[Effects of synthetic fragments of defensins on aggregation and adhesion of epitheliolike cells].

Normal course of processes of regeneration and epitheliazation of damage tissues has been shown to be based on the capability of cells participating in these processes for selective adhesion. In the case of the complete or partial absence of this capability in the cells-participants of the wound healing process, the so-called non-healing wounds appear. In this connection, it remains actual to search for natural agents promoting healing of chronic non-healing wounds. In the present work, we studied effects of synthetic fragments of leukocytic antimicrobial peptides defensines--GER, FGER, and GERA--on aggregation and adhesion of epitheliolike cells of the CHO-K1 line. These peptides have been established to have aggregate-stimulating properties; besides, they enhance adhesion of the cells to the untreated plastic and inhibit fibronectinmediated cell adhesion. Possible pathways of regulation by peptides of processes of intercellular and cell-matrix interaction are discussed as well as ways of release of these compounds in an organism and their functional role in an organism.

[The effect of new synthetic fragments of thymus hormones on the proliferative response of lymphocytes]. / Vliianie novykh sinteticheskikh fragmentov timusnykh gormonov na proliferativnyi otvet limfotsitov.

Influence of three new artificial fragments of beta-thymosines Phe-Asp-Lys-Ala, Glu-Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys and Thr-Leu-Pro-Thr on phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferative response of human lymphocytes was studied. These peptides studied either stimulated or inhibited incorporation of 3H-thymidine in cell cultures of human lymphocytes. Possible mechanisms of these effects of the peptides on lymphocyte proliferation are discussed.

[Different effects of peptides and their amino acids on antibody production and phagocytic activity of the neutrophils in mice]. / Neodnoznachnost' deistviia peptidov i sostavliaiushchikh ikh aminokislot na antitelogenez i fagotsitarnuiu aktivnost' neitrofilov u myshei.

The effects of some natural polypeptides fragments and amino acids which were incorporated in them on the thymus-dependent SRBC immune response and on the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus by murine peritoneal neutrophils were compared. It was found that the peptides LGIP and PYIK which consisted of those amino acids that stimulated phagocytosis but did influence the immune response (K, P, Y, L) did not change the immune response as well as phagocytosis. The peptides TKPR, TTKD and LGIPE which included those amino acids that were able to stimulate both immune response and phagocytosis (T, E, D) enhanced both activities. Nevertheless the peptide PYIKV containing valine (that stimulated the antibody production as well as phagocytosis) did not effect the immune response but enhanced the phagocytic index. The existence of two immunoregulatory systems--the peptide system and the amino acid one--was suggested.

[The effect of synthetic protein fragments on humoral immune response]. / Vliianie sinteticheskikh fragmentov belkov na gumoral'nyi immunnyi otbet.

Effect of some protein and immunopeptide synthetic fragments on the humoral immune response has been studied. Some investigated peptides are shown to influence the antibody genesis at the secondary immune response to T-dependent antigen (bovine serum albumin) in mice. The serum antibody level specific for the bovine serum albumin is measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Possible mechanisms of the influence of such peptide fragments on the immune system is discussed.

[Specific proteinase plasma sorption in surgery with artificial blood circulation]. / Spetsificheskaia plazmosorbtsiia proteinaz pri operatsiiakh s isskustvennym krovoobrashcheniem.

Cardiosurgery with artificial circulation (AC) is attended with activation of plasma cascade proteolytic systems, which leads to homeostatic disturbances and postoperative complications. AC with the use of specific proteinase plasma sorption in a column with sepharose-immobilized acid-base proteinase inhibitor from human urine prevents activation of proteinase in the plasma. Application of specific plasma sorption facilitates rapid restoration of the plasma protein concentration lowered during AC, improves the course of the postoperative period, and reduces the risk of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and nervous complications.

[Variants of procedures of artificial blood circulation and the proteinase activity of the blood]. / Varianty provedeniia iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia i proteinaznaia aktivnost' plazmy krovi.

The use of a "Cell-Saver" technique prevented hyperproteolysis and deletion of proteinase inhibitors in the blood plasma of patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. The technique also improved the course of the postoperative period, decreased the incidence of lung complications and prevented effectively postoperative bleedings. A prognostic value of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor to trypsin activity ratio in the blood plasma of patients subject of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery has been demonstrated.

[Immunomodulating and analgesic activity of synthetic fragments of various proteins and immunopeptides]. / Immunomoduliruiushchaia i anal'geticheskaia aktivnost' sinteticheskikh fragmentov razlichnykh belkov i immunopeptidov.

The biological activity of certain new peptides synthesized by the classic methods of peptide chemistry is investigated. The characteristic feature of these peptides is that they are parts of the sequences of many naturally occurring proteins and immunopeptides (beta-lactoglobulin, vicilin, B-hordein, gamma-gliadin, histones, Thy-I-antigen, thymosin beta, leukocyte interferon, neutrophil peptides and others) tested by the computer methods. Most of the investigated peptides are shown to enhance E-rosette-forming activity of human T-lymphocytes and to possess the analgesic activity. In some cases the analgesic effect was antagonized by naloxone. The possible mechanism of appearance of such peptide fragments and their biological role in human organism is discussed.

[Effect of synthetic fragments of thymic peptide hormones on learning and memory processes]. / Vliianie sinteticheskikh fragmentov peptidnykh gormonov timusa na protessy obucheniia i pamiati.

Seven synthetic peptide fragments of thymic hormones were investigated using behavioral and electrophysiological methods. Splenopentin was shown to increase markedly learning capacities and memory. In contrast, alpha 1-thymosin fragment decreased them. Other peptides only slightly affected the capacities. Two active peptides seem to affect the level of activation of subcortical structures responsible for the excitation and inhibition.

