Treatment of distal third humeral shaft fractures with posterior minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with segmental isolation of the radial nerve: minimum one-year follow-up.

Background: Open reduction and internal fixation with plate is one of the most widely used treatments for distal third humeral shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of the treatment of distal third humeral shaft fractures with posterior minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with segmental isolation of the radial nerve. Methods: We performed an observational, retrospective, consecutive, monocentric, continuous multioperator study. We reviewed 22 distal third humeral shaft fractures treated with posterior MIPO in our institution with an extra-articular distal humerus plate from 2018 to 2021. Inclusion was limited to functionally independent patients with displaced fractures involving the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the humerus and minimum 12-month follow-up for implant removal. We assessed clinical outcomes including range of motion; QuickDASH score; Mayo Elbow Performance Score; and Constant-Murley score. Results: The average follow-up period of the sample was 31.7 ± 11.6 months (range, 15.7-51.3 months). The average elbow flexion and extension were 146.4° ± 7.3° (range, 120°-150°) and -0.7° ± 3.3° (range, -15° to 0°), respectively. The average shoulder anterior flexion, elevation, and abduction were 178.6° ± 3.6° (range, 170°-180°), 179.1° ± 2.9° (range, 170°-180°), and 140.9° ± 14.8° (range, 110°-160°), respectively. The average external rotation was 88.6° ± 6.4 (range, 65°-90°). The mean visual analog scale score for pain was 1.0 ± 1.6 (range, 0-5) and the mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 90.5 ± 9.9 (range, 70-100). The mean QuickDASH and Constant-Murley scores were 4.7 ± 6.8 (range, 0-20.5) and 95.5 ± 5.1 (range, 81-100), respectively. Two patients presented with relevant compromise of radial nerve motor function postoperatively (M3 and M2; the more compromised was preoperative injury). All patients recovered radial nerve neuropraxia within six weeks postoperatively. All fractures achieved union. The average anteroposterior and lateral axis were 175.0 ± 3.6 (168.0°-180.0°) and 177.5 ± 2.0 (173.0°-180.0°), respectively. No superficial or deep infection was reported. No cases of re-displacement of fracture, implant failure, or any other implant-related complication in follow-up were reported. No patient required plate withdrawal. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the posterior MIPO technique is a reliable option for treating distal third shaft humeral fractures. The radial nerve must be identified and protected in all cases to prevent palsy.

Biodiversity monitoring for a just planetary future.

Data that influence policy and major investment decisions risk entrenching social and political inequities.

Historical redlining is associated with increasing geographical disparities in bird biodiversity sampling in the United States.

Historic segregation and inequality are critical to understanding modern environmental conditions. Race-based zoning policies, such as redlining in the United States during the 1930s, are associated with racial inequity and adverse multigenerational socioeconomic levels in income and education, and disparate environmental characteristics including tree canopy cover across urban neighbourhoods. Here we quantify the association between redlining and bird biodiversity sampling density and completeness-two critical metrics of biodiversity knowledge-across 195 cities in the United States. We show that historically redlined neighbourhoods remain the most undersampled urban areas for bird biodiversity today, potentially impacting conservation priorities and propagating urban environmental inequities. The disparity in sampling across redlined neighbourhood grades increased by 35.6% over the past 20 years. We identify specific urban areas in need of increased bird biodiversity sampling and discuss possible strategies for reducing uncertainty and increasing equity of sampling of biodiversity in urban areas. Our findings highlight how human behaviour and past social, economic and political conditions not just segregate our built environment but may also leave a lasting mark on the digital information we have about urban biodiversity.

A vision for incorporating human mobility in the study of human-wildlife interactions.

As human activities increasingly shape land- and seascapes, understanding human-wildlife interactions is imperative for preserving biodiversity. Habitats are impacted not only by static modifications, such as roads, buildings and other infrastructure, but also by the dynamic movement of people and their vehicles occurring over shorter time scales. Although there is increasing realization that both components of human activity substantially affect wildlife, capturing more dynamic processes in ecological studies has proved challenging. Here we propose a conceptual framework for developing a 'dynamic human footprint' that explicitly incorporates human mobility, providing a key link between anthropogenic stressors and ecological impacts across spatiotemporal scales. Specifically, the dynamic human footprint integrates a range of metrics to fully acknowledge the time-varying nature of human activities and to enable scale-appropriate assessments of their impacts on wildlife behaviour, demography and distributions. We review existing terrestrial and marine human-mobility data products and provide a roadmap for how these could be integrated and extended to enable more comprehensive analyses of human impacts on biodiversity in the Anthropocene.

