica y en los primeros 30 minutos de recuperación anestésica. Un mayor tiempo de intervención y del tamaño de incisión facilitan la aparición de hipotermia


OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of hypothermia during the perioperative period in patients undergoing scheduled surgery under general anaesthesia, and to understand the personal and environmental factors that have an impact on the development of hypothermia during the surgical period. METHOD: a longitudinal descriptive pilot study was conducted in the Surgical Unit of the Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa of Zaragoza, from June to October, 2015. The study population was formed by those patients undergoing surgery who met the inclusion criteria. The study collected sociodemographical variables, environmental variables (Operating Room temperature, type of procedure and its duration, size of the surgical wound, saline therapy, anaesthetic gases, warming systems) and thermal variables (temperature at baseline, pre and post anaesthetic induction, and every 20 minutes during the perioperative period and the recovery from anesthesia, until discharge from the Post-anaesthetic Care Unit with recorded development of hypothermia. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. RESULTS: the total sample included 25 patients who presented a mean intraoperative reduction of 0.7 ºC from their initial temperature. Out of these patients, 40% presented mild hypothermia during the surgical procedure, which occurred during the first hour in 92% of cases. A 24% of patients suffered hypothermia during the post-operative period, and half of them had already developed it previously during the intraoperative period. CONCLUSION: there is a higher frequency of intraoperative vs. postoperative hypothermia, generally recorded during the first hour of surgery and within the first 30 minutes of recovery from anaesthesia. Longer surgery duration and a larger wound size will favour the development of hypothermia


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypothermia/epidemiology , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Operative Time , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive
2.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 39(7/8): 504-510, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-154221

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer las diferencias de utilización de servicios sanitarios según la modalidad de seguro sanitario, en la población española adulta. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, empleando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España de 2011-2012, con entrevista a 21 007 personas. Entre los individuos que tenían alguna cobertura sanitaria, se han diferenciado los que tenían servicios sanitarios públicos, privados, o mixtos. Se realizó un estudio univariante y bivariante para conocer las diferencias de utilización de servicios según el tipo de cobertura. Resultados. El 83.5 % de la población manifiesta disponer exclusivamente de cobertura pública, el 2.5 % cuenta con seguro únicamente privado y el 14 % está afiliado a ambas modalidades. Los individuos con cobertura exclusivamente pública acuden más al facultativo general (81.9 %), mientras que las personas con seguro únicamente privado han sido quienes consultan en mayor proporción al especialista (65.6 %). Los sujetos con cobertura exclusivamente pública describen los mayores tiempos de espera, tanto para el ingreso programado como para recibir atención médica. En general, las personas con doble cobertura tuvieron una mayor participación en actividades preventivas. Conclusiones. La sanidad pública es la principal cobertura de la población española. Se evidencian perfiles diferentes de utilización de los recursos sanitarios distintos, según la cobertura asistencial correspondiente (AU)


Objective. To explore the use of health services in the Spanish population, according health insurance. Methods. A cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2011-2012 was conducted. 21 007 people were included. Among individuals with health coverage, three groups were differentiated: people with public, private and mixed insurance. Univariate and bivariate analyses were developed to know health services use differences by health insurance. Results. 83.5 % of the population reported only a public coverage, 2.5 % has only private insurance and 14 % was enrolled in both forms. Individuals with public coverage visited with higher frequency the general physician (81.9 %), while those with only private insurance visited a specialist in the highest proportion (65.6 %). Individuals with only public health coverage presented the longest waiting times, for both programmed hospitalization and medical attention. In general terms, people with double coverage showed the greatest participation in preventive activities. Conclusions. Public coverage is the most important coverage of the Spanish population. Different use of health resources were observed according to health insurance (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Services/standards , Health Services , Health Services Coverage/trends , State Health Care Coverage/organization & administration , State Health Care Coverage/standards , State Health Care Coverage , Waiting Lists , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Public Health/methods , Public Health/standards
3.
Metas enferm ; 19(2): 68-73, mar. 2016. tab, ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-153587

