Lifestyle Clusters of Diet Quality, Sleep, and Screen Time and Associations with Weight Status in Children from Madrid City: ENPIMAD Study.

BACKGROUND: Childhood overweight and obesity is a global concern and has increased in Spain over the last decades. Combinations of lifestyle behaviors (i.e., diet, sleep, and sedentarism) are highly related to weight status. Therefore, this study aimed to identify lifestyle patterns among children from Madrid City, and analyze associations with the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, considering socio-economic factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4545 children from the ENPIMAD study with data on diet, sleep, anthropometric, and socio-economic variables. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify lifestyle clusters, and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between socio-economic indicators and cluster membership, and between clusters and weight status. RESULTS: Findings show three lifestyle clusters (healthy, mixed, and unhealthy), with boys and older children more represented in the unhealthy cluster. Food insecurity and low socio-economic status were associated with unhealthier clusters in boys and girls. Children in unhealthier clusters were more likely to have obesity and abdominal obesity. However, these associations disappeared in girls after controlling for food insecurity. CONCLUSION: These results provide insight into the combination of behaviors and socio-economic factors associated with childhood obesity that may aid in the design of future interventions.

High-Protein Processed Foods: Impact on Diet, Nutritional Status, and Possible Effects on Health.

Proteins are macronutrients with multiple health benefits, but excessive consumption can negatively affect health. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a sample of high-protein processed foods (HPPFs), describe how their consumption affects dietary balance, and acquire knowledge of the consumption patterns of these products in a Spanish population. A sample of HPPFs available in supermarkets and on websites was collected. The contribution to recommended protein intakes was calculated using national and international references and considering the single consumption of the HPPFs and the product plus 150 g of meat. Furthermore, an online survey was conducted among a convenience sample. A total of 36 enriched protein products were evaluated. The percentage of proteins in these products ranges from 10 to 88%. The contribution of the protein recommended intake was within a range of 87.4-306.6% and 66.4-232.8% (women and men, respectively), only considering the additional proteins from 150 g of meat. One hundred thirty-nine participants completed the survey; 67.6% affirmed that they had consumed HPPFs, and half consumed them without following any consumption control. Since these products are accessible to everyone in supermarkets and protein intake is generally higher than the recommended limits, regulating the mass sale of HPPFs is essential to ensure they do not lead to protein overconsumption.

Analysis of the Prognostic Factors That Influence the Outcome of Periapical Surgery, including Biomimetic Membranes for Tissue Regeneration: A Review.

The objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors that influence the outcome of periapical surgery. A systematic search of the literature was carried out using PubMed and Scopus databases between January 2000 and December 2023 with no language limitations. The PICO question of the present systematic review was: What prognostic factors may influence the outcome of periapical surgery? The most relevant randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), prospective clinical trials, retrospective studies, and meta-analyses (n = 44) were selected from 134 articles. The reviewed literature evidenced that bone-lesion healing could significantly be improved by the absence of deep periodontal pockets (>4 mm), localization in anterior teeth, the absence of pain and/or preoperative symptoms, a size of bone lesion < 5 mm, the use of ultrasound, the correct placement of retrograde filling material, and the use of different biomimetic membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Some preoperative and intraoperative factors could significantly improve the prognosis of periapical surgery. However, these results were not conclusive, and further high-quality research is required.

Association between Beverage Consumption and Environmental Sustainability in an Adult Population with Metabolic Syndrome.

Beverages are an important part of the diet, but their environmental impact has been scarcely assessed. The aim of this study was to assess how changes in beverage consumption over a one-year period can impact the environmental sustainability of the diet. This is a one-year longitudinal study of 55-75-year-old participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 1122) within the frame of the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food and beverage intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a validated beverage-specific questionnaire. The Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database was used to calculate environmental impact parameters such as greenhouse gas emission, energy, water, and land use. A sustainability beverage score was created by considering the evaluated environmental markers. A higher beverage sustainability score was obtained when decreasing the consumption of bottled water, natural and packed fruit juice, milk, and drinkable dairy, soups and broths, sorbets and jellies, soft drinks, tea without sugar, beer (with and without alcohol), and wine, as well as when increasing the consumption of tap water and coffee with milk and without sugar. Beverage consumption should be considered when assessing the environmental impact of a diet. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 5 September 2013.