Linking animal migration and ecosystem processes: Data-driven simulation of propagule dispersal by migratory herbivores.

Animal migration is a key process underlying active subsidies and species dispersal over long distances, which affects the connectivity and functioning of ecosystems. Despite much research describing patterns of where animals migrate, we still lack a framework for quantifying and predicting how animal migration affects ecosystem processes. In this study, we aim to integrate animal movement behavior and ecosystem functioning by developing a predictive modeling framework that can inform ecosystem management and conservation.We propose a framework to model individual-level migration trajectories between populations' seasonal ranges as well as the resulting dispersal and fate of propagules carried by the migratory animals, which can be calibrated using empirical data at every step of the modeling process. As a case study, we applied our framework to model the spread of guava seeds, Psidium guajava, by a population of migratory Galapagos tortoises, Chelonoidis porteri, across Santa Cruz Island. Galapagos tortoises are large herbivores that transport seeds and nutrients across the island, while Guava is one of the most problematic invasive species in the Galapagos archipelago.Our model can predict the pattern of spread of guava seeds alongside tortoises' downslope migration range, and it identified areas most likely to see establishment success. Our results show that Galapagos tortoises' seed dispersal may particularly contribute to guava range expansion on Santa Cruz Island, due to both long gut retention time and tortoise's long-distance migration across vegetation zones. In particular, we predict that tortoises are dispersing a significant amount of guava seeds into the Galapagos National Park, which has important consequences for the native flora.The flexibility and modularity of our framework allow for the integration of multiple data sources. It also allows for a wide range of applications to investigate how migratory animals affect ecosystem processes, including propagule dispersal but also other processes such as nutrient transport across ecosystems. Our framework is also a valuable tool for predicting how animal-mediated propagule dispersal can be affected by environmental change. These different applications can have important conservation implications for the management of ecosystems that include migratory animals.

An Upgraded, Highly Saturated Linkage Map of Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), and Identification of a New Major Locus Controlling the Flavan-3-ol Composition in Fruits.

Japanese plum fruits are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whose contents vary significantly among cultivars. Catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC) are flavan-3-ol monomers described in the fruits of this species and are associated with bitterness, astringency, antioxidant capacity, and susceptibility to enzymatic mesocarp browning. In this study, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the content of flavan-3-ol in Japanese plum fruits. We evaluated the content of C and EC in the mesocarp and exocarp of samples from 79 and 64 seedlings of an F1 progeny (<'98-99' × 'Angeleno'>) in the first and second seasons, respectively. We also constructed improved versions of linkage maps from '98-99' and 'Angeleno,' presently called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after mapping the already available GBS reads to Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. 'Sanyueli' v2.0 reference genome. These data allowed for describing a cluster of QTLs in the cultivar, 'Angeleno,' associated with the flavan-3-ol composition of mesocarp and exocarp, which explain up to 100% of the C/EC ratio. Additionally, we developed a C/EC metabolic marker, which was mapped between the markers with the highest log of odds (LOD) scores detected by the QTL analysis. The C/EC locus was located in the LG1, at an interval spanning 0.70 cM at 108.30-108.90 cM. Our results suggest the presence of a novel major gene controlling the preferential synthesis of C or EC in the Japanese plum fruits. This study is a significant advance in understanding the regulation of synthesizing compounds associated with fruit quality, postharvest, and human health promotion.

A Systematic Review of Co-Educational Models in School Handball.

This study aims to address the characteristics presented by the co-educational models that have been put into practice in school handball, showing a general overview, after providing a systematic review of the literature on the topic published over the last ten years on co-educational paradigms in the practice of handball as a school sport. For the description and recording of the process of selection and filtering of documentary sources to be analyzed, use was made of the PRISMA flowchart. After the elimination of duplicates and entries not compliant with the criteria for time limits and type of document, the final sample surveyed was composed of thirty academic articles. The results considered (n = 26) showed a presentational pattern divisible into three segments or groups. These were: technical and sporting aspects of handball, highlighting the benefits of this sport in schools relative to other options (n = 7), co-education (n = 8), and results based on differences between the sexes (n = 11). Co-education stresses significant improvements in skills, together with perceived effort, enjoyment, and participation. These lead to improvements in the social climate and group cohesion, thanks to the practice of sports. Handball within schools, seen from a co-educational angle, should be approached with an eye to its predisposition for the development of social and civic skills. These include respect for the rules of a game, teamwork and solidarity, fair play, commitment, and responsibility. This paper lays out precisely and exhaustively the lines of investigation undertaken in the area of co-education, and, more specifically, how this is handled within the practicing of a confrontational team sport like handball.

Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling the Content of Phenolic Compounds in an Asian Plum (Prunus salicina L.) F1 Population.

Consumption of fresh fruit is known to protect against non-communicable diseases due to the fruit's content in compounds with an antioxidant capacity, among them is polyphenols. Asian plums (Prunus salicina L.) accumulate more than 40 phenolic compounds, with a remarkable diversity in their profiles, depending on the variety and environmental conditions. Although candidate genes have been indicated to control this trait, the loci controlling its phenotypic variation have not yet been defined in this species. The aim of this work was to identify the quantitative trait Loci (QTL) controlling the phenolic compounds content in the Asian plum skin and flesh. Using UHPLC-DAD-Orbitrap-MS, we determined that cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside are the main anthocyanins in Asian plums. Other anthocyanins found to a lesser extent were tentatively identified as cyanidin bound to different sugar and procyanidin moieties. Then we phenotyped fruits of 92 and 80 F1 seedlings from the cross < "98.99" × "Angeleno"> (98 Ang) for two harvest seasons. We used HPLC-DAD to quantify single anthocyanin and spectrophotometric techniques to determine the total content of phenols, flavonoids, procyanidins, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). To determine the phenotype-genotype association of phenolic compounds content, phenotypic values (adjusted by linear mixed-effects models), genotypic data and linkage maps were analyzed with the multiple QTL model (MQM) approach. We found a total of 21 significant trait-marker associations: 13 QTLs segregating from "98.99" and 8 QTLs from "Angeleno." From these associations, 8 corresponded to phenolic compound content in the flesh and 13 in the skin. Phenotype variance was explained by the detected loci, ranging from 12.4 to 27.1%. The identified loci are related to the content of cyanidin-3-glucoside (LG4), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (LG4), total flavonoids and procyanidins (LG5 and LG8), and minor anthocyanin compounds (LG3 and LG4). These results will help improve the efficiency of breeding programs for the generation of Asian plum varieties with high phenolic compound content.

A methodological roadmap to quantify animal-vectored spatial ecosystem subsidies.

Energy, nutrients and organisms move over landscapes, connecting ecosystems across space and time. Meta-ecosystem theory investigates the emerging properties of local ecosystems coupled spatially by these movements of organisms and matter, by explicitly tracking exchanges of multiple substances across ecosystem borders. To date, meta-ecosystem research has focused mostly on abiotic flows-neglecting biotic nutrient flows. However, recent work has indicated animals act as spatial nutrient vectors when they transport nutrients across landscapes in the form of excreta, egesta and their own bodies. Partly due to its high level of abstraction, there are few empirical tests of meta-ecosystem theory. Furthermore, while animals may be viewed as important mediators of ecosystem functions, better integration of tools is needed to develop predictive insights of their relative roles and impacts on diverse ecosystems. We present a methodological roadmap that explains how to do such integration by discussing how to combine insights from movement, foraging and ecosystem ecology to develop a coherent understanding of animal-vectored nutrient transport on meta-ecosystems processes. We discuss how the slate of newly developed technologies and methods-tracking devices, mechanistic movement models, diet reconstruction techniques and remote sensing-that when integrated have the potential to advance the quantification of animal-vectored nutrient flows and increase the predictive power of meta-ecosystem theory. We demonstrate that by integrating novel and established tools of animal ecology, ecosystem ecology and remote sensing, we can begin to identify and quantify animal-mediated nutrient translocation by large animals. We also provide conceptual examples that show how our proposed integration of methodologies can help investigate ecosystem impacts of large animal movement. We conclude by describing practical advancements to understanding cross-ecosystem contributions of animals on the move. Understanding the mechanisms by which animals shape ecosystem dynamics is important for ongoing conservation, rewilding and restoration initiatives around the world, and for developing more accurate models of ecosystem nutrient budgets. Our roadmap will enable ecologists to better qualify and quantify animal-mediated nutrient translocation for animals on the move.

Well-Being and Throwing Speed of Women Handball Players Affected by Feedback.