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: conocer las diferencias sociodemográficas y del estado de salud según la modalidad de seguro sanitario en población española adulta. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, empleándolos datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud española 2011-2012.Entre los individuos que tenían alguna cobertura sanitaria, se han diferenciado los que tenían servicios sanitarios públicos, privados o doble cobertura. Se desarrolló un estudio bivariante para conocer las diferencias sociodemográficas y de salud según el tipo de cobertura. Se aplicó un modelo de análisis multivariable de regresión logística para determinar el perfil del usuario con cobertura pública. RESULTADOS: el estudio se desarrolló a partir de una muestra de21.007 individuos residentes en el territorio español mayores de 15años. Tras eliminar a los sujetos que no contaban con ningún tipo de cobertura sanitaria (62 personas) y los que no contestaron (132 personas), se incluyeron 20.813 individuos en el análisis. Un 83,5% de la población dispone exclusivamente de cobertura pública, caracterizada por ser joven, con nivel de estudios bajo, desempleada, con peor estado de salud percibido, y sin padecer enfermedades crónicas. Un 14% de población cuenta además con cobertura privada. CONCLUSIONES: la sanidad pública es la principal cobertura de la población española. Los individuos más mayores, con una renta familia relevada, en situación de empleo, con un nivel académico más elevado, un buen estado de salud percibido y con alguna enfermedad crónica, son el perfil del usuario que opta por un aseguramiento privado


OBJECTIVE: to understand the sociodemographic and health status differences according to the healthcare insurance model in the adult Spanish population. METHOD: a transversal descriptive study was conducted, using data from the 2011-2012 Spanish National Healthcare Survey. Those individuals with some type of healthcare coverage were divided into those who had public healthcare insurance, private healthcare insurance, or double coverage. A bivariate study was conducted in order to understand the sociodemographical and health differences according to type of coverage. A multivariable logistic regression analysis model was applied in order to determine the profile of the user with public coverage. RESULTS: the study was conducted in a sample of 21,007 persons over 15 years of age residing in the Spanish territory. After removing those subjects who had no type of healthcare coverage (62 persons)and those who did not answer (132 persons), the analysis included20,813 individuals. A 83.5% of the population has public coverage exclusively; this group is mostly young, with a low level of education, unemployed, with a worse perception of their health status, and without any chronic diseases. A 14% of this population has also private coverage. CONCLUSIONS: public health is the main coverage for the Spanish population. Older individuals, with a high family income, who are working and have a higher academic level, a good perception of their health status, and some chronic disease, represent the profile of the user who chooses private insurance


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Health Services Coverage/trends , Health Status , Adult Health , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Health Facilities, Proprietary/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors
4.
Rev Enferm ; 39(7-8): 32-8, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29583175

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the use of health services in the Spanish population, according health insurance. Methods: A cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2011-2012 was conducted. 21 007 people were included. Among individuals with health coverage, three groups were differentiated: people with public, private and mixed insurance. Univariate and bivariate analyses were developed to know health services and bivariate analyses were developed to know health services use differences by health insurance. Results: 83.5 % of the population reported only a public coverage, 2.5 % has only private insurance and 14 % was enrolled in both forms. Individuals with public coverage visited with higher frequency the general physician (81.9 %), while those with only private insurance visited a specialist in the highest proportion (65.6 %). Individuals with only public health coverage presented the longest waiting times, for both programmed hospitalization and medical attention. In general terms, people with double coverage showed the greatest participation in preventive activities. Conclusions: Public coverage is the most important coverage of the Spanish population. Different use of health resources were observed according to health insurance.


Subject(s)
Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Spain
5.
Metas enferm ; 18(10): 70-75, dic. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-148036

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: conocer la ansiedad-rasgo (AR) y la ansiedad-estado (AE)de padres y madres durante la hospitalización de sus hijos; valorar la participación en el cuidado de los mismos; analizar la percepción que tienen sobre la ayuda recibida por los profesionales sanitarios en dichos cuidados y determinar la influencia del apoyo sanitario percibido en la ansiedad de los cuidadores. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre 97 padres/madres de lactantes ingresados en la Unidad de Pediatría del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza). La recogida de datos se efectuó mediante dos cuestionarios: el STAI y el de descripción del apoyo social recibido. Se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal simple entre la ansiedad de estado (variable dependiente) y de rasgo (variable independiente).RESULTADOS: se estudiaron 69 personas. El 30% de las mujeres y el28,5% de los hombres presentaron ansiedad basal. Durante la hospitalización de sus hijos, el 54% de las mujeres y el 57,1% tuvieron ansiedad. El modelo de regresión lineal simple fue capaz de explicar el34,1% de la variabilidad de la AE mediante la AR. El 97% de encuestados recibió apoyo del personal de Enfermería, seguido del personal médico con un 63,8%. CONCLUSIÓN: la hospitalización de un hijo es una situación que incrementa notablemente la ansiedad de los familiares, especialmente delas madres. Cuando la relación de ayuda entre el personal de Enfermería y los familiares es percibida como insatisfactoria, la ansiedad de los padres y madres aumenta hasta niveles severos. Los enfermeros junto con el médico son las dos figuras sanitarias de las que se percibe mayor soporte por las familias


