Comparative study of the Vertebral Heart Scale (VHS) and the Cardiothoracic Ratio (CTR) in healthy poodle breed dogs

Background: Veterinary cardiology has been widely divulged, especially because of the search for diagnostic methods that allow early identification of heart disease in companion animals. Several techniques are available, such as digital radiography (DR), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) that are being applied to patients with various diseases. VHS has been widely used in clinical practice in veterinary medicine as a way to diagnose heart size increases in lateral thoracic radiography in small animals. Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a predictive factor for cardiac insufficiency in humans. In veterinary medicine, this index is still little used. The objective of the present study was to compare the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) to assess changes in the size of the cardiac silhouette dogs in thoracic radiographs. Materials, Methods & Results: The VHS and CTR of forty healthy poodle breed dogs (20 males and 20 females) from University Veterinary Hospital at the Federal University of Piauí were assessed. The animals were placed in supine and lateral decubitus, to obtain radiographic images in dorsoventral (DV) and right and left laterolateral projections of the thoracic region. The images acquired on the photosensitive radiographic chassis were analyzed by digital radiographic image system installed in the Image Diagnosis [...](AU)

Comparative study of the Vertebral Heart Scale (VHS) and the Cardiothoracic Ratio (CTR) in healthy poodle breed dogs

Background: Veterinary cardiology has been widely divulged, especially because of the search for diagnostic methods that allow early identification of heart disease in companion animals. Several techniques are available, such as digital radiography (DR), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) that are being applied to patients with various diseases. VHS has been widely used in clinical practice in veterinary medicine as a way to diagnose heart size increases in lateral thoracic radiography in small animals. Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a predictive factor for cardiac insufficiency in humans. In veterinary medicine, this index is still little used. The objective of the present study was to compare the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) to assess changes in the size of the cardiac silhouette dogs in thoracic radiographs. Materials, Methods & Results: The VHS and CTR of forty healthy poodle breed dogs (20 males and 20 females) from University Veterinary Hospital at the Federal University of Piauí were assessed. The animals were placed in supine and lateral decubitus, to obtain radiographic images in dorsoventral (DV) and right and left laterolateral projections of the thoracic region. The images acquired on the photosensitive radiographic chassis were analyzed by digital radiographic image system installed in the Image Diagnosis [...]

Reação farmacodérmica em cão: relato de caso / Drug reaction adverse cutaneous in a dog: a case report

Farmacodermia é uma reação de hipersensibilidade a um fármaco a qual pode se manifestar por meiode reações cutâneas comumente associadas a sinais sistêmicos. Relata-se a ocorrência de um caso defarmacodermia em uma cadela sem raça definida de dois anos de idade atendida em um Hospital VeterinárioUniversitário apresentando uma dermatite exsudativa caracterizada por vesículas, eritema e prurido na região dorso-lombar. O tratamento consistiu em antibioticoterapia com cefalexina durante 20 dias com remissão do quadro. Após quatro meses, em nova consulta, o animal apresentava lesõescutâneas extensas semelhantes a queimaduras. Amostras teciduais foram colhidas por meio de biópsiacutânea incisional. Cultura e antibiograma da secreção cutânea exsudativa, hemograma completo, bioquímica sérica (uréia e creatinina) e urinálise também foram solicitados. O animal foi encaminhado aocentro cirúrgico para debridagem das lesões cutâneas e prescrito ciprofloxacina, limpeza diária da pelecom permanganato de potássio, prednisona e omeprazol. Após dez dias de alta, observou-se regressãosignificativa das lesões cutâneas e, seguidos quatro meses de tratamento, o animal estava completamenterestabelecido.

Pharmacodermia is a hypersensitivity reaction to a drug which can be manifested by skin reactionscommonly associated with systemic signs. We report the occurrence of an event of adverse drug reactionsin a mongrel bitch two years old treated at a University Veterinary Hospital showing an exudative dermatitis characterized by vesicles, erythema and itching in the area back injury. Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy with cephalexin for 20 days with remission clinic. After four monthsin new query, the animal had extensive skin injuries similar to burns. Tissue samples were collected by incisional skin biopsy. Culture and antobiogram of the skin secretion exudative, complete blood count, serum biochemistry (urea and creatinine) and urinalysis were requested. The animal was taken to the operating room for debridagem cutaneous and prescribed ciprofloxacin, daily cleaning of skin with potassium permanganate, prednisone and omeprazole. After ten days of high, there was a significant regression of cutaneous lesions and followed four months of treatment, the animal wasfully restored.

