ABSTRACT
Results of the analysis of morphological abnormalities in coniferous plants from the Chernobyl exclusion zone are described. It is shown that such features as total and individual protein content, genome organization and peculiarities of its expression, and karyotype are different for the control and morphologically abnormal needles. A possible role of the cytoskeleton structures in the abnormal morphogenesis in plants is discussed.
Subject(s)
Cytoskeleton/radiation effects , Genome, Plant , Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Tracheophyta/radiation effects , Cytoskeleton/chemistry , Cytoskeleton/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Genes, Plant , Morphogenesis , Plant Leaves/cytology , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/radiation effects , Plant Proteins/analysis , Tracheophyta/cytology , Tracheophyta/genetics , UkraineABSTRACT
Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with plant root system in term of molecular and cellular events have been analysed. A role of AM symbiosis in plant life has been discussed. Molecular methods for analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been described.
Subject(s)
Mycorrhizae/physiology , Plants/microbiology , SymbiosisABSTRACT
Comparative study of long-term existing genome damages in the chronically irradiated pine seeds from different parts of Chernobyl zone have been performed by a pulsed field gel electrophoresis and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Some differences were established for DNA degradation kinetic from protoplasts with various accumulated doses of irradiation. Results obtained could testify the existence of long-living changes in the experimental plants genome.
Subject(s)
Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Seeds/radiation effects , Trees/radiation effects , DNA Damage , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Trees/embryology , Trees/genetics , UkraineABSTRACT
Comparative analysis for different antibodies' binding sites at the proteins samples, which were isolated from control and morphologically abnormal coniferous plants tissues have been investigated. Monoclonal antibodies against cytoskeletal proteins (actin, alpha- and beta tubulin), hsp 70 and against phosphotyrosine were used. It was detected that investigated biochemical features reflect morphological similarities between different plant species. Some differences between cytoskeleton proteins content in control and abnormal tissues have been also indicated. It is assumed that abnormal morphogenesis may be determined by low-level chronic irradiation during plants growth and development.
Subject(s)
Plant Leaves/radiation effects , Plant Proteins/radiation effects , Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Trees/radiation effects , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Immunochemistry , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Proteins/analysis , Species Specificity , Trees/anatomy & histology , Trees/chemistry , UkraineABSTRACT
The review is devoted to the problem of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins) in plant objects. The chronology of studies, dealt with search of metallothionein-like proteins in plant tissues is described. Data about the structure and function of metallothioneins, the features of metallothioneins-like gene expression in plants is shown. The role of metallothioneins as stress proteins, which are involved in formation of plant reaction on the influence of different stress factors, is discussed.
Subject(s)
Metallothionein/chemistry , Plants/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Metallothionein/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Plants/genetics , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidABSTRACT
The features of antimitotic substances as radioprotectors were studied. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that taxol revealed radioprotective features concerning the process of polymerization of irradiated microtubules. These results were the basis for the use of taxol and some other substances with high affinity for cytoskeleton proteins as potential radiomodificators in vivo. Experiments with cultivated fibroblasts revealed that colchicine significantly enhances radioactive injuries of cells while taxol and phalloidin manifest their radioprotective features.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy , Radiation-Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Brain/ultrastructure , Cattle , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Colchicine/toxicity , Cytoskeletal Proteins/drug effects , Cytoskeletal Proteins/radiation effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , L Cells/drug effects , L Cells/radiation effects , Mice , Microtubules/drug effects , Microtubules/radiation effects , Paclitaxel/therapeutic use , Paclitaxel/toxicity , Phalloidine/therapeutic use , Phalloidine/toxicity , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology , Radiation-Protective Agents/toxicity , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The process of polymerization of microtubules isolated from bovine brain by two polymerization-depolymerization cycles has been investigated at temperatures 41 and 45 degrees C. The damages of the polymerization process using the registration of the optical solution density are shown. The electron microscopic analysis has shown the damages in the structure of microtubules formed at high temperatures.
