Evaluation of Salivary Glucose and Salivary Cortisol in Association with Periodontitis in People with Type II Diabetes: A Case-control Study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD) has been discussed in recent years and may vary according to the patient's location, sex, age and family history. OBJECTIVE: In view of this possible association between periodontitis and DM, this study aimed to evaluate salivary glucose and salivary cortisol levels with periodontitis (staging and degree) in people with type II diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals. METHODS: This was a case-control study, with 60 participants divided into two groups: DM2- people with type II diabetes (n=30) and NDM- non-diabetic individuals (n=30). For both, a clinical form and periogram were filled out, and blood samples (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, and cortisol) and saliva (glucose and cortisol) were collected. RESULTS: The diagnosis of periodontitis was 100% in the DM2 group and 80% in the NDM group. As for staging and degree, in the DM2 group, 70% of the participants were in stage IV and 86.67% were in grade C, while in the NDM group, 58.3% of the participants were in stage I and 70.8% were in grade A. Significant differences were observed for the following variables: bleeding to probing and clinical attachment level. The laboratory data presented significant results regarding serum glucose, salivary glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Regarding the influence of salivary glucose and cortisol on periodontal status (staging and degree), these had higher means in the DM2 group when compared to the NDM group. An association of salivary glucose and cortisol levels with the periodontal condition presented by type II diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic individuals is suggested.

Family functioning and dental trauma, malocclusion and anthropometry in adolescents

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate perceived family cohesion and adaptability and its association with trauma, malocclusion and anthropometry in school adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 921 adolescents from 13 to 19 years old of both sexes, enrolled in state public schools of a northeastern Brazilian municipality. A questionnaire with sociodemographic questions, the FACES III scale was applied and a clinical oral examination (dental trauma and malocclusion) and anthropometric (BMI by age) were performed. For statistical analysis, was evaluated by the Chi-square test. The variables that presented significance in the bivariate analysis of up to 25% were taken to the multivariate analysis (multinomial logistic regression), variables that presented significance in bivariate analysis of up to 25% were taken to multivariate analysis and all conclusions were drawn considering the significance level of 5%. Results: As a result, it was identified that displaced families were associated with low maternal education, agglutinated families associated with the absence of caries. Rigid families were associated with marked overjet and caries. The prevalence of dental trauma (37.5%) was considered high. Conclusion: It was concluded that family cohesion and adaptability were associated with oral health and socioeconomic factors

Acessibilidade da Criança e do Adolescente com Deficiência na Atenção Básica de Saúde Bucal no Serviço Público: Estudo Piloto / Accessibility of Disabled Children and Adolescents to Basic Oral Health Attention at the Public Health system – A Pilot Study

Objetivo: Verificar a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade do instrumento de pesquisa e avaliar o acesso de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência ao serviço público de saúde bucal. Método: Participaram deste estudo piloto 67 responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física, mental, auditiva ou visual, cadastrados no Programa de Saúde da Família da cidade de Recife. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa do tipo observacional descritiva. Para tanto, aplicou-se um formulário que possibilitou a identificação e caracterização da população, além do levantamento de dados referentes ao acesso aos serviços básicos de saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Constatou-se que o percentual de concordância para cada questão variou de 69,0% a 94,1% e os valores de kappa ariaram de 0,44 a 0,88. Verificou-se um baixo nível de escolaridade, como também de renda da maioria dos responsáveis. Percebeu-se que 50,7% havia procurado o atendimento na Unidade de Saúde da Família para seus filhos e, destes, apenas 50% recebeu atendimento. Foi observado que os principais motivos de não ter conseguido atendimento foram a indisponibilidade de vagas e a falta adaptação do profissional para atender pessoas com necessidades especiais. Em relação aos que não procuraram atendimento para seus filhos grande parte julgou melhor levar a outro serviço público, enquanto uma parcela considerável não achou necessária a busca pelo atendimento. Conclusão: A confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade do instrumento de pesquisa foram satisfatórias. Entre os haviam procurado o serviço de saúde bucal da Unidade do Programa de Saúde da Família para seus filhos, a metade afirmou não ter conseguido o atendimento, citando como principal motivo a indisponibilidade de vaga.

Objective: To verify the reliability and reproducibility of the research instrument and to evaluate the access of disabled children and adolescents to the public oral health service. Method: Sixty-seven parents/caregivers of children and adolescents with physical, mental, auditory or visual disabilities enrolled at the Family Health Program of the city of Recife participated in this study. A quantitative descriptive observational study design was used. For such purpose, a form was applied to the participants to identify and characterize the population as well as to retrieve data referring to access to public oral health service. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results:The percentage of agreement for each question ranged from 69.0% to 94.1% and the Kappa values ranged from 0.44 to 0.88. The majority of the parents/caregivers had low education level and income. As much as 50.7% of them had sought treatment for their children at the Family Health Program Unit but only 50% of them actually received treatment. The main reasons for not receiving treatment were the unavailability of vacancies and lack of preparation of the professionals to treat special needs patients. Great part of those that did not seek treatment for their children at the Family Health Program Unit preferred to take them to another public service, while a considerable part of the studied population did not find necessary to seek treatment. Conclusion: The reliability and reproducibility of the research instrument were satisfactory. Half of the individuals that had thought the Family Health Program Unit’s oral health service for their children affirmed not to have received treatment, and mentioned the lack of vacancies as the main reason.