[Impact of egg consumption on the nutritional status of young adults]. / Impacto del consumo de huevo en la situación nutricional de jóvenes adultos.

Introduction: Young adults move from adolescence into adulthood, and they face physical, social and personal changes that can affect their health. Regarding their nutritional needs, their energy requirements are lower than during adolescence, but they may need the same or higher amounts of other essential nutrients, such as folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and iron. Furthermore, their increasingly sedentary lifestyle has led to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this group. However, despite being a vulnerable stage to nutritional problems, not enough attention has been paid to it from this point of view. In this context, eggs stand out as a food of great nutritional value for young adults, as they are an excellent source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. In addition, eggs are a nutritionally dense food, which makes them particularly useful in weight control and in situations with low energy requirements but high demands for other nutrients. Moderate egg consumption as part of a balanced diet helps to follow a healthy diet in this population group, contributing to improve their current and future health.

Introducción: Los adultos jóvenes, en su paso desde la adolescencia hacia la vida adulta, deben afrontar cambios físicos, sociales y personales que pueden afectar a su salud. Sus requerimientos energéticos son menores que durante la adolescencia, pero pueden necesitar la misma cantidad o mayor de otros nutrientes esenciales, como folatos, vitamina C, vitamina D, calcio y hierro. Además, su estilo de vida cada vez más sedentario ha llevado a una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en este grupo. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser una etapa sensible a los problemas nutricionales, no se le ha prestado suficiente atención desde este punto de vista. En este contexto, el huevo destaca como un alimento de gran valor nutricional para los adultos jóvenes, dado que es una excelente fuente de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. Además, el huevo es un alimento de alta densidad nutricional, lo que lo hace especialmente útil en el control de peso y en situaciones de bajas necesidades energéticas pero altas con respecto a otros nutrientes. El consumo de huevo en cantidades moderadas y como parte de una dieta equilibrada ayuda a seguir una dieta saludable en este grupo de población, lo que contribuye a mejorar su salud actual y futura.

[Nutritional problems in cis and trans women]. / Problemática nutricional de mujeres cis y trans.

Introduction: Women deserve special attention due to the different requirements they have in comparison with men. In the same way, transgender women need individualized attention. Transgender women are at greater risk of suffering heart attacks or ischemic accidents, among other diseases, and are also at greater risk of developing eating disorders, poorer weight control and poorer perception of their image. Hormone therapy for gender reaffirmation in trans women modifies their body composition, and may also increase the risk of suffering from some pathologies. The nutritional needs of cisgender women are different from those of men, and trans women also have special needs, which may depend on whether or not they follow hormone therapy. Dietary studies, although scarce, suggest that transgender women have poor dietary habits and lifestyle. It is necessary to deepen the study of the nutritional situation of the female group, considering its diversity, and to develop standards and references appropriate to each case that allow better attention to the needs of these groups.

Introducción: El colectivo femenino merece una especial atención debido a los diferentes requerimientos que tienen en comparación con el colectivo masculino. De la misma manera, se necesita atender de manera individualizada al colectivo transgénero. En concreto, las mujeres trans tienen más riesgo de sufrir infartos o accidentes isquémicos, entre otras enfermedades, y también tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos del comportamiento alimentario y peor control de peso y percepción de su imagen. La terapia hormonal de reafirmación de género en mujeres trans modifica su composición corporal y también puede aumentar el riesgo de padecer algunas patologías. Las necesidades nutricionales de las mujeres cisgénero son diferentes a las de los varones, y también tienen necesidades especiales las mujeres trans, que pueden depender del seguimiento o no de un tratamiento hormonal. Los estudios dietéticos, aunque escasos, sugieren que las mujeres transgénero tienen unos hábitos dietéticos y un estilo de vida menos saludables. Es necesario profundizar en el estudio de la situación nutricional del colectivo femenino, atendiendo a la diversidad del mismo, y desarrollar estándares y referencias adecuadas a cada caso que permitan una mejor atención de las necesidades de estos colectivos.

