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1.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(8): 4323-4339, 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1444277

ABSTRACT

To characterize the epidemiological dynamics of acquired syphilis and gestational syphilis in the state of Maranhão, between 2010 and 2021. Methods: Confirmed cases of acquired syphilis between 2010 and 2021 and of gestational syphilis between 2010 and 2020, in the state of Maranhão, available by the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) were analyzed. Results: The year 2018 had the highest number of reports of acquired syphilis (1.787 cases; p < 0.0001). The municipality of Duque Bacelar (East Mesoregion) had the highest incidence rate (285.5 per 100,000 inhabitants), for acquired syphilis, in the triennium 2016 to 2018. Regarding gestational syphilis, the year 2018 also stood out (1,892 cases; p < 0.0001) as the one with the highest number of records. The municipality of Buriticupu (West Mesoregion) had the highest detection rate of gestational syphilis (42.4 per 1,000 live births) in the biennium 2019 and 2020. Conclusions: The data presented showed municipalities with higher rates of acquired syphilis and gestational syphilis, concentrating located respectively in the East and West Mesoregions of the state of Maranhão. The findings obtained in the present study gather useful information for monitoring areas with a high incidence of the disease, thus contributing to the discussion and implementation of effective strategies to reduce cases.


Caracterizar a dinâmica epidemiológica da sífilis adquirida e da sífilis gestacional no Maranhão, entre 2010 e 2021. Métodos: Foram analisados os casos confirmados de sífilis adquirida entre 2010 e 2021 e de sífilis gestacional entre 2010 e 2020, no Maranhão, disponíveis pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: O ano de 2018 teve o maior número de notificações de sífilis adquirida (1.787 casos; p < 0,0001). O município de Duque Bacelar (Mesoregião Oriental) teve a maior taxa de incidência (285,5 por 100.000 habitantes), para a sífilis adquirida, no triênio 2016 a 2018. Em relação à sífilis gestacional, o ano de 2018 também se destacou (1.892 casos; p < 0,0001) como o com o maior número de registros. O município de Buriticupu (Mesoregião Ocidental) teve a maior taxa de detecção de sífilis gestacional (42,4 por mil nascidos vivos) no biênio 2019 e 2020. Conclusões: Os dados apresentados mostraram municípios com maiores taxas de sífilis adquirida e sífilis gestacional, concentrando-se localizados respectivamente nas Mesoregiões Leste e Oeste do Estado do Maranhão. Os achados obtidos no presente estudo reúnem informações úteis para o monitoramento de áreas com alta incidência da doença, contribuindo assim para a discussão e implementação de estratégias eficazes para a redução de casos.


Caracterizar la dinámica epidemiológica de la sífilis adquirida y la sífilis gestacional en el estado de Maranhão, entre 2010 y 2021. Métodos: Se analizaron casos confirmados de sífilis adquirida entre 2010 y 2021 y de sífilis gestacional entre 2010 y 2020, en el estado de Maranhão, disponibles por el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: El año 2018 tuvo el mayor número de reportes de sífilis adquirida (1,787 casos; p < 0,0001). El municipio de Duque Bacelar (Mesorregión Este) tuvo la mayor tasa de incidencia (285,5 por 100.000 habitantes), por sífilis adquirida, en el trienio 2016 al 2018. En cuanto a la sífilis gestacional, también se destacó el año 2018 (1.892 casos; p < 0,0001) como el de mayor número de registros. El municipio de Buriticupu (Mesorregión Oeste) tuvo la tasa más alta de detección de sífilis gestacional (42,4 por 1.000 nacidos vivos) en el bienio 2019 y 2020. Conclusiones: Los datos presentados mostraron municipios con mayores tasas de sífilis adquirida y gestacional, concentrándose respectivamente en las Mesorregiones Este y Oeste del estado de Maranhão. Los hallazgos obtenidos en el presente estudio reúnen información útil para el seguimiento de áreas con alta incidencia de la enfermedad, contribuyendo así a la discusión e implementación de estrategias efectivas para disminuir los casos.

2.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 16(6): 525-536, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29338159

ABSTRACT

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways affecting over 300 million people worldwide. As in the autoimmune diseases, it is well described that women are the most affected by asthma. The higher number of women presenting this pathology suggests the involvement of female sex hormones in the construction of the allergic immune response. Female Balb / c mice were used for the experiments. Thirty-eight animals were separated into four groups: OVX-Ova; Sham-Ova; OVX-Sal; Sham-Sal. Then animals underwent acute allergic induction protocol by Ovalbulmin (OVA). Ovariectomized animals showed greater number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and elevated white blood cells recruitment to the lung environment observed by histological analysis. There was a significant increase of eosinophils and mast cells in inflammatory sites at pulmonary tissue. The relative uterine and body weight were lower in ovariectomized animals and higher in Sham mice, respectively. Moreover, the lack of the sex hormones induced an increase in interleukin (IL)-4 and titers of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies. However, increased production of IL-17A was only observed in Sham animals. Altogether, data this study suggest that ovariectomy induces the formation of a stronger Th2 response in allergic animal. However, the immune processes involved in the allergic response in females currently remain unclear.


Subject(s)
Hypersensitivity/immunology , Lymphocyte Count , Ovariectomy , Th17 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Animals , Antibodies/blood , Antibodies/immunology , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology , Cytokines/metabolism , Eosinophils/immunology , Eosinophils/metabolism , Eosinophils/pathology , Female , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism , Hypersensitivity/metabolism , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Lung/immunology , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Ovalbumin/immunology , Th17 Cells/metabolism , Th2 Cells/metabolism
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