ABSTRACT
The objective of this systematic review was doing a search of the validity of neck perimeter as a marker of adiposity in children and adolescents as well as in adults. A systematic search for articles published before June 30, 2017 was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Original studies, in Spanish or English, were searched to analyze the association between neck circumference and any other marker of adiposity. MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) categories were used in PubMed. The search criteria used were: (("neck circumference" or "neck diameter") AND ("Body Composition" [Mesh] OR "Anthropometry" [Mesh])). This search was repeated in Web of Science. We identified 494 studies, of which 47 were finally selected for this review. From the total, 66% of studies (16 in children and adolescents and 15 in adults) only specify that there is a relationship between neck circumference and body mass index or waist circumference, waist/hip circumference ratio in children and adults. We also observed that neck circumference was directly associated with adiposity markers indirectly measured by reference methods such as computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adults. Conversely, no studies were found in children and adolescents. In conclusion, neck circumference is associated with doubly-indirect markers of total and central fat mass in children and adolescents, while in adults it is associated with adiposity parameters measured with indirect and doubly-indirect methods. Further studies including methods that address the association between neck circumference and body composition analyzed using reference methods are required, especially in children and adolescents.
Subject(s)
Adiposity , Neck/anatomy & histology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as a significant threat for pregnant women and newborns in populations living in or visiting Latin America. We previously reported a preliminary analysis in Sucre, Colombia, as the first group of pregnant women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV (ZIKa enEmbarazadas yReciénNacidos enCOLombia, ZIKERNCOL). METHODS: In this second report, findings of the first 86 pregnant women from La Virginia and Dosquebradas (municipalities), Risaralda, Colombia, with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection are reported. Clinical, demographical and obstetrical findings are described. RESULTS: All women reported ZIKV symptoms during pregnancy: 79.1% rash, 55.8% fever, among others. In addition to ZIKV, RT-PCR was positive for dengue in 18.6%; 45.3% Dengue IgM+; 5.8% RT-PCR positive for chikungunya; 3.6% Chikungunya IgM+. STORCH screening in mother: 11.6% IgG + anti-Toxoplasma gondii, 6% IgG + anti-rubella, 4.7% IgG + CMV. The rest of STORCH tests were negative. Microcephaly was observed in 2.4% of the newborns. No calcifications or other CNS alterations were detected. One newborn had cleft palate and one had bilateral renal ectopy. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of microcephaly in our cohort was consistent with other studies. Pregnant women in endemic areas should be followed and tested according to standard protocols, and asymptomatic ZIKV infection should be considered. Long-term follow-up of children is required in the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) assessment.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Viral , Chikungunya Fever/immunology , Cohort Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G , Infant, Newborn , Microcephaly/virology , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Rubella/immunology , Toxoplasmosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática fue realizar una búsqueda acerca de la validez del perímetro de cuello como marcador de adiposidad en niños y adolescentes así como en población adulta. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos publicados antes del 30 de junio de 2017, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science. Se buscaron estudios originales, en idioma español o inglés, que analizaran la asociación entre el perímetro del cuello y al menos un marcador de adiposidad. En PubMed se usaron las categorías MeSH (medical subject heading).El criterio de búsqueda utilizado fue: (("neck circumference" or "neck diameter") AND ("Body Composition"[Mesh] OR "Anthropometry"[Mesh])).Se repitió la búsqueda en Web of Science. Se identificó un total de 494 estudios, de los cuales 47 fueron finalmente seleccionados para esta revisión. El 66% de los estudios (16 en niños y adolescentes y 15 en adultos) solo especifican que existe relación entre perímetro del cuello e indicadores doblemente-indirectos tales como el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de cintura o ratio circunferencia cintura/cadera en niños y adultos. Además, se observó que el perímetro del cuello se asocia de forma directa con marcadores de adiposidad indirectos, medidos mediante métodos de referencia tales como la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) o la absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA) en adultos, mientras que no se encontraron estudios en niños. En conclusión, el perímetro del cuello se asocia a marcadores indirectos de masa grasa total y central en niños y adolescentes, mientras que en adultos el perímetro del cuello se asocia a parámetros de adiposidad medidos tanto con métodos indirectos como doblemente-indirectos. Se requieren nuevos estudios con métodos que analicen la asociación entre el perímetro del cuello y la composición corporal analizada mediante métodos de referencia, principalmente en niños y adolescentes