[Protocol of action in the dietary and nutritional approach in patients with dysphagia]. / Protocolo de actuación en el abordaje dietético y nutricional en pacientes con disfagia.

Introduction: Introduction: dysphagia is classified under "symptoms and signs involving the digestive system and abdomen" in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10, code R13). It is defined as obstruction in the region of the pharynx, sternum or xiphoid because of obstruction of the passage of food from the mouth to the stomach or cardia, and has become one of the most important causes affecting the adequate intake of energy and nutrients. An optimal dietary and nutritional approach plays a crucial role in the management of dysphagia. The main goal of such an approach is to ensure safe and sufficient nutrition to prevent malnutrition and complications associated with dysphagia. Objectives: to establish an action protocol for an effective dietary and nutritional approach in patients with dysphagia based on the existing scientific evidence. Methods: a review of the scientific literature on the dietary-nutritional approach to dysphagia was carried out. Results: the dietary and nutritional approach in patients with dysphagia requires a multidisciplinary and personalized approach and is essential to improve the quality of life of patients with dysphagia. Through the implementation of an evidence-based action protocol, it is possible to guarantee preventing aspiration and ensuring safe swallowing and modification of textures of different foods (thus promoting adequate intake of nutrients and fluids to avoid malnutrition and dehydration). Conclusion: adequate and protocolized management, from a dietary and nutritional point of view, can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, improving their well-being and preventing complications associated with this condition.

Introducción: Introducción: la disfagia se clasifica dentro de los "síntomas y signos que involucran el sistema digestivo y el abdomen" en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10, código R13). Dicho síntoma produce en la región de la faringe, el esternón o el xifoides como resultado de la obstrucción del paso de alimentos de la boca al estómago o al cardias, y se ha convertido en una de las causas más importantes que afecta a la ingesta adecuada de energía y nutrientes. Un abordaje dietético y nutricional óptimo desempeña un papel crucial en el manejo de la disfagia. El objetivo principal de dicho abordaje es garantizar una alimentación segura y suficiente para prevenir la desnutrición y las complicaciones asociadas a la disfagia. Objetivos: establecer un protocolo de actuación para realizar, de forma eficaz, el abordaje dietético y nutricional en pacientes con disfagia en base a la evidencia científica existente. Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica sobre el abordaje dietético-nutricional de la disfagia. Resultados: el abordaje dietético y nutricional en pacientes con disfagia requiere un enfoque multidisciplinar y personalizado, y es fundamental para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con disfagia. A través de la implementación del protocolo de actuación basado en la evidencia, se puede garantizar: prevenir la aspiración y asegurar una deglución segura y, modificación de texturas de los diferentes alimentos (promoviendo de esta forma la ingesta adecuada de nutrientes y líquidos para evitar la desnutrición y la deshidratación). Conclusión: un manejo adecuado y protocolizado, desde el punto de vista dietético y nutricional, puede llegar a tener un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, mejorando su bienestar y previniendo complicaciones asociadas a esta condición.

Association between Mineral Intake and Cognition Evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Mineral intake may protect against cognitive impairment (CI) and all-cause dementia, which affects a large number of adults worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mineral intake and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which is a sensitive and specific test. METHODS: In total, 201 adults were included in a cross-sectional study. They completed a three-day dietary record to estimate their average daily intake of minerals. Contributions to dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were also calculated. The participants were divided into tertiles according to their mineral intake. CI classifications were determined via the MoCA (score < 26). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping was carried out, and the patients' anthropometric measurements and physical activity, health and personal data were collected. RESULTS: The prevalence of CI in this selective sample was 54.2% (34.3% females and 19.9% males). In women, being in the third tertiles of iron and manganese intake was associated with lower odds of having CI (OR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.11 ± 0.93]; 0.33 [0.12 ± 0.93], p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for any of the nutrients studied in men. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a low mineral intake, especially low iron and manganese intake in women, is associated with a worse cognition as assessed by MoCA.