[Inhibition of human granulocyte elastase by antibodies to leukocyte thermostable alpha-glycoprotein]. / Ingibirovanie élastazy granulotsitov cheloveka antitelami protiv leikotsitarnogo termostabil'nogo al'fa-glikoproteida.

The activity of granulocyte elastase (GE) was discovered in the preparations of leukocyte thermostable alpha-glycoprotein (LTG) isolated from pus by means of ion-exchange chromatography. The activity of GE was determined according to MeoSuc(Ala)2ProValpNa hydrolysis. The antibodies against LTG were isolated from monospecific antisera. Sepharose with immobilized fraction of pus proteins was utilized as immunosorbent. Isolated antibodies to LTG inhibited the GE activity. An inhibitory effect of antibodies increased with the increase in their concentration. The identity or binding of LTG and GE was suggested. The binding of LTG with pus protein component was discovered, the biological meaning of this phenomenon being unknown.

[Ability of amino acid components of proteins to stimulate the thymus-dependent immune response]. / Sposobnost' nekotorykh aminokislot, vkhodiashchikh v sostav belka, stimulirovat' timuszavisimyi immunnyi otvet.

The ability of protein amino acids to facilitate differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into T lymphocytes in vitro and to stimulate primary immune response to sheep red blood cells in vivo was studied. Nine out of twenty amino acids (aspartic acid, asparagine, glutaminic acid, cysteine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, alanine and valine) were shown to possess immunologic activity, with the highest activity revealed in aspartic acid.

[Effect of beta-lipoprotein derivatives on the drinking and feeding behavior of rats]. / Vliianie riada proizvodnykh beta-lipotropina na pit'evoe i pishchevoe povedenie krys.

The effects of some previously unexplored beta-lipotropin derivatives (fragments of beta-MSH 4-7 and 5-8 corresponding to fragments of beta-lipotropin 40-43, 41-44; an enkephalin analog--an enkephalin-like tetrapeptide Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phen-NH2) on drinking and food behavior of rats were studied and compared. beta-MSH 5-8 was found to possess a remarkable dipsogenic action but to produce no effect on food intake in rats. At the same time a structurally related analog beta-MSH 4-7 and enkephalin-like tetrapeptide did not alter drinking behavior of animals, exerting, however, a substantial satiating action on hungry rats and initiating food behaviour in fed animals. The effects of the peptides on drinking and food behavior appeared long-term, persisting for 14-16 days and even up to 4-4.5 months upon administration of the enkephalin-like tetrapeptide. The data obtained suggest that the structural similarity of peptides does not always determine the common characteristics of their physiological effects which depend to a considerable degree on the initial food motivation.

[Identity of kininogenase and plasminogen activators in human granulocytes]. / K voprosu ob identichnosti kininogenazy i aktivatora plazminogena granulotsitov cheloveka.

It was shown that the plasminogen activator inhibitor, ZGlyGlyArgCH2Cl, inactivates the kininogenase and plasminogen activator activities in the whole human granulocyte lysate and human granulocyte proteinase fractions isolated by isoelectrofocusing from the granulocyte lysate (pH 3-10). The kinetics of irreversible inhibition of the ZGlyGlyArgpNA-amidase activity in granulocyte proteinase fractions (pI 10.75, 8.9 and 8.3) by ZGlyGlyArgCH2Cl was measured. These data confirm the earlier obtained results on the trypsin-like nature of the human granulocyte plasminogen activator and its identity to this cell kininogenase.

[Inhibition of human granulocyte elastase and kininogenase]. / Ingibirovanie élastazy i kininogenazy granulotsitov cheloveka.

Using an inhibitory analysis, the different enzymatic nature of kininogenase and elastase activities in serine proteinase fractions (pI 8.3-10.75) isolated from human granulocyte lysates by isoelectrofocusing was demonstrated. The thermo- and acid-stable serine proteinase inhibitor from rabbit serum was shown to completely inhibit the kininogenase activity in these fractions but to have no inhibiting action on the elastase activity. On the contrast, the specific granulocyte elastase inhibitor, N-3-carbomethoxypropanoyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-chloromethylketone , inhibits granulocyte elastase and does not inhibit the kininogenase activity in lysate fractions. The efficiency of granulocyte elastase inhibition by this chloromethylketone is evaluated by the kinetic parameters k3, Ki. The values of k3/Ki for granulocyte elastase forms with pI of 10.75, 8.9 and 8.0 are 1430, 670 and 360 M-1 S-1, respectively and show effective inhibition of the three forms by this inhibitor. Based on the different degree of inhibition of the three elastase forms by chloromethylketone inhibitor the existence of the family of elastaselike enzymes in human granulocytes is postulated.

[Identity of human granulocyte kininogenase and plasminogen activator]. / Ob identichnosti kininogenazy granulotsitov cheloveka s aktivatorom plazminogena.

Preparative isoelectrofocusing used for fractionating the whole human granulocyte lysate serine proteinases revealed multiple forms of elastase, cathepsin G, kininogenase, human granulocytes plasminogen activator (pI 6.2-10.75). Kinetic characteristics of their substrate specificity were also obtained. It is shown that serine kininogenase of human granulocytes is not identical with elastase as it had been supposed before, it is of trypsin-like nature and is identical with plasminogen activator of these cells. The results obtained reveal new aspects in comprehension of the role of the granulocyte plasminogen activator in development of the inflammatory reaction. It is found that acid-stable proteinase inhibitors formed from blood plasma inter-alpha-inhibitor of trypsin, have an inhibitory effect on the granulocyte plasminogen activator, that supports an assumption on the anti-inflammatory function of these inhibitors.