ABSTRACT
Bacterial species of the genus Anaplasma are tick transmitted pathogens that negatively impact on animal productions and generate veterinary and public health concerns. This paper reports the identification, molecular characterization and phylogeny of novel unclassified A. platys-like strains in cats. Interestingly, these novel strains are closely related to conspecific strains recently identified in ruminants, and significantly differ from A. platys. A. platys-like strains in cats, unlike ruminants strains, show tropism for platelets. Results have implications in the diagnostic scenario of animal anaplasmosis and provide background for reconstructing the evolutionary history of species genetically related to A. platys.
Subject(s)
Anaplasma/classification , Anaplasmosis/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Anaplasma/genetics , Anaplasma/isolation & purification , Anaplasmosis/microbiology , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Base Sequence , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Cats , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary , TropismABSTRACT
The authors identify six kinds of segmental femoral fractures. Such classification, however, does not simplify the problem of therapeutic approach. Since every fracture combination has its own unique characteristics, prearranged outlines of treatment are useless. A satisfactory surgical solution cannot be achieved without a general clinical evaluation.
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Bone Nails , Bone Plates , Bone Wires , Femoral Fractures/classification , Femoral Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , RadiographyABSTRACT
The authors report their results in the surgical treatment of supra-intercondylar fractures of the femur and compare the efficacy of the different methods used. Their analysis shows that anatomical restoration of the joint line and firm stabilisation of the supracondylar fragments in correct alignment with the metaphysis are the essential aims of surgery capable of producing satisfactory results.
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biomechanical Phenomena , Female , Femoral Fractures/classification , Femoral Fractures/physiopathology , Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation , Fracture Fixation, Internal/standards , Gait , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrognosisABSTRACT
In view of the high incidence of non-union following the conservative treatment of fractures of the dens of the axis, the authors report the results obtained with a surgical technique of posterior arthrodesis of the first two cervical vertebrae. This technique has proved so successful that the authors are inclined to favour its use even in recent lesions.
Subject(s)
Axis, Cervical Vertebra/injuries , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Odontoid Process/injuries , Spinal Fusion/methods , Adult , Aged , Casts, Surgical , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odontoid Process/diagnostic imaging , RadiographyABSTRACT
Thirty-eight consecutive segmental fractures of the tibia were treated by intramedullary nailing with the Küntscher-Herzog nail. Twenty-two fractures were closed and sixteen were open. Reaming of the medullary cavity was performed and adequate fixation was ensured by use of a plaster cast. Weight-bearing was allowed after thirty-days for closed fractures and sixty days for open fractures. All of the closed fractures healed without malunion or infection. Of the patients with open fractures, one had an infection; one, non-union; and one, malunion. In all cases but one, union was slower at the distal fracture.
Subject(s)
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Adult , Aged , Bone Nails , Casts, Surgical , Female , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Necrosis , Radiography , Skin/pathology , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Tibia/blood supply , Tibial Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Wound HealingSubject(s)
Cartilage/transplantation , Graft Survival , Transplantation, Heterologous , Transplantation, Homologous , Animals , Cartilage/anatomy & histology , Ear Cartilage/transplantation , Postoperative Complications/immunology , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Rabbits , Rats , Ribs , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The authors describe the satisfactory results obtained in sixteen intercondyloid fractures of the humerus, thirteen of which were treated surgically. The preference for surgical treatment in such fractures is based in the assumption that, as in all articular fractures, a good functional result can only be achieved if there is the most perfect possible reconstruction of the fragments and the joint surface. A classification is therefore suggested which is based not purely on anatomical criteria, but is also related to treatment and prognosis. The slendor nature of the distal end of the humerus and the danger of metal reaction call for the use of fixation devices that are efficient but slender, such as fine screws and crossed wires. The precise method of fixation is conditioned above all by the direction of the fracture lines. More solid fixation with early mobilisation can be achieved by compression screws, and less solid fixation with longer immobilisation is achieved by fixation with crossed Kirschner wires. Consequently, the more oblique types of fracture with fragments with long beaks that allow more stable fixation with compression screws have the more favourable prognosis. In the evaluation of results, the authors emphasize the importance of using parameters which take into account the functionally useful range of joint movement.
