Outcomes of a cementless onlay short stem reverse shoulder arthroplasty in elderly patients: a comprehensive analysis of clinical and radiological findings.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of a short stem reverse shoulder prosthesis with metaphyseal fixation specifically in older patients. METHODS: All patients, older than 70 years, submitted to a Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) using a cementless onlay short stem (Aequalis Ascend™ Flex Convertible Shoulder System (Stryker®)) from January 2017 to December 2021, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, were included. Postoperative radiographs were assessed for stem loosening, subsidence, and varus-valgus tilt. Range of motion, visual analogue scale for pain, constant score, complication rate and revision rate were also analysed. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients with a mean age of 75 years (range 71-83 years) were submitted to a cementless onlay short stem RSA with a Bone Increased Off-Set (BIO-RSA) construct. The mean follow-up period was 61 months (range 54-87). Significant improvements (p < 0.001) were observed for the constant score and range of motion from the preoperative state to final follow-up. One case exhibited a significant varus deviation (> 5˚) during the follow-up period. No case of stem loosening was identified. There was only one case of complication because of post-traumatic dislocation, but the stem didn't need revision. CONCLUSION: Short stem RSA, even in patients older than 70 years, can yield a stable fixation with a good clinical and radiological outcome at short-medium term follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III; Retrospective Study.

Incidence and clinical results of tendinous injuries in calcaneus and pilon fractures.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were: (1) to define the incidence of tendinous injuries in calcaneus and pilon fractures with different fracture severity and (2) to determine the clinical impact of such injuries. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CT-scans of 121 patients with calcaneus and pilon fractures were retrospectively analyzed over a 4-year period. The tendinous injuries were identified and correlated with the type of fracture (location and classification). Clinical analysis was performed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and SF-36 (Short Form-36 Health Survey) scores. RESULTS: Tendinous injuries were observed in 36% of all CT-scans analyzed, with the most common injury being incarceration (n = 20) and dislocation (n = 24). Calcaneus fractures sanders type 3/4 were 9 times more prone to tendon injury (p < 0.001; OR 8.67; 95% CI 2.49-30.24). Pilon fractures Ruedi-Allgower type 2/3 were 8 times more prone to tendon injury (p = 0.005; OR 7.5; 95% CI 1.72-32.80). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in AOFAS and SF-36 scores between patients with/without tendon injuries for fractures with the same severity. CONCLUSION: The incidence of tendon injuries in calcaneus/pilon fractures is high and may be underreported. Calcaneus fractures are prone to peroneal tendon injury. In pilon fractures, it is important to look for tibialis posterior tendon injury, especially entrapment. The presence of tendinous injuries does not affect function and pain for the same type of calcaneus and pilon fractures at the long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3 retrospective study.

Is preoperative fat infiltration in lumbar spine muscles associated with worse clinical outcomes after lumbar interbody fusion?

PURPOSE: Lumbar musculature has a fundamental role in spine stability and spinal balance. Muscle atrophy and fat infiltration play an important role in pain pathophysiology. Accordingly, the preoperative condition of lumbar muscles may influence clinical outcomes after surgical treatment. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative lumbar paravertebral muscle fat infiltration and clinical outcomes after lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients with lumbar pathology submitted to lumbar transforaminal (TLIF) or posterior interbody fusion (PLIF) was performed, with a minimum of two years of follow-up. Preoperative lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were classified for fat infiltration in lumbar multifidus muscle and correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were included: 24 submitted to PLIF and 51 to TLIF. Most patients underwent surgery for spondylolisthesis (67%). Higher degrees of fat infiltration were associated with more advanced age (54.8 vs. 49.1 years old, p = 0.04) and more leg pain after surgery (p = 0.04). No statistically significant differences in other clinical outcomes such as Oswestry Disability Index, visual analogue scale for back and leg pain, self-reported back pain relief, return to work and overall satisfaction were found between different groups of fat infiltration. The improvement in leg pain was associated with improvement in self-reported lumbar pain (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Age and preoperative degree of fat infiltration may be important to predict improvement in leg pain after lumbar interbody fusion. The absence of solid literature on this topic and universal assessment methodologies reinforce the need for further studies.

Awake Cranial Traction and Isolated Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Treatment of Traumatic Subaxial Cervical Facet Joint Dislocations: Analysis of a Cohort of 70 Patients and Predictors of Surgical Failure.