This research aims at studying the effect of feedback on well-being (vitality, and positive and negative affect), competence valuation, perceived competence, motivation, and performance (throwing speed and accuracy) in a throwing task. Thirty nine expert women handball players, with experience in international handball competitions, participated in this study. They were indiscriminately ascribed to one of three different experimental conditions measuring feedback: (positive, negative, and none). Significant differences in well-being (positive affect) and throwing speed were found among the three feedback groups. More concretely, higher levels of positive affect and throwing speed were found in the negative feedback group in comparison with the other two groups (positive and no-feedback). These results have important implications for athletes' well-being and performance, and for coaches' training programs.

Efecto del ejercicio físico en la tasa metabólica en reposo: aplicación el control de la obesidad / Effect of physical exercise in resting metabolic rate: applications in the obesity control / Efeito do exercício físico na taxa metabólica de repouso: aplicações no controle da obesidade

El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los estudios que investigaron los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza sobre la tasa metabólica en reposo como medios para el control del sobrepeso y de la obesidad. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las principales bases de datos y se revisaron las citas de los artículos identificados en la búsqueda electrónica. Los efectos crónicos del entrenamiento aeróbico sobre la tasa metabólica en reposo parecen limitados; sin embargo, parece que la combinación de volumen e intensidad de ejercicio junto con el tiempo de entrenamiento produce efectos agudos sobre la misma. El entrenamiento de fuerza está asociado al incremento de masa muscular que puede generar un incremento de la tasa metabólica en reposo a largo plazo. Son necesarios más estudios para evaluar la asociación del entrenamiento de la fuerza y entrenamiento aeróbico, así como su impacto sobre la tasa metabólica en reposo, tanto de forma aguda como crónica

The objective of this review was to analyze the studies that investigated about the effects of aerobic and strength exercise in resting metabolic rate as a means to control overweight and obesity. The main electronic databases were used to search for articles and it were reviewed the references of the main articles identified in the electronic search. The chronic effects of aerobic training on resting metabolic rate appear limited; however, it seems that the combination of volume and intensity of exercise and duration of training produces acute effects on it. Strength training is associated with an increase in muscle mass that can lead to a chronic increase in resting metabolic rate. More studies are needed to evaluate the association of aerobic training and strength training, and its impact on resting metabolic rate, both acutely and chronically

O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar os estudos que investigaram os efeitos do exercício aeróbico e de força na taxa metabólica de repouso com aplicações no controle do sobrepeso e obesidade. As fontes utilizadas para localizar os artigos foram: busca eletrônica nas principais bases de dados e citações em artigos identificados na busca eletrônica. Os resultados obtidos sobre a taxa metabólica de repouso decorrente do treinamento aeróbico de forma crônica são limitados, porém, existem indícios que a combinação de volume e intensidade do exercício e tempo de treinamento podem produzir efeito agudo na mesma. Já o treinamento de força normalmente produz um aumento da massa muscular e com possibilidade de gerar um aumento na taxa metabólica de repouso a longo prazo. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar a associação do treinamento de força e aeróbico e seu impacto sobre a taxa metabólica de repouso, tanto de forma aguda como crônica

Cell Saver en Obstetricia. Primer caso reportado en Chile / Cell Saver in Obstetrics. First case reported in Chile

La hemorragia obstétrica representa un desafío para el equipo médico, aportando con importante morbilidad y mortalidad a las pacientes embarazadas.El manejo adecuado, precoz y expedito beneficia el logro de resultados favorables para la madre e hijo; es por esto que debemos reconocer activamente aquellas pacientes en riesgo de presentar un sangrado obstétrico significativo.Presentamos el primer caso reportado en Chile de una paciente embarazada con mala inserción placentaria, sometida a cesárea y decómo se realizó el manejo del sangrado intraoperatorio, con énfasis en el uso de Cell Saver como técnica ahorradora de sangre.(AU)

Obstetric hemorrhage is a challenge for the medical team, contributing with significant morbidity and mortality to the pregnant patient.An appropriate, early, and expeditious management eases the achievement of favourable results for mother and son. We must recognizeactively those patients at risk of a significant obstetric bleeding.We present the first case report in Chile of a pregnant patient with abnormal placentation, undergoing a caesarean section and howbleeding was handled during the surgery, with emphasis on the use of a Cell Saver device as a blood-saving technique.(AU)

Plant species dispersed by Galapagos tortoises surf the wave of habitat suitability under anthropogenic climate change.

