ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) with rising prevalence worldwide. DM increases the risk for depression as the prevalence of depression has been reported to be three times more in diabetics than in non-diabetics. Though depressive symptoms are more common in diabetes, they are not usually recognized and treated. Little is known about the predictors of depression in this group of people, especially among the Nigerian population. This study explored the sociodemographic factors associated with depression in patients with type 2 DM without prior psychiatric history. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among two hundred and sixty-four patients using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Chi-square tests were performed to compare associations between categorical variables. A probability (p) value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Females [176 (66%)] were three times more than males [88 (33.3%)] respectively. The prevalence of depression was 49.2%. Level of education (p= 0.008), occupation (p= 0.014), and social class (p= 0.040) were significantly associated with depression among the respondents. Depression was higher among the older age group, females, and the widowed. Conclusion: Females and older adults were more affected by depression. The predictors of depression were level of education, occupation, and social class. Thus, there is a need to screen those who have been diagnosed with T2DM for depression, especially females and older adult patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dental attendance is regarded as one of the essential pointers to oral health education and awareness. Dental visit of children is often dependent on factors related to the parents/caregivers' health seeking behaviour. Routine dental attendance has been shown to be associated with better oral health care.Objective: To assess the pattern of presentation, reason for presentation and treatment of paediatric dental patients at a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Methodology: It was a retrospective study which involved data retrieval from the patient's record books from July 2018 to June 2021. Data on age, gender, presenting complaint, impression/diagnosis and treatment were collected from the dental records and analysed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22. Result: Out of 6645 records, complete data of 329(5%) children were used for the study. Children within the age range of 6-12 years old were in the majority, 203(61.7%). Female children attended more 179 (54.4%) compared to the males 150 (45.6%). Pain was the major reason for dental attendance (41%) and the commonest diagnosis made was sequelae of dental caries 93 (23.4%). The treatment offered most was tooth extraction 124 (37.7%), while the least was apexogenesis 2 (0.6%). The relationship between age and sequelae of dental caries was statistically significant. Conclusion: Children within the mixed dentition stage attended the clinic more because of complications of dental caries. Pain was the major complaint, and the majority of the children lost their teeth because they presented late.
ABSTRACT
Objective: There was a lot of panic when the COVID-19 pandemic started because a lot was not known about it. However, as the disease unfolded, proven scientific universal precautions are recommended to curb its spread. Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of people living in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to consenting participants using the SurveyMonkey and data was collected on sociodemographic knowledge of the aetiology and prevention of COVID-19. Analysis was done with the SPSS version 25. Results: Eighty-five participants with age ranging from 18 to 60 years took part in the study. The mean age was 37.35 ± 11.7years. Forty-seven (47%) had knowledge that COVID-19 infection is from a virus. 29.4% thought it is caused by biological weapons, 1.2% from 5G internet, 7.1% as government's ploy to embezzle money and 9.4% conspiracy theory from the world leaders to reduce world's population. All participants knew that hand washing is a preventive measure against the spread of COVID-19 and majority agreed to the use of sanitizers, social distancing and disinfection of surfaces. Only 30.6% agreed that wearing of facemasks will serve as a preventive measure. Over 90% of the participants agreed that dissemination of appropriate information, use of universal precautions, isolation and intensive treatment of those infected can help prevent the spread of COVID-19. 11.8% of participants knew that additional precautions are needed for aerosol generating procedures. Conclusion: The knowledge of COVID-19 aetiology is poor among the populace and the need to wear face masks as a preventive measure in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 needs to be emphasized.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Opinion , Knowledge , Personal Protective Equipment , COVID-19 , Public Health , Disease ManagementABSTRACT
Nigeria's mental health policy was formulated in 1991, but it did not make adequate provision for community-based psychiatric care. Since there are only seven government-owned psychiatry facilities in Nigeria and these are always overwhelmed, there is the need to overhaul the existing policy and emphasise the urgency of a shift from inpatient psychiatric mental healthcare towards a community-based multidisciplinary psychiatric healthcare system.