BACKGROUND: Cervical facet dislocations are among the most common traumatic spinal injuries. The management of this type of lesions is still controversial. The objective of the present study was to analyze the results of subaxial cervical facet dislocations submitted to an isolated anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) after attempted closed reduction with cranial traction and to identify risk factors for treatment failure. METHODS: All patients who were operated on in a tertiary trauma center during an 11-year period (2008-2018) for traumatic single-level cervical facet joint dislocation (AO C F4 injuries) were retrospectively reviewed. Age, use of cranial traction, dislocation characteristics, neurologic injury, surgical data, and follow-up records were reviewed. A minimum of 18 months follow-up was required. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients with a mean age of 56 years (18-90) (72% men) were identified. The C6-C7 level was the most frequently affected (36/70 cases). Spinal cord injury (SCI) was present in 34% of the cases. Bilateral dislocations and rigid spines were risk factors for SCI. Cranial traction was performed in 59 cases with success in 52 cases (88%). There were 3 failures after anterior fusion, which required revision surgery with a 360° fusion, all occurring at the C7-T1 level. CONCLUSIONS: Cranial traction of the cervical spine is an effective and fast way to achieve closed reduction of cervical facet dislocations. After successful reduction, ACDF, as a single procedure, offers an excellent surgical option. All cases of failure occurred at the C7-T1 level, suggesting that a 360° fusion may be needed at this level.

Comparison of short-stem versus conventional stem for hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 60 years: 7-14 years follow-up.

PURPOSE: Short-stem prostheses in hip arthroplasty have emerged as an alternative to conventional stems, especially in younger patients. The purpose of this study was to compare functional and radiological results of a short metaphyseal fitting cementless stem versus a conventional stem implant, in patients younger than 60 years. METHODS: All patients operated from January 2006 to April 2013 were included, obtaining a minimum follow-up of 7 years. Harris Hip Score (HHS) and SF-36 (quality of life) questionnaires were applied and the presence of "thigh pain" was specifically assessed. We also compared complication rate, revision rate and average prosthesis survival. Femoral stress shielding (Gruen scale), stem subsidence, varus-valgus tilt and implant stability (Engh scale) were also compared. RESULTS: A total of 101 short-stem and 74 conventional arthroplasties were included, with an average follow-up of 9.82 (7-14) years. HHS functional score and SF-36 were excellent in both implants and no significant difference between them (p > 0.05) was found. However, "thigh pain" was present in 7 patients with conventional stems and none with short-stems (p < 0.001). The survival rate at 13 years was 99%, for both implants, and no significant differences were found between them (χ2(2) = 0.178; p = 0.673). Conventional stems had stress shielding at the greater trochanter in 72% of the cases and 43% at the calcar, being statistically superior (p < 0.001) to the stress shielding observed in the short stems. CONCLUSION: According to our results, this short-stem seems to allow preservation of bone stock, with decreased stress shielding and also a lower incidence of thigh pain compared to conventional stems. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III retrospective comparative study.

Early Versus Late Spine Surgery in Severely Injured Patients-Which Is the Appropriate Timing for Surgery?

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study conducted at tertiary spinal trauma referral center. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine if early definitive management of spine fractures in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) shortens the intubation time and the length of stay (LOS), without increasing mortality. METHODS: The medical records of all patients admitted to the ICU and submitted to surgical stabilization of spine fractures were reviewed over a 10-year period. Time to surgery, number of fractured vertebrae, degree of neurological injury, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), ASA score and associated trauma were evaluated. Surgeries performed on the first 72 hours after trauma were defined as "early surgeries." Intubation time, LOS on ICU, overall LOS and mortality rate were compared between patients operated early and late. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included, 21 with cervical fractures, 23 thoracic and 6 lumbar. Baseline characteristics did not differ between patients in both groups. Patients with early surgical stabilization had significantly shorter intubation time, ICU-LOS and overall LOS, with no differences in terms of mortality rate. After multivariate adjustments overall LOS was significantly shorter in patients operated earlier. CONCLUSIONS: Early spinal stabilization (<72 hours) of severely injured patients is beneficial and shortens the intubation time, ICU-LOS and overall LOS, with no differences in terms of mortality rate. Although some patients may require a delay in treatment due to necessary medical stabilization, every reasonable effort should be made to treat patients with unstable spinal fractures as early as possible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE OF THE STUDY: Level III.

