ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of 3 dental composites subjected to cigarette smoke and brushing. METHODS: Twenty specimens were prepared for each type of restorative material used: nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram); hybrid (Z250-3M ESPE) and silorane-based microhybrid (Filtek P90-3M ESPE), which were divided into 2 groups (n=10), according to the type of finishing/polishing received: Group 1 - papers with decreasing abrasive grit and Group 2 - polyester matrix (without polishing). After initial readouts of color (Easy Shade-VITA) and surface roughness (SJ-201P Mitutoyo), specimens were subjected to action of smoke from 20 cigarettes, (Marlboro Red-Philip Morris). After each cigarette, the samples were submitted to brushing in a standardised device. After this, final readouts were taken to calculate change in color (ΔE and ΔL) and roughness (ΔRa), which were statistically analysed (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Student's-t tests respectively, p<0.05). RESULTS: Tetric N-Ceram presented color change at clinically unacceptable levels (ΔE>3.3) when the polyester strip was used for finishing, a result differing (p<0.05) from those of the other composites, which presented no difference between them (p>0.05). Unpolished composites presented higher Ra values than those that were polished (p<0.05), with exception of the silorane based composite. CONCLUSION: Absence of polishing increases cigarette capacity to stain composites and surface roughness of composites, with exception of the silorane based type.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Materials/chemistry , Nicotiana , Smoke , Algorithms , Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Color , Dental Polishing/methods , Methacrylates/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Polyesters/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry , Polyurethanes/chemistry , Silorane Resins/chemistry , Surface Properties , Toothbrushing/instrumentationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The concept of pharmaceutical care (PC) specifically refers to the pharmacist being able to identify, prevent and resolve negative outcomes associated with medication (NOM). According to the Third Consensus of Granada, these are patient health-related outcomes not consistent with pharmacotherapy objectives, and are associated with the proper or erroneous use of medicines. In this way, pharmacists might provide the pharmacist to provide the correct use of medicines to patients who are attended at home. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to detect, classify and quantify NOM, according to the Third Consensus of Granada, in patients treated at home, who were assisted by the Home Assistance Programme of the University Hospital of University of Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. The pharmacotherapy plan was filled during the interview with the patient or caregiver. RESULTS: The study included 87 patients with a mean age of 66 years old, adults (89%), children (11%), female (58%) and retired (62%). A total of 62% patients presented NOM, with an average of 1.13 NOM per patient. The NOM included untreated health problems (20.6%), effects from unnecessary medicines (9.1%), non-quantitative ineffectiveness (34.5%), quantitative ineffectiveness (3.4%), non-quantitative safety problems (11.4%) and quantitative safety problems (3.4%). Patients with the following characteristics were more prevalent than expected in the NOM effectiveness group: those aged between 65 and 74 years (p=0.0199), those with a low education level (p=0.0266), those with increased comorbidity (p=0.0461), those using medicine for the digestive tract and metabolism (p=0.0475) and those using medicine for blood and blood-forming organs (p=0.0466). For the NOM necessity group, patients with endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (p=0.0587) were in greater numbers than expected; and for the NOM safety group, only patients aged over 74 years (p=0.01809) were in greater numbers. CONCLUSION: For this population, it was concluded that there were several factors related to the occurrence of NOM: age, education, number of comorbidities, use of medicines for the digestive tract and the metabolism and medicines for blood and blood-forming organs. The use of the Third Consensus of Granada classification was very important for the recognition and measurement of NOM.