Native biodiversity on the Galapagos Archipelago is severely threatened by invasive alien species. On Santa Cruz Island, the abundance of introduced plant species is low in the arid lowlands of the Galapagos National Park, but increases with elevation into unprotected humid highlands. Two common alien plant species, guava (Psidium guajava) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) occur at higher elevations yet their seeds are dispersed into the lowlands by migrating Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis spp.). Tortoises transport large quantities of seeds over long distances into environments in which they have little or no chance of germination and survival under current climate conditions. However, climate change is projected to modify environmental conditions on Galapagos with unknown consequences for the distribution of native and introduced biodiversity. We quantified seed dispersal of guava and passion fruit in tortoise dung piles and the distribution of adult plants along two elevation gradients on Santa Cruz to assess current levels of 'wasted' seed dispersal. We computed species distribution models for both taxa under current and predicted future climate conditions. Assuming that tortoise migratory behaviour continues, current levels of "wasted" seed dispersal in lowlands were projected to decline dramatically in the future for guava but not for passion fruit. Tortoises will facilitate rapid range expansion for guava into lowland areas within the Galapagos National Park where this species is currently absent. Coupled with putative reduction in arid habitat for native species caused by climate change, tortoise driven guava invasion will pose a serious threat to local plant communities.

The Integrated Genomic Architecture and Evolution of Dental Divergence in East African Cichlid Fishes (Haplochromis chilotes x H. nyererei).

The independent evolution of the two toothed jaws of cichlid fishes is thought to have promoted their unparalleled ecological divergence and species richness. However, dental divergence in cichlids could exhibit substantial genetic covariance and this could dictate how traits like tooth numbers evolve in different African Lakes and on their two jaws. To test this hypothesis, we used a hybrid mapping cross of two trophically divergent Lake Victoria species (Haplochromis chilotes × Haplochromis nyererei) to examine genomic regions associated with cichlid tooth diversity. Surprisingly, a similar genomic region was found to be associated with oral jaw tooth numbers in cichlids from both Lake Malawi and Lake Victoria. Likewise, this same genomic location was associated with variation in pharyngeal jaw tooth numbers. Similar relationships between tooth numbers on the two jaws in both our Victoria hybrid population and across the phylogenetic diversity of Malawi cichlids additionally suggests that tooth numbers on the two jaws of haplochromine cichlids might generally coevolve owing to shared genetic underpinnings. Integrated, rather than independent, genomic architectures could be key to the incomparable evolutionary divergence and convergence in cichlid tooth numbers.

Resultados del tratamiento de osteosarcoma convencional de alto grado en niños y adolescentes: análisis de supervivencia de una cohorte tratada sin metotrexato / Treatment outcomes in conventional high-grade osteosarcoma in children and adolescents: An analysis of survival of a cohort treated without methotrexate

Resumen Objetivo: Reportar la supervivencia global, libre de evento, la respuesta histológica a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y los resultados de la cirugía de preservación de la extremidad en pacientes con osteosarcoma convencional tratados sin altas dosis de metotrexato en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia. Pacientes y métodos: una cohorte de pacientes menores de 21 años de edad con diagnóstico de osteosarcoma convencional, con o sin metástasis, fueron tratados con quimioterapia preoperatoria por doce semanas; seguidos de cirugía de control local en la semana 15 y tres ciclos de quimioterapia posoperatoria. En el tratamiento se administraron cuatro medicamentos (ifosfamida, doxorrubicina, cisplatino y etopósido) y no se incluyó el uso de metotrexato. La supervivencia global y libre de evento fue calculada por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se realizó análisis multivariable para predictores de supervivencia mediante el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron para α 0,05. Resultados: Entre enero de 1997 y diciembre de 2007 ingresaron 122 pacientes con osteosarcoma convencional, para una mediana de seguimiento de 25,4 meses (rango 1,13 a 169). La edad promedio fue 13,7 años (DE: 2,9) y de los procedimientos quirúrgicos la cirugía de salvamento correspondió al 52% y la cirugía ablativa al 38%. La supervivencia global y libre de evento fue mayor en los buenos respondedores a quimioterapia que en malos respondedores (HR = 4,33; IC 95% 1,77-10,58)) y (HR = 2,90; IC 95% 1,60-5,27). La supervivencia global y libre de evento fue diferente entre los pacientes con y sin metástasis al diagnóstico (HR = 2,13; IC 95% 0,97-4,72) y(HR = 2,07; (IC 95% 1,10 - 3,90). Conclusión: El osteosarcoma puede ser tratado con quimioterapia sin altas dosis de metotrexato logrando supervivencia moderadamente efectiva y comparable con la de países desarrollados.