Long-term Behavior of Single-level Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures Treated With Pedicle Screw Fixation.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study to objectively analyze the behavior of single-level thoracic (T), thoracolumbar (TL), and lumbar (L) fractures treated with posterior instrumentation alone and to understand which factors influence the ability to restore and maintain normal spinal alignment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterior screw fixation of dorsal and lumbar spine fractures allows fracture stabilization, correction of kyphotic deformity and restoration of vertebral height. The load-sharing classification identifies fractures that may need anterior instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients submitted to pedicle screw fixation of single-level T, TL, and L fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Data on patient demographics, neurological injury [American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score], and comorbidities were collected. Fractures were classified according to their anatomic region (T, TL, or L) and using the AO Spine and the load-sharing classifications. Local kyphosis angle, Cobb angle (CA), and changes in anterior vertebral height (AVH) were measured, to quantify intraoperative correction and loss of correction at 6 weeks and at last follow-up. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing the intraoperative correction and the loss of correction over time. RESULTS: From a total of 230 fractures, 115 patients with a mean age of 51.48 years were included. Pedicle screw fixation achieved a significant intraoperative correction of the CA, local kyphosis angle, and AVH. This correction was partially lost over time, but, at last follow-up, radiographic parameters were still significantly better than preoperatively. A regression model identified that age and body mass index influenced the correction of CA; ASIA classification influenced the correction of AVH. CONCLUSION: Posterior screw fixation allows for the restoration of spinal alignment, but this correction is less effective in elderly people and in patients with higher body mass index and higher degree of neurological injury.Level of Study: Level III.

Arthrodesis versus Arthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in the Treatment of Hallux Rigidus - A Comparative Study of Appropriately Selected Patients.

Objective Historical results of arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1MTP) are relatively poor; however, improvements in the understanding of the normal foot biomechanics, implant materials and design currently make arthroplasty a reasonable option in appropriately selected patients. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic results of 1MTP arthrodesis and arthroplasty in the treatment of hallux rigidus and to present a rationale for patient selection for arthroplasty. Methods A total of 36 patients (38 feet) with hallux rigidus submitted to surgery (12 arthrodesis and 26 arthroplasties) were prospectively included in the study. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the functional status was assessed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (AOFAS-HMI) scale. Complications and radiographic results were also analyzed, and survival rates were calculated for both procedures. Results All of the patients reported significant improvement in pain and functional status after surgery. Patients submitted to arthroplasty had better functional results on the AOFAS-HMI scale (89.7 versus 65.7 points; p < 0.001) and better pain relief (VAS 1.6 versus 3.9 points; p = 0.002) when compared with the group submitted to arthrodesis. There was one case of infection in the arthroplasty group and 2 cases of pseudarthrosis in the arthrodesis group. Conclusion Arthrodesis provides pain relief and satisfactory results but alters the biomechanics of gait. Like arthrodesis, arthroplasty improves pain significantly, being a more physiological alternative to preserve the biomechanics of the foot. While the two surgical methods yielded good clinical results, selected patients submitted to arthroplasty had better clinical scores and lower revision rates.

Arthrodesis versus Arthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in the Treatment of Hallux Rigidus - A Comparative Study of Appropriately Selected Patients / Artrodese versus artroplastia da primeira articulação metatarsofalângica no tratamento do hallux rigidus - Estudo comparativo de pacientes selecionados apropriadamente

Abstract Objective Historical results of arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1MTP) are relatively poor; however, improvements in the understanding of the normal foot biomechanics, implant materials and design currently make arthroplasty a reasonable option in appropriately selected patients. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic results of 1MTP arthrodesis and arthroplasty in the treatment of hallux rigidus and to present a rationale for patient selection for arthroplasty. Methods A total of 36 patients (38 feet) with hallux rigidus submitted to surgery (12 arthrodesis and 26 arthroplasties) were prospectively included in the study. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the functional status was assessed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (AOFAS-HMI) scale. Complications and radiographic results were also analyzed, and survival rates were calculated for both procedures. Results All of the patients reported significant improvement in pain and functional status after surgery. Patients submitted to arthroplasty had better functional results on the AOFAS-HMI scale (89.7 versus 65.7 points; p < 0.001) and better pain relief (VAS 1.6 versus 3.9 points; p = 0.002) when compared with the group submitted to arthrodesis. There was one case of infection in the arthroplasty group and 2 cases of pseudarthrosis in the arthrodesis group. Conclusion Arthrodesis provides pain relief and satisfactory results but alters the biomechanics of gait. Like arthrodesis, arthroplasty improves pain significantly, being a more physiological alternative to preserve the biomechanics of the foot. While the two surgical methods yielded good clinical results, selected patients submitted to arthroplasty had better clinical scores and lower revision rates.

