Studies on renal arteries origin from the aorta in respect to superior mesenteric artery in Polish population.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the location of the branchingof the renal arteries from the aorta in respect to superior mesenteric artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred twenty four vasculorenal samples were collected from corpses (180 male and 144 female), and subject to X-ray contrasting and preparation. The distance between the branching of selected arteries from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was measured. Results were subject to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results were presented in group A (191/324; 58.9%) considering subjects with bilateral, single renal arteries, as well as group B (133/324; 41.1%) considering patients with multiple renal arteries. The average distance between SMA and the renal artery in group A male patients was 0.6 ± 0.57 cm, while in group B 1.3 ± 2.03 cm (p = 0.0001). In the case of female A patients, results amounted to 0.66 ± 0.58 cm and 1.12 ± 1.7 cm, respectively (p = 0.006). The above mentioned left-sided distance in male group A was 0.89 ± 56 cm, while the right-sided distance 0.73 ± 0.94 cm (p = 0.382). In female A patients 0.80 ± 0.50 cm and 0.71 ± 0.89 cm, respectively (p = 0.615). In left-sided group B male patients the distance amounted to 0.87 ± 0.70 cm, and the right-sided distance 0.71 ± 0.60 cm (p = 0.291). Considering female patients results were as follows: 0.82 ± 0.51 cm (left) and 71 ± 1.21 cm (right), respectively (p = 0.706). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the described topography of renal artery branching from the aorta should be considered in the preoperative planning of vascular kidney system radiology examinations, as well as retroperitoneal surgical and urological procedures, especially endoscopic kidney transplantations.

Renal vascularisation anomalies in the Polish population. Coexistence of arterial and venous anomalies in the vascular pedicle of the kidney.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the coexistence of arterial and venous anomalies in the vascular pedicle of the kidney in the Polish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 550 corpses, including 281 male (mean age 52 ± 22 years), and 269 female corpses (mean age 56.4 ± ± 23 years) (p = 0.02). The vascular bundle was removed together with the kidney, "en bloc"; the vessels were subject to radiological contrasting and preparation. The obtained results were subject to statistical analysis (the exact Fisher test, c2 test of independence for cross-tabulation 2 × 2 tables, and the odds ratio with the confidence interval at a level of 0.95, calculated on the basis of the contin- gency dependence). Statistica 12 and Microsoft Excel were used for calculations. RESULTS: Variations in the structure of the renal venous system were observed in 33.8%; insignificantly more often in male (35.9%), as compared to female patients (31.6%). Deviations in the structure of the renal arteries were observed significantly more often in patients with renal venous system developmental disorders (p = 0.0071). In patients with a normal renal venous system, arterial kidney structure deviations were observed in 34.9% of cases, significantly more often in male (40%), as compared to female (29.7%) patients (p = 0.043). On the other hand, in venous system pathologies, the above-mentioned deviations were observed in 46.8% of cases (p = 0.002). Amongst developmental anomalies of the venous system, right-sided venous excess was observed in 20.4% of cases, including 48% of renal artery developmental pathologies, significantly more often in male (61.3%), as compared to female (32%) patients (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Renal artery anomalies of the kidney vascular pedicle are significan- tly correlated with the coexistence of venous system variations. This is especially true for male patients, which favours female kidneys for transplantation.

Investigations on renal vascularisation pathology in the Polish population. 1. Incidence of multiple kidney arteries.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of multiple kidney arteries in the Polish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 924 deceased patients aged between 1 month and 94 years (mean age: 63.4 ± 22.4 years) who were subject to aortonephrography and sample preparation. The ratio of male to female patients was 479:445. RESULTS: Multiple kidney arteries were observed in 44.8% male and 31.5% female patients (p = 0.004). Considering male patients, right multiple kidney arteries were diagnosed in 24.4%, and left multiple kidney arteries in 31.3% of cases (p = 0.017). In female patients, right multiple kidney arteries were observed in 17.8% of cases, and left multiple kidney arteries in 19.6% of cases (p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of multiple kidney arteries in the Polish population is a frequent phenomenon, and should be considered in case of urological surgery and kidney transplantation.

