ABSTRACT
The micronucleus (MN) test and analysis of heavy metal biological accumulation in Tradescantia pallida (T. pallida) were bioassays used to assess the genotoxic potential of emissions from a complex of ceramic industries into the atmosphere in a city in Brazil that is considered a national reference source for roof tile production. The ceramic industry emission-exposed T. pallida plants were biomonitored during the dry season, in June, July, and August 2013. In addition to the contaminated monitoring site, a reference site in a peri-urban area was utilized, for comparative purposes. Genotoxicity assessments were determined monthly, while heavy metal bioaccumulation was measured at the end of the total exposure period. The MN frequency was significantly greater in T. pallida plants exposed in the ceramic industry emission monitored area compared to the reference site, and highest MN rates were observed in July and August. With respect to heavy metal bioaccumulation in T. pallida leaves, cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) concentrations were significantly higher in plants at the ceramic industry emission monitoring site. Thus, in relation to the parameters assessed, T. pallida was found to be sensitive to atmospheric contamination by heavy metals attributed to ceramic products emissions generated by the ceramic industry, confirming that this plant species may be employed as a reference organism in biomonitoring studies.
Subject(s)
Ceramics , DNA Damage/drug effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Tradescantia/drug effects , Biological Assay/methods , Brazil , Cadmium/analysis , Chromium/analysis , Industrial Waste/adverse effects , Lead/analysis , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Micronucleus Tests , Nickel/analysis , Seasons , Tradescantia/chemistryABSTRACT
The composition and diversity of aquatic insect fauna can be influenced by several factors such as substrate type, availability of allochthonous material, biotic interactions, among others. This occurs because these organisms have different adaptations to environmental characteristics of aquatic systems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution and seasonal variation of immature insects of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera orders in different environments at a Cerrado area in Uberlândia - MG. Sampling was performed in August 2007 (dry season) and February 2008 (rainy season), in three types of environment (stream in gallery forest, stream in vereda and in a pond) at "Reserva do Clube de Caça e Pesca Itororó". The insects were sampled using artificial substrates. We collected a total of 205 insects, 96 in the dry season and 109 in the rainy season. Differences in the abundance of insects among environments were recorded only for Ephemeroptera. Despite distinct characteristics of each environment the abundance of organisms and the richness of genera were similar among sampling sites and between seasons. However, there was a variation in the composition of organisms in each environment.
A composição e diversidade da fauna de insetos aquáticos podem ser influenciadas por vários fatores, como tipo de substrato, disponibilidade de material alóctone, interações bióticas, entre outros. Isso ocorre porque esses organismos têm diferentes adaptações às características ambientais dos sistemas aquáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição e variação sazonal de insetos imaturos das ordens Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera em diferentes ambientes de uma área de Cerrado em Uberlândia - MG. A amostragem foi realizada em agosto de 2007 (estação seca) e fevereiro de 2008 (período chuvoso), em três tipos de ambiente (córrego de mata de galeria, córrego em vereda e em uma lagoa) na "Reserva do Clube de Caça e Pesca Itororó". Os insetos foram amostrados utilizando substratos artificiais. Foi coletado um total de 205 insetos, 96 na estação seca e 109 na estação chuvosa. As diferenças na abundância de insetos entre os ambientes foram registradas apenas para Ephemeroptera. Apesar das características distintas de cada ambiente a abundância de organismos e a riqueza de gêneros foram semelhantes entre os locais de amostragem e entre estações. No entanto, houve uma variação na composição de organismos em cada ambiente.