Impacto del consumo de huevo en la situación nutricional de jóvenes adultos / Impact of egg consumption on the nutritional status of young adults

Los adultos jóvenes, en su paso desde la adolescencia hacia la vida adulta, deben afrontar cambios físicos, sociales y personales que pueden afectar a su salud. Sus requerimientos energéticos son menores que durante la adolescencia, pero pueden necesitar la misma cantidad o mayor de otros nutrientes esenciales, como folatos, vitamina C, vitamina D, calcio y hierro. Además, su estilo de vida cada vez más sedentario ha llevado a una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en este grupo. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser una etapa sensible a los problemas nutricionales, no se le ha prestado suficiente atención desde este punto de vista. En este contexto, el huevo destaca como un alimento de gran valor nutricional para los adultos jóvenes, dado que es una excelente fuente de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. Además, el huevo es un alimento de alta densidad nutricional, lo que lo hace especialmente útil en el control de peso y en situaciones de bajas necesidades energéticas pero altas con respecto a otros nutrientes. El consumo de huevo en cantidades moderadas y como parte de una dieta equilibrada ayuda a seguir una dieta saludable en este grupo de población, lo que contribuye a mejorar su salud actual y futura. (AU)

Young adults move from adolescence into adulthood, and they face physical, social and personal changes that can affect their health. Regarding their nutritional needs, their energy requirements are lower than during adolescence, but they may need the same or higher amounts of other essential nutrients, such as folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, and iron. Furthermore, their increasingly sedentary lifestyle has led to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this group. However, despite being a vulnerable stage to nutritional problems, not enough attention has been paid to it from this point of view. In this context, eggs stand out as a food of great nutritional value for young adults, as they are an excellent source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. In addition, eggs are a nutritionally dense food, which makes them particularly useful in weight control and in situations with low energy requirements but high demands for other nutrients. Moderate egg consumption as part of a balanced diet helps to follow a healthy diet in this population group, contributing to improve their current and future health. (AU)

Problemática nutricional de mujeres cis y trans / Nutritional problems in cis and trans women

El colectivo femenino merece una especial atención debido a los diferentes requerimientos que tienen en comparación con el colectivo masculino.De la misma manera, se necesita atender de manera individualizada al colectivo transgénero. En concreto, las mujeres trans tienen más riesgo desufrir infartos o accidentes isquémicos, entre otras enfermedades, y también tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos del comportamientoalimentario y peor control de peso y percepción de su imagen. La terapia hormonal de reafirmación de género en mujeres trans modifica sucomposición corporal y también puede aumentar el riesgo de padecer algunas patologías. Las necesidades nutricionales de las mujeres cisgéneroson diferentes a las de los varones, y también tienen necesidades especiales las mujeres trans, que pueden depender del seguimiento o no de untratamiento hormonal. Los estudios dietéticos, aunque escasos, sugieren que las mujeres transgénero tienen unos hábitos dietéticos y un estilode vida menos saludables. Es necesario profundizar en el estudio de la situación nutricional del colectivo femenino, atendiendo a la diversidad delmismo, y desarrollar estándares y referencias adecuadas a cada caso que permitan una mejor atención de las necesidades de estos colectivos. (AU)

Women deserve special attention due to the different requirements they have in comparison with men. In the same way, transgender womenneed individualized attention. Transgender women are at greater risk of suffering heart attacks or ischemic accidents, among other diseases,and are also at greater risk of developing eating disorders, poorer weight control and poorer perception of their image. Hormone therapy forgender reaffirmation in trans women modifies their body composition, and may also increase the risk of suffering from some pathologies. Thenutritional needs of cisgender women are different from those of men, and trans women also have special needs, which may depend on whetheror not they follow hormone therapy. Dietary studies, although scarce, suggest that transgender women have poor dietary habits and lifestyle. It isnecessary to deepen the study of the nutritional situation of the female group, considering its diversity, and to develop standards and referencesappropriate to each case that allow better attention to the needs of these groups. (AU)