Investigations on uterine fatty lesions.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of UFLs and the dynamics of their development, as well as to evaluate the histopathology and relationship with regressive stromal changes. 3750 uterine specimens were reviewed during the period between 1984 and 2003. In the examined series of 3750 uteruses removed due to tumors or prolapse, 50 cases with four types of changes were chosen: adipocytic metaplasia of primary uterine leiomyomas (70% of cases), adipocytic metaplasia of interlobular stroma of primary uterine tumors (16%), adipocytic aggregates in the uterine muscle (8%), and pure lipomas (6%). Additionally, the cases were divided into three groups depending on the extent of fatty changes. Group 1 (48% of cases) consisted of cases in which less than 25% of the changes were present in the examined material. In group 2 (28% of cases) the fatty changes were between 25 and 50%. In group 3 (16% of cases) fatty changes constituted more than 50% of the examined specimen. The extent of adipocytic changes was connected with patient age, being significant between groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.01). Regressive stromal changes in leiomyomas occurred more often in middle-aged patients, with stage 2 lipomatosis than in other subgroups. Among 46 cases of UFLs two patients were diagnosed with a coexisting malignant uterine neoplasm (4.35%). In four patients with muscular lipomatosis, two were diagnosed with a coexisting malignant uterine tumor too (50%). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Uterine fatty lesions are rarely diagnosed, although they occur more often than previously thought. 2. Mixed tumors predominate over pure lipomas. 3. The histogenesis of these lesions seems to be multi-factorial, considering the different types of UFLs. 4. The extent of uterine fatty metaplasia positively correlated with the age of operated women. 5. The coexistence of UFLs with other malignant uterine neoplasms is accidental.

Investigations into human tracheal cartilage osseocalcineus metaplasia. I. Radiographic findings.

Osseocalcineus metaplasia (OCM) of the tracheal cartilages is well known, but no exact data are available relating it to age and sex. To resolve this problem we analysed tracheal teleradiograms of 99 female (age: 0.4-92; x = 59.98 +/- +/- 22.75 years) and 110 male patients (age: 0-83; x = 53.53 +/- 19.95 years). As the first step we estimated the percentage of trachea that had complete lesions, those that had trace lesions and those that were unchanged in relation to the patient's age and sex. Secondly we determined the extent and growth of developing lesions during the process of ageing. Data were collected for all the cartilages, with two cartilages with trace lesions considered to be of similar value to one cartilage with complete remodelling. This enabled us to determine the correlation coefficient for changed cartilages and patient age and also the dynamism of OCM in the trachea examined. The chi2 and Student's t tests were used in determining the mean differences between subgroups. The lesions referred to above occurred in 66.35% of men and in 33.33% of women and correlated with age (r = 0.93, p < 0.001 in men, and r = 0.27, p < 0.01 in women). Total remodelling of the OCM occurred in the oldest age group, when both sexes were taken into consideration, while cartilages with trace changes were detected in the younger group of patients. The lowest mean patient age was observed in the group without tracheal changes. Osseocalcineus metaplasia of the tracheal cartilages was conditioned by patient age and sex. In male patients it occurred twice as often as in females. Until the age of 50 it occurred as much as nine times as often, while after this age it occurred only twice as often as in female patients.

[Weight (mass) of the thyroid in assessment of endemic goiter]. / Ciezar (masa) tarczycy w ocenie endemii wola.

The weight of thyroids from cadavers in the Province of Wroclaw in the year 1991 was not lower and, on the contrary it was frequently higher than in the year 1957. One of the causes of this may be incorrectly conducted iodine prophylaxis. Other causes cannot be ruled out including the influence of pollution after Chernobyl reactor disaster. The data from the Province of Lublin indicate that mass of thyroids in this region is even higher than that in the Province of Wroclaw considered to be the area of goitre endemic.

Leydig cell nodular hyperplasia in human biomorphosis.

In 120 left testicles of patients who had died suddenly or in accidents and whose age ranged from 17 to 87 years (average: 53 +/- 18 years) the percent (V%) and total weight of Leydig cells were determined. Then the V% and the total mass Leydig cells were correlated with the values of morphometrically determined structural elements of the gonad and spermatogenic activity of the seminal tubules. It was found that the V% of these cells correlated positively with the V% of tubular membranes and the proportion of hyalinized tubules as well as with the number of tubular cross-sections per test field (a). There was a negative correlation with the testicular weight, the V% of the germinal epithelium and the V% of the testicular stroma. In contrast, total weight of Leydig cells correlated positively only with the testicular weight. The amount of Leydig cells was not associated with age. Based upon the present results it is believed that nodular Leydig cell hyperplasia observed in the atrophic gonad is of relative type.

Studies on teratospermatogenesis occurrence in man.

In 462 left testes of males, died in the age of 17-91 years (x = 51,9 +/- 16,8 years) the occurrence frequency and the degree of teratospermatogenesis activity was assessed. In the whole material, the phenomenon occurred in 84% of cases. In 47,83% of cases the grade of intensity was low (+), in 22% high ( ), in 14% moderate (++). Alcoholic intoxication occurred to have the heaviest impact on teratospermatogenesis frequency (92,5%); in liver cirrhosis the occurrence frequency was significantly more rare (76%). The age of cadavers and the weight of the gonad did not correlate with teratospermatogenesis occurrence frequency. Postmortem autolysis was not connected with the phenomenon occurrence also. It correlated positively albeit with type II and III seminiferous tubules, i.e. with tubules, where spermatogenesis was stopped on the stage of spermatids and spermatocytes, and negatively with hyalinized tubules, and also with the V% value of tubular membranes.

Histometry of male gonad in liver cirrhosis.

