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1.
Radiat Environ Biophys ; 54(4): 445-51, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26319788

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to apply the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay in combination with chromosome painting of peripheral blood lymphocytes for retrospective biological dosimetry of Mayak nuclear power plant workers exposed chronically to external gamma radiation. These data were compared with physical dose estimates based on monitoring with badge dosimeters throughout each person's working life. Chromosome translocation yields for 94 workers of the Mayak production association were measured in three laboratories: Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Leiden University Medical Center and the former Health Protection Agency of the UK (hereinafter Public Health England). The results of the study demonstrated that the FISH-based translocation assay in workers with prolonged (chronic) occupational gamma-ray exposure was a reliable biological dosimeter even many years after radiation exposure. Cytogenetic estimates of red bone marrow doses from external gamma rays were reasonably consistent with dose measurements based on film badge readings successfully validated in dosimetry system "Doses-2005" by FISH, within the bounds of the associated uncertainties.


Subject(s)
Biological Assay/methods , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Lymphocytes/physiology , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Exposure/analysis , Absorption, Radiation , Aged , Chromosome Painting , Female , Gamma Rays , Humans , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Male , Radioactive Hazard Release , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Translocation, Genetic/radiation effects , Whole-Body Counting
2.
Radiat Environ Biophys ; 54(2): 195-206, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25649482

ABSTRACT

mFISH analysis of chromosome aberration profiles of 47 and 144 h lymphocyte cultures following exposure to 193 mGy α-particle radiation confirmed that the frequency of stable aberrant cells and stable cells carrying translocations remains constant through repeated cell divisions. Age-specific rates and in vitro dose-response curves were used to derive expected translocation yields in nine workers from the Mayak nuclear facility in Russia. Five had external exposure to γ-radiation, two of whom also had exposure to neutrons, and four had external exposure to γ-radiation and internal exposure to α-particle radiation from incorporated plutonium. Doubts over the appropriateness of the dose response used to estimate translocations from the neutron component made interpretation difficult in two of the workers with external exposure, but the other three had translocation yields broadly in line with expectations. Three of the four plutonium workers had translocation yields in line with expectations, thus supporting the application of the recently derived in vitro α-particle dose response for translocations in stable cells. Overall this report demonstrates that with adequate reference in vitro dose-response curves, translocation yield has the potential to be a useful tool in the validation of red bone marrow doses resulting from mixed exposure to external and internal radiation.


Subject(s)
Alpha Particles/adverse effects , Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Plutonium/adverse effects , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nuclear Reactors , Young Adult
3.
Health Phys ; 106(6): 677-81, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24776899

ABSTRACT

Chromosome aberration (translocation) yield was investigated by mFISH in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Mayak Production Association (PA) workers with prolonged occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). A dose threshold for cytogenetic indication of a prolonged occupational radiation exposure was estimated for Mayak PA workers using functions of dose distributions. Two limits were estimated for the indication of IR exposure to workers with a prolonged external gamma-ray exposure: These are a background translocation yield of N0 = 0.812 ± 0.149% and a dose threshold of indication D0 estimated to be approximately 1 Gy.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Nuclear Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Threshold Limit Values , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Probability , Time Factors
4.
Radiat Environ Biophys ; 53(2): 347-54, 2014 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24714826

ABSTRACT

We performed a study on the presence of chromosome aberrations in a cohort of plutonium workers of the Mayak production association (PA) with a mean age of 73.3 ± 7.2 years to see whether by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) translocation analysis can discriminate individuals who underwent occupational exposure with internal and/or external exposure to ionizing radiation 40 years ago. All Mayak PA workers were occupationally exposed to chronic internal alpha-radiation due to incorporated plutonium-239 and/or to external gamma-rays. First, we obtained the translocation yield in control individuals by mFISH to chromosome spreads of age-matched individuals and obtained background values that are similar to previously published values of an international study (Sigurdson et al. in Mutat Res 652:112-121, 2008). Workers who had absorbed a total dose of >0.5 Gy external gamma-rays to the red bone marrow (RBM) displayed a significantly higher frequency of stable chromosome aberrations relative to a group of workers exposed to <0.5 Gy gamma-rays total absorbed RBM dose. Thus, the translocation frequency may be considered to be a biological marker of external radiation exposure even years after the exposure. In a group of workers who were internally exposed and had incorporated plutonium-239 at a body burden >1.48 kBq, mFISH revealed a considerable number of cells with complex chromosomal rearrangements. Linear associations were observed for translocation yield with the absorbed RBM dose from external gamma-rays as well as for complex chromosomal rearrangements with the plutonium-239 body burden.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/radiation effects , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiometry/methods , Color , Female , Humans , Male , Nuclear Reactors , Russia , Young Adult
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