Reação farmacodérmica em cão: relato de caso / Drug reaction adverse cutaneous in a dog: a case report

Farmacodermia é uma reação de hipersensibilidade a um fármaco a qual pode se manifestar por meiode reações cutâneas comumente associadas a sinais sistêmicos. Relata-se a ocorrência de um caso defarmacodermia em uma cadela sem raça definida de dois anos de idade atendida em um Hospital VeterinárioUniversitário apresentando uma dermatite exsudativa caracterizada por vesículas, eritema e prurido na região dorso-lombar. O tratamento consistiu em antibioticoterapia com cefalexina durante 20 dias com remissão do quadro. Após quatro meses, em nova consulta, o animal apresentava lesõescutâneas extensas semelhantes a queimaduras. Amostras teciduais foram colhidas por meio de biópsiacutânea incisional. Cultura e antibiograma da secreção cutânea exsudativa, hemograma completo, bioquímica sérica (uréia e creatinina) e urinálise também foram solicitados. O animal foi encaminhado aocentro cirúrgico para debridagem das lesões cutâneas e prescrito ciprofloxacina, limpeza diária da pelecom permanganato de potássio, prednisona e omeprazol. Após dez dias de alta, observou-se regressãosignificativa das lesões cutâneas e, seguidos quatro meses de tratamento, o animal estava completamenterestabelecido. (AU)

Pharmacodermia is a hypersensitivity reaction to a drug which can be manifested by skin reactionscommonly associated with systemic signs. We report the occurrence of an event of adverse drug reactionsin a mongrel bitch two years old treated at a University Veterinary Hospital showing an exudative dermatitis characterized by vesicles, erythema and itching in the area back injury. Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy with cephalexin for 20 days with remission clinic. After four monthsin new query, the animal had extensive skin injuries similar to burns. Tissue samples were collected by incisional skin biopsy. Culture and antobiogram of the skin secretion exudative, complete blood count, serum biochemistry (urea and creatinine) and urinalysis were requested. The animal was taken to the operating room for debridagem cutaneous and prescribed ciprofloxacin, daily cleaning of skin with potassium permanganate, prednisone and omeprazole. After ten days of high, there was a significant regression of cutaneous lesions and followed four months of treatment, the animal wasfully restored. (AU)

Sutura extramucosa em pontos separados simples e plano único no esôfago torácico de cães / Single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures in thoracic esophagus of the dogs

Propõe-se nova técnica de esofagorrafia em cães com o objetivo de facilitar as manobras cirúrgicas. Foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em dois grupos, nos quais foram feitas esofagotomias torácicas. Nos cães do primeiro grupo, a incisão foi longitudinal e nos do segundo grupo, transversal. A esofagorrafia, em todos os cães, foi feita em plano único com pontos separados simples e fio de algodão, com exclusão da mucosa. Em todos os cães foram feitas radiografias contrastadas do esôfago no pré-operatório e semanalmente no pós-operatório. Trinta dias após a cirurgia todos os animais foram eutanasiados e foi colhido material para exame histológico. A técnica cirúrgica revelou-se de fácil execução e todos os animais se recuperaram bem. As radiografias após a cirurgia revelaram dilatação esofágica em alguns animais, principalmente os do grupo 2.No entanto, ao tempo de 30 dias, a cicatrização do esôfago foi equivalente aos do grupo 1. Ao exame macroscópico, observaram-se apenas aderências do mediastino e pleura à cicatriz esofágica.O exame histológico revelou cicatrização normal. Concluiu-se que a sutura em questão pode ser utilizada em esofagotomias torácicas no cão, apresentando cicatrização anatômica e diminuindo a possibilidade de complicações(AU)

It was proposed a new technique for closure of the thoracic esophagotomy, with the objective to facilitate the surgical procedure. It was used 30 dogs, divided in two groups. All the animals were submitted to thoracic esophagotomy. In group 1, the esophagic incision was longitudinal and in group 2, transversal. The esophagic closure, similar in both groups, was performed with single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures, using cotton thread. Radiographic examination with contrast was performed in the preoperative period and weekly following the surgery. The dogs were euthanatized 30 days after the surgery, and material was collected for histopathologic examination. The surgical technique was successfull and the dogs recovered normally. Radiographic examination after surgery revealed esophagic dilatation in some animals, especially on the group 2. However, at the time of 30 days, the healing of the esophagus was equivalent to that of group 1.Gross examination revealed only adhesions among esophagic scar to parietal pleura, and mediastine. The surgical scar showed good and anatomic healing. The histopahologic examination revealed normal healing. We can conclude that this surgical technique can be indicated for thoracic esophagotomy closure in the dog, showing anatomic healing, and decreasing complications(AU)

Sutura extramucosa em pontos separados simples e plano único no esôfago torácico de cães / Single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures in thoracic esophagus of the dogs