Left testicles of 125 male patients with cirrhosis and 124 control males were subjected to histometric analysis. The ages of the patients with cirrhosis ranged from 31 to 92 a (mean = 59 a) and in controls, it was from 17 to 87 a (mean = 53 a). In the testicles in cirrhosis, the mean partial value of the V% of the spermatogenic epithelium statistically decreased significantly by a factor of 1.21, that of Leydig cells by 1.32 and interstitial tissue by 1.23, while the mean value of V% of tubular membranes increased by a factor of 1.68 and that of blood vessels by 1.48. The mean partial area of the tubular cross-sections significantly decreased in the cirrhosis group by a factor of 1.3, and by the same factor, the mean number of tubular cross-sections increased per mm2 of the whole testicular sectional plane. The total volume of the tubular system decreased in cirrhosis by a factor of 1.4, and the total weight of Leydig cells by 1.8 in relation to the control group. In complete cirrhosis only, the mean partial area of tubular cross-sections decreased by a factor of 1.15, and the total weight of Leydig cells by 1.42 in relation to incomplete cirrhosis. The type of cirrhosis and the degree of its inflammatory activity were without any significant influence (with the exception of isolated elements) on the differences in the quantitative composition of testicular tissue. However, such effect was exerted by the degree of fatty infiltration of the cirrhotic liver.

Correlation coefficient between the topological index of sudanophilic bodies (SLey) and various types of spermatogenic tubules in male gonad in human biomorphosis.

The purpose of the study was determination of the value of the correlation coefficient between the spermatogenic activity and the value of the topological index of the sudanophilic bodies (S.b.) in the ageing male gonad. The reported study was carried out on 61 left-sided testicles of individuals who died in traffic accidents or after myocardial infarction or stroke. Their ages ranges from 22 to 95 years (mean 55.2 years). A negative correlation was found between S Ley and tubules with highly progressed spermatogenesis, and a positive correlation between S Ley and tubules with arrested spermatogenesis. Of interest was the observation that the correlation became evident only in middle age. An unequivocal interpretation on these results are difficult. Further studies are suggested.

Studies on the size of human male gonad in biomorphosis, alcohol intoxication, and cirrhosis--a review and own findings.

The size of the testicle (absolute weight, relative weight as the index X, length, and width was measured in 142 late patients aged 17 to 87 a (mean age = 54 a) serving as controls, in 193 deceased patients aged 20 to 81 a (mean age = 47 a) with a history of alcoholism, and in 136 defunct patients aged 30 to 92 a (mean age = 59 a) with cirrhosis. A significant difference in the mean size of the testicles was demonstrated between the cirrhosis group and both the control and alcoholism groups. No statistically significant differences was observed between the control group and the alcoholism group. The degree of acute alcoholic intoxication has no significant effect on the degree of testicular atrophy. Chronic alcoholism exerted a more significant effect on the degree of testicular atrophy than acute alcoholism. Coexistent cirrhosis increased this difference even more. The type of cirrhosis and the degree of its inflammatory activity had no significant influence on the testicular size. Such effect was demonstrated, however, if diffuse fatty infiltration of the cirrhotic liver was present. In the biomorphosis, the greatest mean testicular size was observed in the 4th and 5th decade of life. From the 6th decade on, the testicular size decreased statistically significantly. The curve of the values of the mean testicular size in alcoholism was more flat than in the control group and was situated below it. No statistically significant differences among the values of the testicular size in this curve were found. The testicular size curve in cirrhosis was below both these curves, and a statistically significant difference was found between the 7th and the 9th decades. The mean weight of the testicules in controls, alcoholics, and patients with cirrhosis was 17.58, 16.49, and 13.25 g, respectively, the mean volume was 16.37, 15.34, and 12.21 ml, respectively, the value of the index X was 2.47, 2.52, and 1.97, respectively, the testicular length was 5.05, 4.08, and 3.61 cm, respectively, the width was 2.93, 2.87, and 2.70 cm, respectively.

Topological shifts of sudanophilic bodies in ageing male gonad.

The topological index of sudanophilic bodies was determined in 69 testicles of men aged from 16 to 87 years (mean age 53.5 years) divided into 3 age groups, from 16 to 40 years, from 41 to 60 years, and from 61 to 87 years. A significant fall of sudanophilia was demonstrated in Leydig cells from 17.6% in young men to 11.15% in middle-aged men, and with a further non-significant fall to 8.2% in old men. Since this index demonstrates relative changes of sudanophilia, a significant increase was found in the content of lipoid bodies in the tubular epithelium in middle-aged men in relation to those dying at younger age (from 82.4% to 88.85%), and with a non-significant increase in the group of old men as compared to middle-aged men (from 88.85% to 91.8%). The relevant data from the literature are discussed and the necessity is suggested of further studies on changes of the topological index of testicular sudanophilia in relation to changes in the number of Leydig's cells and other typical features of ageing testicles.