Abstract Objective: To report event-free overall survival rates and histological response results for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and limb-salvage surgery in conventional osteosarcoma patients treated without high methotrexate doses in the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. Patients and Methods: A cohort of under 21-year old patients diagnosed with conventional osteosarcoma, with or without metastasis, underwent preoperative chemotherapy for twelve weeks, followed by local control surgery in week 15, and three postoperative chemotherapy cycles. Treatment did not include methotrexate. Four drugs were administered: ifosfamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and etoposide. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival and event-free rates. A multivariate analysis of survival predictors was carried out with the Cox proportional hazards method. Statistical analysis was based on an α of 0.05. Results: From January 1997 to December 2007, a total of l22 conventional osteosarcoma patients received treatment, with a median follow-up of 24.4 months (range 1.13 to 169). The mean patient age was 13.7 years (SD ±2.9 yrs). Limb-salvage surgery was performed in 52% and ablative surgery in 38%. Overall survival and event-free rates were higher in the good responders to chemotherapy than in the poor responders: (HR = 4.33; 95% CI; 1.77-10.58) and (HR = 2.90; 95% CI; 1.60-5.27. The overall survival and event-free rates were different between patients with and without metastasis at diagnosis: (HR = 2.13; 95% CI; 0.97-4.72) and (HR = 2.07; (95% CI; 1.10-3.90. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma can be treated with chemotherapy without high methotrexate doses to achieve moderately effective survival rates comparable with those in developed countries.

Identifying and extracting patient smoking status information from clinical narrative texts in Spanish.

In this work we present a system to identify and extract patient's smoking status from clinical narrative text in Spanish. The clinical narrative text was processed using natural language processing techniques, and annotated by four people with a biomedical background. The dataset used for classification had 2,465 documents, each one annotated with one of the four smoking status categories. We used two feature representations: single word token and bigrams. The classification problem was divided in two levels. First recognizing between smoker (S) and non-smoker (NS); second recognizing between current smoker (CS) and past smoker (PS). For each feature representation and classification level, we used two classifiers: Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Bayesian Networks (BN). We split our dataset as follows: a training set containing 66% of the available documents that was used to build classifiers and a test set containing the remaining 34% of the documents that was used to test and evaluate the model. Our results show that SVM together with the bigram representation performed better in both classification levels. For S vs NS classification level performance measures were: ACC=85%, Precision=85%, and Recall=90%. For CS vs PS classification level performance measures were: ACC=87%, Precision=91%, and Recall=94%.

[Cardiac hydatidosis: Report of one case]. / Hidatidosis cardiaca: caso clínico.

Hydatidosis is an endemic zoonosis in Chile. We report a 48-year-old former slaughterman, with a previous history of pulmonary hydatidosis, who presented a stroke without associated cardiovascular symptoms. An echocardiogram revealed a tumor mass with cystic features in the left ventricle. The patient was operated and the cyst was successfully excised. During the follow up, the patient remains asymptomatic.

[Antifungal effect of high molecular weight chitosan on Candida spp isolated from clinical samples]. / Efecto antifúngico de quitosán de alto peso molecular en cepas de Candida sp aisladas de muestras clínicas.

UNLABELLED: Chitosan is a D-glucosamine polysaccharide derived from chitin that displays an antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the antifungal effect of high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) in clinical strains of Candida spp. METHODOLOGY: the susceptibility of forty strains of Candida spp. to HMWC was studied (16 C albicans, 11 C glabrata, 5 C. tropicalis, 5 C krusei, 2 C parapsilosis and 2 C. famata) by broth microdilution at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0. RESULTS: of 40 strains, only 2 were inhibited at pH 7.0 and corresponded to ATCC control strains (C. krusei 6258 and C parapsilosis 22019). On the other hand, 37/40 strains (92.5%) were inhibited by concentrations lower than 1.25 mg/mL of HMWC at pH 4.0. CONCLUSION: these results show that HMWC, presents activity against clinical Candida spp. strains, including C glabrata, and that this activity is present at acid pH (4.0). This compound could potentially be used in vulvovaginal candidiasis since it occurs at pH 4.0-4.5.

Experiencia en el tratamiento del tumor de células gigantes con criocirugía (1977-1987)

Se revisaron los resultados obtenidos en 70 pacientes con Tumor de Células Gigantes, tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre 1977 y 1987, con nitrógeno líquido, previo curetaje de la cavidad tumoral. Estos resultados se valoraron fundamentalmente en relación con el control local del tumor y el porcentaje de recibida y se compararon con los resultados publicados por Marcove, quien difundió la técnica de la criocirugia en 1973, para tener una referencia con respecto a la experiencia con esta técnica en el INC