Resumo Objetivo Historicamente, os resultados da artroplastia da primeira articulação metatarsofalângica (1MTP) eram relativamente ruins; no entanto, melhorias na compreensão da biomecânica normal do pé, nos materiais e no design dos implantes, tornam a artroplastia um tratamento aceitável em pacientes selecionados. O presente estudo pretendeu comparar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos da artrodese com os da artroplastia da 1MTP no tratamento de hallux rigidus e apresentar um racional para seleção de pacientes para artroplastia. Métodos Um total de 36 pacientes (38 pés) com hallux rigidus operados (12 artrodeses e 26 artroplastias) foram prospectivamente incluídos. A dor foi avaliada com recurso à escala visual analógica (VAS) e o resultado funcional usando a escala American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (AOFAS-HMI). As complicações e os resultados radiográficos foram também registrados e a taxa de sobrevida calculada para os dois procedimentos. Resultados Todos os pacientes referiram uma melhoria significativa na dor e nos resultados funcionais após a cirurgia. Os pacientes submetidos a artroplastia tiveram melhor resultado funcional na escala AOFAS-HMI (89,7 versus 65.7 pontos; p < 0.001) e melhor alívio da dor (VAS 1,6 versus 3,9 pontos; p = 0,002) quando comparados com os doentes submetidos a artrodese. Registrou-se um caso de infecção no grupo da artroplastia e 2 casos de pseudoartrose no grupo da artrodese. Conclusão A artrodese permite alívio da dor e resultados satisfatórios, mas altera a biomecânica da marcha. Tal como a artrodese, a artroplastia melhora a dor significativamente, sendo uma alternativa mais fisiológica para preservar a biomecânica do pé. Apesar dos dois tratamentos terem bons resultados clínicos, em pacientes selecionados, a artroplastia teve melhores resultados clínicos e menor taxa de revisão.

Economic Impact of Prosthetic Joint Infection - an Evaluation Within the Portuguese National Health System.

Introduction: Prosthetic infection is a devastating complication of arthroplasty and carries significant economic burden. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic impact of prosthetic hip and knee infection in Portuguese National Health System. Material and Methods: Case-control study carried out from January 2014 to December 2015. The mean costs of primary arthroplasties and prosthetic revision surgeries for non-infectious reasons were compared with the costs of prosthetic infections treated with debridement and preservation of the prosthesis or with two-stage exchange arthroplasty.The reimbursement for these cases was also evaluated and compared with its real costs. Results: A total of 715 primary arthroplasties, 35 aseptic revisions, 16 surgical debridements and 15 revisions for infectious reasons were evaluated. The cost of primary arthroplasties was 3,230€ in the hips and 3,618€ in the knees. The cost of aseptic revision was 6,089€ in the hips and 7,985€ in the knees. In the cases treated with debridement and implant retention the cost was 5,528€ in the hips and 4,009€ in the knees. In cases of infections treated with a two-stage revision the cost was 11,415€ and 13,793€ for hips and knees, respectively. Conclusion: As far as we know this is the first study that analyzes the economic impact of prosthetic infection in the Portuguese context. Although direct compensation for treating infected cases is much lower than calculated costs, infected cases push the overall hospital case-mix-index upwards thus increasing financial compensation for the entire cohort of treated patients. This knowledge will allow for more informed decisions about health policies in the future.

O debate sobre a renda mínima: a experiência de Campinas / The debate about minimum income: the experience of Campinas, Brazil

Aborda o Programa de Renda Mínima na cidade de Campinas, num quadro de falta de relação entre crescimento econômico e crescimento do nível de emprego.

Tratamento cirúrgico do megacolo adquirido: nossa experiência com 480 casos / Surgical treatment of acquired megacolon: our experience with 480 cases

Os autores apresentam seus resultados com emprego de várias técnicas para o tratamento cirúrgico do megacolo chagásico. Apresentam os resultados obtidos no tratamento de 480 pacientes portadores de megacolo. Däo ênfase especial aos abaixamentos do colo pela técnica de Cutait e Duhamel-Haddad

Hérnia diafragmática traumática associada à apendicite (relato de um caso) / Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia associated with appendicitis

Os autores apresentaram um caso de hérnia diafragmática traumática associada à apendicite aguda intra-torácica