OBJECTIVE: to learn about the trait-anxiety (TA) and state-anxiety(SA) of parents during the hospitalization of their children; to assess their involvement in care; to analyze their perception of the help received from healthcare professionals in said care, and to determine the influence of the perceived healthcare support upon carer anxiety. METHOD: a descriptive transversal study on 97 fathers/mothers of babies hospitalized in the Paediatric Unit of the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza). Data collection was conducted through two questionnaires: the STAI and the one for description of the social support received. A simple linear regression model was conducted between the state-anxiety (dependent variable) and trait-anxiety(independent variable). RESULTS: sixty-nine (69) persons were studied. 30% of women and28.5% of men presented baseline anxiety. During the hospitalization of their children, 54% of women and 57.1% of men suffered anxiety. The simple linear regression model was able to explain the 34.1%variability of SA through the TA. 97% of the survey participants received support from the Nursing staff, followed by medical staff with a 63.8%. CONCLUSION: the hospitalization of a child is a situation that increases to a high extent the anxiety of relatives, particularly mothers. When the help relationship between the Nursing staff and relatives is perceived as unsatisfactory, the anxiety of parents will increase up to severe levels. Nursing staff, together with the physician, are the two healthcare figures from which families perceive a higher support


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Anxiety/epidemiology , Caregivers/psychology , Nursing Care/methods , Child, Hospitalized/psychology , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Professional-Family Relations , Hospital-Patient Relations , Nurse-Patient Relations
6.
Metas enferm ; 16(8): 61-66, oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-117916

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conocer la relación entre los conocimientos y actitudes adquiridos por los estudiantes de Enfermería y la siniestralidad accidental con material biológico. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los alumnos matriculados en la Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Huesca, durante el curso académico 2011, matriculados en los cursos segundo, tercero y cuarto, y que habían cursado parcial o totalmente alguna de las asignaturas de Enfermería Clínica I, II o III. La recogida de datos se efectuó mediante el cuestionario de Merino de la Hoz, que contiene variables demográficas, de conocimiento sobre las precauciones universales, protocolo a seguir en caso de accidente biológico y medidas de bioseguridad, opinión de la formación recibida y la logística, actitudes de adopción de medidas de bioseguridad y características de los accidentes biológicos ocurridos. Resultados: respondieron el cuestionario 99 alumnos, de los que40 correspondían a segundo curso (40,4%), 28 a tercero (28,3%)y 31 a cuarto (31,3%). Más del 92% de los encuestados reconoce tener conocimientos sobre las precauciones estándares y sobre las medidas de bioseguridad, el conocimiento del protocolo de actuación en caso de accidente es significativamente mayor en los estudiantes de tercero. Los riesgos profesionales por exposición y la capacidad de seroconversión por cada virus fueron los aspectos menos conocidos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre cursos en la adopción de medidas de bioseguridad. El total de accidentes ocurridos fue 16, de los cuales 13 sucedieron en segundo curso, la mayoría originados por falta de precaución durante la administración de inyección y por el reencapuchado de aguja. Conclusiones: aunque los alumnos manifiestan conocimientos delas precauciones universales y de las medidas de bioseguridad, su cumplimiento es mejorable, especialmente durante las primeras prácticas clínicas. (AU)


Objective: to understand the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes acquired by Nursing students, and the rate of accidents with biologic material. Method: a transversal descriptive study was conducted on those students registered at the University School of Nursing in Huesca, during the 2011 academic term; students were registered in the second, third and fourth year, and they had taken partially or completely some of the subjects in Clinical Nursing I, II or III. Data collection was conducted through the Merino de la Hoz Questionnaire, which contains variables regarding demographic data, knowledge about global precautions, protocol to be followed in case of biological accident and biosafety measures, opinion of the training received and logistics, attitudes for adopting biosafety measures, and characteristics of biological accidents occurred. Results: the questionnaire was answered by 99 students, out of which 40 belonged to the second year (40.4%), 28 to the third year(28.3%) and 31 to the fourth year (31.3%). Over 92% of respondents stated that they had knowledge about standard precautions and biosafety measures; knowledge of the protocol of action in case of accident was significantly higher in third year students. Professional risks due to exposure and the ability of seroconversion by each virus were the least known aspects. Significant differences were found among courses in terms of adopting biosafety measures. The total number of accidents occurred was 16; 13 of these occurred in the second year, most of them caused by lack of precaution during the administration of an injection, and during needle recapping. Conclusions: even though students claim they have knowledge of global precautions and biosafety measures, their implementation could be improved, particularly during the initial clinical practices (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Biohazard Release/prevention & control , Accident Prevention/methods , Education, Nursing/organization & administration , Clinical Clerkship/organization & administration , Students, Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Containment of Biohazards/prevention & control
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