Protocolo de actuación en el abordaje dietético y nutricional en pacientes con disfagia / Protocol of action in the dietary and nutritional approach in patients with dysphagia

Introducción: la disfagia se clasifica dentro de los “síntomas y signos que involucran el sistema digestivo y el abdomen” en la ClasificaciónInternacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10, código R13). Dicho síntoma se produce en la región de la faringe, el esternón o el xifoides como resultado de la obstrucción del paso de alimentos de la boca al estómago o al cardias, y se ha convertido en una de las causas más importantesque afecta a la ingesta adecuada de energía y nutrientes. Un abordaje dietético y nutricional óptimo desempeña un papel crucial en el manejode la disfagia. El objetivo principal de dicho abordaje es garantizar una alimentación segura y suficiente para prevenir la desnutrición y lascomplicaciones asociadas a la disfagia.Objetivos: establecer un protocolo de actuación para realizar, de forma eficaz, el abordaje dietético y nutricional en pacientes con disfagia enbase a la evidencia científica existente.Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica sobre el abordaje dietético-nutricional de la disfagia.Resultados: el abordaje dietético y nutricional en pacientes con disfagia requiere un enfoque multidisciplinar y personalizado, y es fundamentalpara mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con disfagia. A través de la implementación del protocolo de actuación basado en la evidencia,se puede garantizar: prevenir la aspiración y asegurar una deglución segura, y modificación de texturas de los diferentes alimentos (promoviendode esta forma la ingesta adecuada de nutrientes y líquidos para evitar la desnutrición y la deshidratación).Conclusión: un manejo adecuado y protocolizado, desde el punto de vista dietético y nutricional, puede llegar a tener un impacto significativoen la calidad de vida de los pacientes, mejorando su bienestar y previniendo complicaciones asociadas a esta condición. (AU)

Introduction: dysphagia is classified under “symptoms and signs involving the digestive system and abdomen” in the International Classificationof Diseases (ICD-10, code R13). It is defined as obstruction in the region of the pharynx, sternum or xiphoid because of obstruction of the passageof food from the mouth to the stomach or cardia, and has become one of the most important causes affecting the adequate intake of energy andnutrients. An optimal dietary and nutritional approach plays a crucial role in the management of dysphagia. The main goal of such an approachis to ensure safe and sufficient nutrition to prevent malnutrition and complications associated with dysphagia.Objectives: to establish an action protocol for an effective dietary and nutritional approach in patients with dysphagia based on the existingscientific evidence.Methods: a review of the scientific literature on the dietary-nutritional approach to dysphagia was carried out.Results: the dietary and nutritional approach in patients with dysphagia requires a multidisciplinary and personalized approach and is essential toimprove the quality of life of patients with dysphagia. Through the implementation of an evidence-based action protocol, it is possible to guaranteepreventing aspiration and ensuring safe swallowing and modification of textures of different foods (thus promoting adequate intake of nutrientsand fluids to avoid malnutrition and dehydration).Conclusion: adequate and protocolized management, from a dietary and nutritional point of view, can have a significant impact on the qualityof life of patients, improving their well-being and preventing complications associated with this condition. (AU)

[Benefits and risks of vegetarian diets]. / Beneficios y riesgos de las dietas vegetarianas.

Introduction: In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in vegetarian diets. It is therefore interesting to analyse the benefits and risks of these diets. To this end, a review has been done on the benefits and risks of vegetarian diets. Vegetarian diets have been associated with different health benefits. On the contrary, nutritional deficiencies has been observed in those people who follow this type of diet, mainly in those risk groups such as pregnant and lactating women, children, adolescents, and elderly. Vegetarian diets may have some health benefits, however further studies are required.

Introducción: En las últimas décadas se ha observado un incremento en el interés por el seguimiento de las dietas vegetarianas en la población, por lo que es interesante analizar sus beneficios y sus riesgos. Con este fin se ha realizado una revisión sobre los beneficios y los riesgos de las dietas vegetarianas. Las dietas vegetarianas se han asociado a diferentes beneficios para la salud. De forma contraria, se observan deficiencias nutricionales en aquellas personas que siguen este tipo de dietas, principalmente en grupos de riesgo como mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, niños, adolescentes y ancianos. Las dietas vegetarianas podrían tener algunos beneficios en relación con la salud, sin embargo, es necesario continuar realizando estudios.