The objective of this systematic review was doing a search of the validity of neck perimeter as a marker of adiposity in children and adolescents as well as in adults. A systematic search for articles published before June 30, 2017 was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Original studies, in Spanish or English, were searched to analyze the association between neck circumference and any other marker of adiposity. MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) categories were used in PubMed. The search criteria used were: (("neck circumference" or "neck diameter") AND ("Body Composition" [Mesh] OR "Anthropometry" [Mesh])). This search was repeated in Web of Science. We identified 494 studies, of which 47 were finally selected for this review. From the total, 66% of studies (16 in children and adolescents and 15 in adults) only specify that there is a relationship between neck circumference and body mass index or waist circumference, waist/hip circumference ratio in children and adults. We also observed that neck circumference was directly associated with adiposity markers indirectly measured by reference methods such as computed tomography (CT) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adults. Conversely, no studies were found in children and adolescents. In conclusion, neck circumference is associated with doubly-indirect markers of total and central fat mass in children and adolescents, while in adults it is associated with adiposity parameters measured with indirect and doubly-indirect methods. Further studies including methods that address the association between neck circumference and body composition analyzed using reference methods are required, especially in children and adolescents
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Adiposity , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
La yuca (Manihot esculenta) es el cuarto cultivo en importancia a nivel mundial como fuente de calorías para la población humana después del arroz, el azúcar y el maíz, posicionándose por esta razón como un cultivo primordial para la seguridad alimentaria. Su arquitectura ha sido considerada como un factor clave que subyace a la fisiología del rendimiento, relacionando características morfológicas con productividad. En este trabajo se evaluaron diferentes características de arquitectura vegetal en yuca. Los caracteres fueron evaluados en una población F1 compuesta por 133 hermanos completos (familia K) sembrados en dos lugares biogeográficamente diferentes: La Vega (Cundinamarca) y Arauca (Arauca) en Colombia. Las características evaluadas relacionadas con la arquitectura vegetal fueron altura de la planta (AT), número de brotes (NB), longitud entrenudos (LE), número de raíces (NR), peso de raíces (PR), pigmentación del peciolo (PP), área de la hoja (AH) y tipo de hoja (TH). A partir de los datos obtenidos y empleando un mapa genético de alta densidad basado en SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) se llevó a cabo un análisis de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci). Se lograron identificar tres QTLs para La Vega asociados con los caracteres altura total, número de brotes y área de la hoja. Para Arauca se detectaron tres QTLs asociados con altura total, longitud de entrenudos y número de brotes. Los QTLs se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos de ligamiento y explicaron entre 18,93 y 41,92 % de la variación genética.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the fourth most important crop worldwide as a source of calories for the human population after rice, sugar and corn and therefore it is considered as a staple crop. Cassava's architecture has been considered as a key factor underlying the physiology of yield, relating morphological traits with productivity. In this work different characteristics of plant architecture were evaluated in a cassava F1 population composed by 133 complete siblings (family K) planted in two biogeographically different zones: La Vega (Cundinamarca) and Arauca (Arauca) in Colombia. The characteristics evaluated related to the vegetal architecture were plant height (AT), number of shoots (NB), internodes length (LE), number of roots (NR), root weight (PR), petiole pigmentation (PP), leaf area (AH) and leaf type (TH). From the data obtained and using a SNP- (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) high-density genetic map a QTLs analysis (Quantitative Trait Loci) was carried out. It was possible to identify three QTLs for La Vega associated with characters plant height, internodes length and leaf area. From the Arauca's dataset, three QTLs were detected associated with plant height, number of shoots and internodes length. The QTLs were distributed into four linkage groups and explained between 18.93 and 41.92 % of genetic variation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, is one of the most important crops world-wide representing the staple security for more than one billion of people. The development of dense genetic and physical maps, as the basis for implementing genetic and molecular approaches to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in breeding program represents a significant challenge. A reference genome sequence for cassava has been made recently available and community efforts are underway for improving its quality. Cassava is threatened by several pathogens, but the mechanisms of defense are far from being understood. Besides, there has been a lack of information about the number of genes related to immunity as well as their distribution and genomic organization in the cassava genome. RESULTS: A high dense genetic map of cassava containing 2,141 SNPs has been constructed. Eighteen linkage groups were resolved with an overall size of 2,571 cM and an average distance of 1.26 cM between markers. More than half of mapped SNPs (57.4%) are located in coding sequences. Physical mapping of scaffolds of cassava whole genome sequence draft using the mapped markers as anchors resulted in the orientation of 687 scaffolds covering 45.6% of the genome. One hundred eighty nine new scaffolds are anchored to the genetic cassava map leading to an extension of the present cassava physical map with 30.7 Mb. Comparative analysis using anchor markers showed strong co-linearity to previously reported cassava genetic and physical maps. In silico based searching for conserved domains allowed the annotation of a repertory of 1,061 cassava genes coding for immunity-related proteins (IRPs). Based on physical map of the corresponding sequencing scaffolds, unambiguous genetic localization was possible for 569 IRPs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study reported so far of an integrated high density genetic map using SNPs with integrated genetic and physical localization of newly annotated immunity related genes in cassava. These data build a solid basis for future studies to map and associate markers with single loci or quantitative trait loci for agronomical important traits. The enrichment of the physical map with novel scaffolds is in line with the efforts of the cassava genome sequencing consortium.