Subject(s)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Home Care Services , Pharmaceutical Services , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of artificial accelerated aging on the color stability and opacity of composites of different shades. METHODS: Four composites for direct use (Heliomolar, 4 Seasons, Tetric EvoCeram; QuiXfil) and one for indirect use (SR Adoro) in two shades were used: light (A2) and dark (C3 for direct, and D4 for indirect composite). QuiXfil was obtained in Universal shade. A Teflon matrix (12 X 2 mm) was used to obtain 54 specimens (N=6), which were submitted to color and opacity analysis (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807, Byk Gardner) before and after artificial accelerated aging for 384 hours. RESULTS: After the statistical analysis (2-way ANOVA - Bonferroni - P<0.05), significant color alteration was observed in the light and dark composites studied (P<0.05), with the exception of QuiXfil. Composite 4 Seasons/C3 showed less color alteration (ΔE=0.91). The opacity alteration (ΔOP) was higher for light composites. CONCLUSION: Artificial accelerated aging interfered in the optical properties assessed; however, the alterations seemed to be more related to the composites composition than to their shade.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins , Color , Materials Testing , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Peso corporal é o principal objetivo de seleção, e a seleção massal é o principal método em programas de melhoramento genético de tilápias do Nilo. O rendimento de filé é característica importante, mas há a necessidade do uso de informações de parentes para a predição de valores genéticos ou do uso de características correlacionadas, como medidas morfométricas, para garantir ganhos genéticos indiretos. Há pouca informação na literatura sobre estimativas de componentes de (co) variância genética de rendimentos de filé e medidas corporais para a espécie. A herdabilidade baixa do rendimento de filé, as herdabilidades moderadas a altas das medidas morfométricas e as altas correlações genéticas entre elas favoreceriam a seleção indireta.(AU)
Body weight is the breeding goal in genetic improvement programs for Nile tilapia and mass selection is the most used method. Fillet yield is an important trait for chain production of this fish. For breeding value prediction for this trait, pedigree information or correlated traits are necessary to guarantee indirect genetic gains. There is poor information in literature about estimated genetic (co)variance components for fillet traits and morfometric measurements in Nile tilapia. The low heritability of the fillet percentage, medium to high heritabilities for morfometric measurements and the high genetic correlations among them could collaborate for indirect selection.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/growth & development , Cichlids/genetics , Contraception/methods , Contraception/veterinary , Animals, Genetically Modified , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
O cultivo de populações monossexo ou estéreis de tilápia é necessário, uma vez que a reprodução destes animais durante o cultivo provoca gastos energéticos e menor desempenho somático. A sexagem manual e a produção de progênie 100% macho a partir do acasalamento entre Oreochromis niloticus e O. hornorum são técnicas difíceis. A produção de progênie monossexo macho, filhos de supermachos YY, apresenta-se como técnica de manipulação sexual promissora. Porém, a inversão sexual com o uso de hormônios para a formação de população monossexo ainda é o método mais utilizado. A formação de lotes estéreis triploides por meio de manipulações cromossômicas também é uma opção a ser desenvolvida. (AU)
The culture of monosex or sterile Nile tilapia is necessary. The allocation of energy to reproduction during its culture leads to performance reduction. The hand sorting and monosex progeny produced by interspecific hybridization (Oreochromis niloticus and O. hornorum cross) are difficult methods. The production of all male progeny from YY supermales shows good promise technique. However, sex-reversal by hormone treatment is the best option yet. A sterile triploid stock through chromosome set manipulation is also an alternative to be developed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/growth & development , Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics , Contraception/methods , Contraception/veterinary , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
O cultivo de populações monossexo ou estéreis de tilápia é necessário, uma vez que a reprodução destes animais durante o cultivo provoca gastos energéticos e menor desempenho somático. A sexagem manual e a produção de progênie 100% macho a partir do acasalamento entre Oreochromis niloticus e O. hornorum são técnicas difíceis. A produção de progênie monossexo macho, filhos de supermachos YY, apresenta-se como técnica de manipulação sexual promissora. Porém, a inversão sexual com o uso de hormônios para a formação de população monossexo ainda é o método mais utilizado. A formação de lotes estéreis triploides por meio de manipulações cromossômicas também é uma opção a ser desenvolvida.
The culture of monosex or sterile Nile tilapia is necessary. The allocation of energy to reproduction during its culture leads to performance reduction. The hand sorting and monosex progeny produced by interspecific hybridization (Oreochromis niloticus and O. hornorum cross) are difficult methods. The production of all male progeny from YY supermales shows good promise technique. However, sex-reversal by hormone treatment is the best option yet. A sterile triploid stock through chromosome set manipulation is also an alternative to be developed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics , Contraception/methods , Contraception/veterinary , Cichlids/growth & development , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
Peso corporal é o principal objetivo de seleção, e a seleção massal é o principal método em programas de melhoramento genético de tilápias do Nilo. O rendimento de filé é característica importante, mas há a necessidade do uso de informações de parentes para a predição de valores genéticos ou do uso de características correlacionadas, como medidas morfométricas, para garantir ganhos genéticos indiretos. Há pouca informação na literatura sobre estimativas de componentes de (co) variância genética de rendimentos de filé e medidas corporais para a espécie. A herdabilidade baixa do rendimento de filé, as herdabilidades moderadas a altas das medidas morfométricas e as altas correlações genéticas entre elas favoreceriam a seleção indireta.