Intra- and inter-operator concordance of the resonance frequency analysis. A cross-sectional and prospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) provides an evaluation of implant stability over time. This analysis is a non-invasive, precise, and objective method. Several studies compare the RFA system with other devices. However, few investigations analyze repeatability and reproducibility between different operators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-operator concordance of the Osstell® ISQ. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RFA measurements were performed with Osstell® ISQ in a total of 37 implants placed in 21 patients. At the time of implant placement, 6 measurements per implant were taken by three different experienced operators. Three measurements were carried out consecutively and three by removing and placing the SmartPeg-Osstell® to assess intra-operator and inter-operator agreement. RESULTS: Intra-operator concordance according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed high concordance. The ICC values were higher than 0.9 (p < 0.0001) for consecutive measures and alternative measures, being almost perfect of Landis & Koch classification. For inter-operator concordance The ICC was 0.709 (p < 0.0001) and 0.670 (p < 0.0001) for consecutive and alternative measures, respectively, both estimates being in the substantial category. In torque and ISQ values, no statistically significant differences were observed when operators and measurements were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Osstell® ISQ system was stable both in intra-operator and inter-operator measurements. This device has excellent repeatability and reproducibility, demonstrating reliability to measure the stability of dental implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is a non-invasive, objective, and reliable diagnostic method to determine the ideal moment to load the implant, as well as to predict possible failures.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Systemic Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis.

Research has been conducted into the advantages of the systemic administration of antibiotics. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of systemic antibiotic administration in the treatment of peri-implantitis in terms of bleeding on probing (BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Literature searches were performed across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify randomized controlled trials and observational clinical studies. After peri-implantitis treatment, PPD was reduced by 0.1 mm (p = 0.58; IC 95% [-0.24, 0.47]), indicating a non-significant effect of antibiotic administration on PPD. The BoP odds ratio value was 1.15 (p = 0.5; IC 95% [0.75, 1.75]), indicating that the likelihood of bleeding is almost similar between the test and control groups. Secondary outcomes were found, such as reduced clinical attachment level, lower suppuration and recession, less bone loss, and a reduction in total bacterial counts. In the treatment of peri-implantitis, the systemic antibiotic application reduces neither PPD nor BoP. Therefore, the systemic administration of antibiotics, in the case of peri-implantitis, should be rethought in light of the present results, contributing to address the problem of increasing antibiotic resistance.

Treating Gingival Recessions Using Coronally Advanced Flap or Tunnel Techniques with Autografts or Polymeric Substitutes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Gingival recessions are a prevalent oral mucosa alteration. To solve this pathology, palatal mucosa or polymeric soft tissue substitutes are used when performing coronal advanced flap (CAF) or tunnel (TUN) surgical techniques. To evaluate which is the most successful approach, a literature review and meta-analysis were conducted. For the electronic search the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, EMBASE and WOS were used. Pooled data for the percentage of root coverage was collected and weighted means were calculated. Heterogeneity was determined using the Higgins (I2) statistic and a random-effects model was applied. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review (12 randomized and 1 controlled clinical trials) in which both techniques (394 patients) were compared with a follow-up of 4 to 12 months. Galbraith and Baujat plots were used to control for the presence of potential outliers. After performing the meta-analysis (11 studies), the mean root coverage was similar when using the TUN or CAF techniques (p = 0.49). The only differences between the two were found for single recessions, where CAF offered a higher percentage of root coverage (mean difference = 4.98%; p = 0.006). There were no differences when applying an autograft or a polymeric substitute with either of the two tested surgical techniques (p = 0.445).