Propõe-se nova técnica de esofagorrafia em cães com o objetivo de facilitar as manobras cirúrgicas. Foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em dois grupos, nos quais foram feitas esofagotomias torácicas. Nos cães do primeiro grupo, a incisão foi longitudinal e nos do segundo grupo, transversal. A esofagorrafia, em todos os cães, foi feita em plano único com pontos separados simples e fio de algodão, com exclusão da mucosa. Em todos os cães foram feitas radiografias contrastadas do esôfago no pré-operatório e semanalmente no pós-operatório. Trinta dias após a cirurgia todos os animais foram eutanasiados e foi colhido material para exame histológico. A técnica cirúrgica revelou-se de fácil execução e todos os animais se recuperaram bem. As radiografias após a cirurgia revelaram dilatação esofágica em alguns animais, principalmente os do grupo 2.No entanto, ao tempo de 30 dias, a cicatrização do esôfago foi equivalente aos do grupo 1. Ao exame macroscópico, observaram-se apenas aderências do mediastino e pleura à cicatriz esofágica.O exame histológico revelou cicatrização normal. Concluiu-se que a sutura em questão pode ser utilizada em esofagotomias torácicas no cão, apresentando cicatrização anatômica e diminuindo a possibilidade de complicações

It was proposed a new technique for closure of the thoracic esophagotomy, with the objective to facilitate the surgical procedure. It was used 30 dogs, divided in two groups. All the animals were submitted to thoracic esophagotomy. In group 1, the esophagic incision was longitudinal and in group 2, transversal. The esophagic closure, similar in both groups, was performed with single-layer extramucosal interrupted sutures, using cotton thread. Radiographic examination with contrast was performed in the preoperative period and weekly following the surgery. The dogs were euthanatized 30 days after the surgery, and material was collected for histopathologic examination. The surgical technique was successfull and the dogs recovered normally. Radiographic examination after surgery revealed esophagic dilatation in some animals, especially on the group 2. However, at the time of 30 days, the healing of the esophagus was equivalent to that of group 1.Gross examination revealed only adhesions among esophagic scar to parietal pleura, and mediastine. The surgical scar showed good and anatomic healing. The histopahologic examination revealed normal healing. We can conclude that this surgical technique can be indicated for thoracic esophagotomy closure in the dog, showing anatomic healing, and decreasing complications

Persistent Right Aortic Arch in a Dog

Background: Vascular ring anomalies were congenital malformation of the great vessels, caused by defects in embryogenesis of the aortic arches. In dogs the most common type is persistent right aortic arch (PRAA). The PRAA occurs when the fourth right aortic arch persists instead of left to form the aorta. This malformation causes extraluminal compression of the esophagus up to the base of the heart. The constriction leads to esophageal dilatation secondary, located cranial to the base heart. The food, which can not progress beyond the narrowing, is regurgitated intermittently. Thus, the main clinical sign of disease is regurgitation when the patient starts eating solid foods. Respiratory clinical signs (mainly pneumonia by aspiration) may occur and can complicate the disease. The diagnosis is suspected by history (puppies at weaning) and physical examination. The diagnosis is confirmed by the esophagogram, where the image is characteristic (esophagic dilatation cranial base of the heart). The treatment of the affection is surgical, with transection and ligature of the vascular ring, viewed during thoracotomy by fourth intercostal space. The postoperative management which consists mainly of liquid diet and/or pasty is important for total recovery of the animal. In some cases, the animal must receive a special diet for life to prevent regurgitation. However at long term, most operated animal presents important sequels. These sequelae include respiratory disorders and low development of animal. The objective of the present paper is to relate a case of bitch with persistent right aortic arch, successful treated surgically, without serious clinical consequences. Case: A mongrel bitch with 2 months of age was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of the Piauí, Brazil, with vomiting. At the clinical examination was observed increase in volume in the cervical region.(...)(AU)

Persistent Right Aortic Arch in a Dog

Background: Vascular ring anomalies were congenital malformation of the great vessels, caused by defects in embryogenesis of the aortic arches. In dogs the most common type is persistent right aortic arch (PRAA). The PRAA occurs when the fourth right aortic arch persists instead of left to form the aorta. This malformation causes extraluminal compression of the esophagus up to the base of the heart. The constriction leads to esophageal dilatation secondary, located cranial to the base heart. The food, which can not progress beyond the narrowing, is regurgitated intermittently. Thus, the main clinical sign of disease is regurgitation when the patient starts eating solid foods. Respiratory clinical signs (mainly pneumonia by aspiration) may occur and can complicate the disease. The diagnosis is suspected by history (puppies at weaning) and physical examination. The diagnosis is confirmed by the esophagogram, where the image is characteristic (esophagic dilatation cranial base of the heart). The treatment of the affection is surgical, with transection and ligature of the vascular ring, viewed during thoracotomy by fourth intercostal space. The postoperative management which consists mainly of liquid diet and/or pasty is important for total recovery of the animal. In some cases, the animal must receive a special diet for life to prevent regurgitation. However at long term, most operated animal presents important sequels. These sequelae include respiratory disorders and low development of animal. The objective of the present paper is to relate a case of bitch with persistent right aortic arch, successful treated surgically, without serious clinical consequences. Case: A mongrel bitch with 2 months of age was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of the Piauí, Brazil, with vomiting. At the clinical examination was observed increase in volume in the cervical region.(...)