Body weight is the breeding goal in genetic improvement programs for Nile tilapia and mass selection is the most used method. Fillet yield is an important trait for chain production of this fish. For breeding value prediction for this trait, pedigree information or correlated traits are necessary to guarantee indirect genetic gains. There is poor information in literature about estimated genetic (co)variance components for fillet traits and morfometric measurements in Nile tilapia. The low heritability of the fillet percentage, medium to high heritabilities for morfometric measurements and the high genetic correlations among them could collaborate for indirect selection.
Subject(s)
Animals , Contraception/methods , Contraception/veterinary , Cichlids/growth & development , Cichlids/genetics , Animals, Genetically Modified , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
A study was conducted to determine: the most appropriate proportion (1% or 10% v/v) of a phosphate solution (PS), containing 39mg/mL phosphorus, to be added to pasteurized human milk (HM) or commercial premature formula (FM); the final osmolality of such products, and whether precipitation occurs between calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) when commercial fortifier (FOR) or PS is added. A significant increase was observed in the concentrations of Ca in the samples of HM and FM containing FOR and a decrease in the samples of HM containing 10% (v/v) PS. The phosphorus levels increased significantly, in both HM and FM, when FOR or PS (1 and 10%) were added. Osmolality showed a significant increase in the solutions of HM with FOR or 10% PS added, and in the solution of FM containing 10% PS. Qualitative analysis of the precipitate formed on addition of 10% PS to FM revealed that it consisted of dicalcium phosphate. It was concluded that the addition of 10% PS to FM causes a fall in the Ca content, due to its precipitation with phosphate, promoting a reduction in the availability of both ions. On the other hand, the addition of 1% PS was demonstrated to cause no alteration in the Ca concentration, but a significant increase in P. These results suggest that the use of 1% PS is a potential means of supplementation of P after these patients are discharged.
Foi realizado um estudo para verificar: a concentração, 1 ou 10% (v/v), mais apropriada de solução de fósforo (SP), para ser adicionada nos produtos lácteos; a osmolalidade final de tais produtos suplementados; a ocorrência de precipitação entre o cálcio (Ca) e o fósfforo (P) com a adição de um fortificante comercial (FOR) ou SP. Verificou-se aumento significante nas concentrações de Ca nas amostras de leite materno pasteurizado (LM) e fórmula comercial (FL) contendo FOR e diminuição nas amostras de FL contendo 10% (v/v) de SP. Quanto aos níveis de fósforo, houve aumento significante tanto no LM quanto na FL, adicionados de FOR ou SP a 1 e 10%. Em relação à osmolalidade, houve aumento significante nas soluções de LM contendo FOR e de SP a 10% e na solução de FL a 10% de SP. A análise qualitativa do precipitado formado pela adição de 10% SP na FL revelou que o mesmo é constituído de fosfato bicálcico. Concluiu-se que a adição de SP na concentração de 10% em FL acarreta diminuição do Ca devido à precipitação do mesmo com o P, promovendo uma baixa na oferta de ambos os íons para o prematuro. Por outro lado, a adição de SP a 1% demonstrou que não houve diminuição dos níveis de Ca, mas aumento significante nos níveis de P. Estes resultados sugerem que o uso da SP a 1% é uma alternativa de suplementação de fósforo na alta hospitalar destes pacientes.