Beneficios y riesgos de las dietas vegetarianas / Benefits and risks of vegetarian diets

En las últimas décadas se ha observado un incremento en el interés por el seguimiento de las dietas vegetarianas en la población, por lo que es interesante analizar sus beneficios y sus riesgos. Con este fin se ha realizado una revisión sobre los beneficios y los riesgos de las dietas vegetarianas.Las dietas vegetarianas se han asociado a diferentes beneficios para la salud. De forma contraria, se observan deficiencias nutricionales en aquellas personas que siguen este tipo de dietas, principalmente en grupos de riesgo como mujeres embarazadas y lactantes, niños, adolescentes y ancianos.Las dietas vegetarianas podrían tener algunos beneficios en relación con la salud, sin embargo, es necesario continuar realizando estudios. (AU)

In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in vegetarian diets. It is therefore interesting to analyse the benefits and risks of these diets. To this end, a review has been done on the benefits and risks of vegetarian diets.Vegetarian diets have been associated with different health benefits. On the contrary, nutritional deficiencies has been observed in those people who follow this type of diet, mainly in those risk groups such as pregnant and lactating women, children, adolescents, and elderly.Vegetarian diets may have some health benefits, however further studies are required. (AU)

Melatonin-doped polymeric nanoparticles induce high crystalline apatite formation in root dentin.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with melatonin (ML) on nano-hardness, crystallinity and ultrastructure of the formed hydroxyapatite after endodontic treatment. METHODS: Undoped-NPs and ML-doped NPs (ML-NPs) were tested at radicular dentin, after 24 h and 6 m. A control group without NPs was included. Radicular cervical and apical dentin surfaces were studied by nano-hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Mean and standard deviation were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Cervical dentin treated with undoped NPs maintained its nano-hardness values after 6 m of storage being [24 h: 0.29 (0.01); 6 m: 0.30 (0.02) GPa], but it decreased at apical dentin [24 h: 0.36 (0.01); 6 m: 0.28 (0.02) GPa]. When ML-NPs were used, nano-hardness was similar over time [24h: 0.31 (0.02); 6 m: 0.28 (0.03) GPa], at apical dentin. Root dentin treated with ML-NPs produced, in general, high crystallinity of new minerals and thicker crystals than those produced in the rest of the groups. After 6 m, crystals became organized in randomly oriented polyhedral, square polygonal block-like apatite or drop-like apatite polycrystalline lattices when ML-NPs were used. Undoped NPs generated poor crystallinity, with preferred orientation of small crystallite and increased microstrain. SIGNIFICANCE: New polycrystalline formations encountered in dentin treated with ML-NPs may produce structural dentin stability and high mechanical performance at the root. The decrease of mechanical properties over time in dentin treated without NPs indicates scarce remineralization potential, dentin demineralization and further potential degradation. The amorphous stage may provide high hydroxyapatite solubility and remineralizing activity.

Effect of Propolis Paste and Mouthwash Formulation on Healing after Teeth Extraction in Periodontal Disease.

This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of a mouthwash containing propolis and the effect of a propolis paste formulation on dental healing after teeth extraction in patients with periodontal disease. In the mouthwash experience, the population comprised 40 patients, which were divided as follows: the control mouthwash, 0.2% chlorhexidine (v/v) mouthwash, 2% (w/v) propolis mouthwash, and propolis + chlorhexidine mouthwash. The study of the propolis paste comprised a population of 60 patients with periodontal disease, and a total of 120 symmetric tooth extractions were performed. Propolis showed antimicrobial activity by itself, and especially with the chlorhexidine association. Three days after surgery in the teeth treated with control paste, only 13.4% had completely healed; however, with propolis paste, in 90% of the periodontal sockets, healing was complete. In addition, a reduction in Streptococci mutans and Lactobacilli cfu was observed with propolis, and especially with the association of chlorhexidine + propolis. Propolis mouthwash reduced bacterial proliferation, especially in association with chlorhexidine. Propolis paste is a viable alternative for socket healing after dental extraction. The knowledge gained from these findings will provide a foundation for similar propolis therapies in order to improve the healing process after dental surgery.

Zn-Containing Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Dentistry.

Barrier membranes are employed in guided bone regeneration (GBR) to facilitate bone in-growth. A bioactive and biomimetic Zn-doped membrane with the ability to participate in bone healing and regeneration is necessary. The aim of the present study is to state the effect of doping the membranes for GBR with zinc compounds in the improvement of bone regeneration. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. A narrative exploratory review was undertaken, focusing on the antibacterial effects, physicochemical and biological properties of Zn-loaded membranes. Bioactivity, bone formation and cytotoxicity were analyzed. Microstructure and mechanical properties of these membranes were also determined. Zn-doped membranes have inhibited in vivo and in vitro bacterial colonization. Zn-alloy and Zn-doped membranes attained good biocompatibility and were found to be non-toxic to cells. The Zn-doped matrices showed feasible mechanical properties, such as flexibility, strength, complex modulus and tan delta. Zn incorporation in polymeric membranes provided the highest regenerative efficiency for bone healing in experimental animals, potentiating osteogenesis, angiogenesis, biological activity and a balanced remodeling. Zn-loaded membranes doped with SiO2 nanoparticles have performed as bioactive modulators provoking an M2 macrophage increase and are a potential biomaterial for promoting bone repair. Zn-doped membranes have promoted pro-healing phenotypes.

Composición corporal, metabolismo mineral y función endocrina del tejido adiposo: influencia de un suplemento nutricional de propóleo / Body composition, mineral metabolism, and endocrine function of adipose tissue: influence of a nutritional supplement of propolis

Introducción: el propóleo y sus componentes influyen en el metabolismo lipídico; sin embargo, se desconoce su efecto sobre la composición corporal y el metabolismo mineral. Objetivos: determinar el efecto de la suplementación de la dieta con propóleo natural sobre la composición corporal, el metabolismo basal y mineral, y la función endocrina del tejido adiposo. Material y métodos: veinte ratas albinas Wistar macho (8 semanas) se dividieron en dos grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Las ratas fueron alimentadas con dos tipos diferentes de dietas durante 90 días: una dieta estándar para el grupo de control (grupo C) y la misma dieta estándar + un 2 % de propóleo (grupo P). Se determinaron las hormonas tiroideas, la grelina, la leptina, la adiponectina y la insulina, los ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE) en el plasma, la composición corporal (masa magra, masa grasa y agua corporal) y el depósito de minerales en órganos diana (bazo, cerebro, corazón, pulmones, testículos, riñones y fémur). Resultados: los niveles plasmáticos de hormona estimulante del tiroides (TSH), triyodotironina (T3) y tiroxina (T4) no mostraron diferencias tras la ingesta del suplemento de propóleo, mientras que los de grelina y adiponectina disminuyeron (p < 0,01 y p < 0,05, respectivamente) y los de insulina (p < 0,01), leptina (p < 0,05) y AGNE (p < 0,05) aumentaron cuando la dieta se suplementó con propóleo al 2 %. Se redujeron el peso y la grasa corporal (p < 0,05), incrementándose la masa magra. Por último, el suplemento de propóleo mejoró el depósito de calcio en el bazo, los pulmones, los testículos y el fémur (p < 0,05). (AU)

Introduction: propolis and its components influence lipid metabolism; however, its effect on body composition and mineral metabolism remains unknown. Objectives: to determine the effect of natural propolis supplementation on body composition, mineral metabolism, and the endocrine function of adipose tissue. Material and methods: twenty albino male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each. The rats were fed two different types of diet for 90 days: a standard diet for the control group (group C) and the same standard diet + 2 % propolis (group P). Thyroid hormones, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma, body composition (lean mass, fat mass and body water), and mineral deposition in target organs (spleen, brain, heart, lungs, testicles, kidneys and femur) were assessed. Results: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) did not show any differences after supplementation with propolis, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and insulin (p < 0.01), leptin (p < 0.05) and NEFA (p < 0.05) increased when 2 % propolis was supplied, while weight and body fat were reduced (p < 0.05) and lean mass increased. Lastly, the propolis supplement improves calcium deposition in the spleen, lungs, testes, and femur (p < 0.05). (AU)