Subject(s)
Calcium , Infant, Premature , Milk, Human , PhosphorusABSTRACT
The aim of this trial was to implement a method to obtain a tool for analyses of tramadol and the main metabolite, o-desmethyltramadol (M1), in goat's plasma, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of these substances following intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration in female goats. The pharmacokinetics of tramadol and M1 were examined following i.v. or p.o. tramadol administration to six female goats (2 mg/kg). Average retention time was 5.13 min for tramadol and 2.42 min for M1. The calculated parameters for half-life, volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.94+/-0.34 h, 2.48+/-0.58 L/kg and 2.18+/-0.23 L/kg/h following 2 mg/kg tramadol HCl administered intravenously. The systemic availability was 36.9+/-9.1% and half-life 2.67+/-0.54 h following tramadol 2 mg/kg p.o. M1 had a half-life of 2.89+/-0.43 h following i.v. administration of tramadol. Following p.o., M1 was not detectable.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics , Goats/metabolism , Tramadol/analogs & derivatives , Tramadol/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/blood , Animals , Area Under Curve , Female , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Tramadol/administration & dosage , Tramadol/bloodABSTRACT
Foram caracterizados geneticamente, utilizando-se cinco locos de microssatélites, 235 indivíduos de seis plantéis de tilápia (Ceará, Chitralada, Israel, Nilótica, Taiwan e Vermelha) da região Sudeste do Brasil. Verificou-se diferença genética entre os seis plantéis, obtida pelo cálculo do índice de fixação de alelos (Fst=0,3263). De modo geral, está ocorrendo perda de heterozigose nos plantéis, segundo mostrou a estimativa do coeficiente de endogamia intrapopulacional (Fis=0,0486). Os plantéis Israel e Nilótica foram os mais semelhantes geneticamente (Ig=0,6663). Os plantéis Chitralada e Taiwan foram os que menos apresentaram genes em comum (Ig=0,2463). O plantel denominado Vermelha foi o mais distinto entre todos.(AU)
Two hundred and thirty five individuals from six commercial stocks of tilapias (Ceará, Chitralada, Israel, Nilótica, Taiwan and Red) from the Southeastern region of the country were genetically characterized using five microsatellite loci. The results suggest large genetic difference among the stocks, estimated through the fixation allele index (Fst = 0.3263), and a considerable loss of heterozigosity accurs in most of the stocks, according to the population inbreeding coefficient (Fis=0.0486). The Israel and Nilótica stocks were genetically similar (Ig=0.6663), while Chitralada and Taiwan showed less genes in common (Ig=0.2463). The Red stock was the most distinct stock.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Genetic Enhancement/methods , Genetic Variation , TilapiaABSTRACT
Foram caracterizados geneticamente, utilizando-se cinco locos de microssatélites, 235 indivíduos de seis plantéis de tilápia (Ceará, Chitralada, Israel, Nilótica, Taiwan e Vermelha) da região Sudeste do Brasil. Verificou-se diferença genética entre os seis plantéis, obtida pelo cálculo do índice de fixação de alelos (Fst=0,3263). De modo geral, está ocorrendo perda de heterozigose nos plantéis, segundo mostrou a estimativa do coeficiente de endogamia intrapopulacional (Fis=0,0486). Os plantéis Israel e Nilótica foram os mais semelhantes geneticamente (Ig=0,6663). Os plantéis Chitralada e Taiwan foram os que menos apresentaram genes em comum (Ig=0,2463). O plantel denominado Vermelha foi o mais distinto entre todos.
Two hundred and thirty five individuals from six commercial stocks of tilapias (Ceará, Chitralada, Israel, Nilótica, Taiwan and Red) from the Southeastern region of the country were genetically characterized using five microsatellite loci. The results suggest large genetic difference among the stocks, estimated through the fixation allele index (Fst = 0.3263), and a considerable loss of heterozigosity accurs in most of the stocks, according to the population inbreeding coefficient (Fis=0.0486). The Israel and Nilótica stocks were genetically similar (Ig=0.6663), while Chitralada and Taiwan showed less genes in common (Ig=0.2463). The Red stock was the most distinct stock.
Subject(s)
Animals , Genetic Variation , Genetic Enhancement/methods , TilapiaABSTRACT
Cyanide exposure through cassava consumption has been associated with the development of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM). However, there are few experimental reproductions of this disease. In the present study 42 rats received 0, 9.0 or 12.0 mg KCN/kg bw/d for 15 d, 26 pigs were dosed with 0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 mg KCN/kg for 74 d, and 34 goats received 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg KCN/kg for 5 mo. At the end of each experimental period, plasma samples were obtained for glucose and thiocyanate measurement, and the pancreas was collected for histopathologic study. No significant differences in plasma glucose concentrations occurred between groups. The pancreas had no pathology. Chronic cyanide exposure did not promote diabetogenic effects in rats, swine or goats, suggesting that cyanide is not responsible for MRDM in humans.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced , Manihot/toxicity , Pancreas/drug effects , Potassium Cyanide/toxicity , Animals , Environmental Exposure , Goats , Humans , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , SwineABSTRACT
The authors report a case of schistosomiasis mansoni with intraspinal localization on a 39 year old man who presented neurologic manifestation likely a Brown-Séquard syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed positive immunofluorescent test for schistosomiasis, and treatment was started at once.
Subject(s)
Hemiplegia/etiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology , Adult , Humans , Male , Schistosomiasis mansoni/physiopathology , Spinal Cord Diseases/physiopathology , SyndromeABSTRACT
The authors report a case of schistosomiasis mansoni with intraspinal localization on a 39 year old man who presented neurologic manifestation likely a Brown-Séquard syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed positive immunofluorescent test for schistosomiasis, and treatment was started at once.