Comparação da qualidade seminal de caprinos das raças Canindé e Alpina Britânica no Nordeste brasileiro / Comparison of the seminal quality of Canindé and British Alpine goats in the Brazilian Northeast

O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade seminal de caprinos das raças Canindé (autóctone) e Alpina Britânica (exótica) no Nordeste brasileiro. O experimento foi realizado nos períodos de julho a setembro dos anos de 2015 e 2016. As coletas seminais foram realizadas com auxílio de vagina artificial, de machos das raças Canindé (n = 4) e Alpina Britânica (n = 7). Após a coleta, o sêmen foi avaliado quanto a: volume (ml), concentração (sptz/ml), motilidade (%) e vigor (1-5). Em seguida, diluído em ACP-101c e criopreservado em máquina TK3000TM. Posteriormente, foram analisados os parâmetros cinéticos, através do software SCA®, e a atividade mitocondrial. No sêmen fresco, as duas raças apresentaram valores de motilidade e concentração dentro do preconizado para a espécie. Entretanto, os valores de volume e circunferência escrotal foram superiores na raça Alpina Britânica (0,73 ml ± 0,32; 27,35 cm ± 2,09) do que na raça Canindé (0,36 ml ± 0,07; 23,25 cm ± 0,95) (p < 0,05). Já no sêmen descongelado, os parâmetros motilidade total - MT (36,96% ± 11,16 vs. 20,50% ± 14,15), motilidade progressiva - MP (26,67% ± 11,13 vs. 11,29% ± 9,42), vigor (2,91 ± 0,90 vs. 1,88 ± 0,67), velocidade curvilinear - VCL (78,12 µm/s ± 12,41 vs. 59,28 µm/s ± 15,57), velocidade linear - VSL (49,23 µm/s ± 9,87 vs. 29,9 µm/s ± 9,48), velocidade média da trajetória - VAP (66,08 µm/s ± 12,77 vs. 45,70 µm/s ± 12,20), linearidade - LIN (62,97% ± 6,96 vs. 49,54%±9,50), retilinearidade - STR (74,63% ± 6,44 vs. 65,77% ± 8,92), e oscilação - WOB (84,32% ± 5,94 vs. 74,42% ± 7,31) foram superiores para a raça Canindé em detrimento à Alpina Britânica (p < 0,05). Portanto, o sêmen fresco das duas raças podem ser utilizados em biotécnicas reprodutivas. Já o sêmen pós-descongelação da raça Canindé apresentou melhor qualidade, provavelmente pelos animais estarem mais adaptados às condições adversas da região Nordeste, sendo recomendado para programas de inseminação artificial.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm quality of Canindé (native) and British Alpine (exotic) goats in the Northeast of Brazil. The experiment was carried out from July to September of the years 2015 and 2016. Sperm collections of Canindé (n = 4) and British Alpine (n = 7) males were performed using artificial vagina. After collection, the sperm was evaluated for volume (ml), concentration (sptz/ml), motility (%), and vigor (1-5). Then diluted in ACP-101c and cryopreserved in TK3000TM machine. Subsequently, kinetic parameters were analyzed through SCA TM software and mitochondrial activity. In fresh sperm, the two races presented values of motility and concentration within the recommended for the specie. However, volume and scrotal circumference values were higher in the British Alpine breed (0.73 mL ± 0.32; 27.35 cm ± 2.09) than in the Canindé breed (0.36 mL ± 0.07; 23 , 25 cm ± 0.95) (p <0.05). In the thawed sperm, the parameters total motility - TM (36.96% ± 11.16 vs. 20.50% ± 14.15), progressive motility - PM (26.67% ± 11.13 vs. 11.29 % ± 9.42), vigor (2.91 ± 0.90 vs. 1.88 ± 0.67), curvilinear velocity - VCL (78.12 µm/s ± 12.41 vs. 59.28 µm/s ± 15.57), linear velocity - VSL (49.23 µm/s ± 9.87 vs. 29.9 µm/s ± 9.48), mean velocity of the trajectory - VAP (66.08 µm/s ± 12.77 vs. 45.70 µm/s ± 12.20), linearity - LIN (62.97% ± 6.96 vs. 49.54% ± 9.50), rectilinearity - STR (74.63% ± 6.44 vs. 65.77% ± 8.92), and oscillation -WOB (84.32% ± 5.94 vs. 74.42% ± 7.31) were higher for Canindé breed than for British Alpine ( p < 0.05). Therefore, fresh sperm from both breeds can be used in reproductive biotechniques. On the other hand, the post-thawed sperm of the Canindé breed showed better quality, probably because the animals were more adapted to the adverse conditions of the Northeast region and are recommended for artificial insemination programs.(AU)

Comparação da qualidade seminal de caprinos das raças Canindé e Alpina Britânica no Nordeste brasileiro / Comparison of the seminal quality of Canindé and British Alpine goats in the Brazilian Northeast

O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade seminal de caprinos das raças Canindé (autóctone) e Alpina Britânica (exótica) no Nordeste brasileiro. O experimento foi realizado nos períodos de julho a setembro dos anos de 2015 e 2016. As coletas seminais foram realizadas com auxílio de vagina artificial, de machos das raças Canindé (n = 4) e Alpina Britânica (n = 7). Após a coleta, o sêmen foi avaliado quanto a: volume (ml), concentração (sptz/ml), motilidade (%) e vigor (1-5). Em seguida, diluído em ACP-101c e criopreservado em máquina TK3000TM. Posteriormente, foram analisados os parâmetros cinéticos, através do software SCA®, e a atividade mitocondrial. No sêmen fresco, as duas raças apresentaram valores de motilidade e concentração dentro do preconizado para a espécie. Entretanto, os valores de volume e circunferência escrotal foram superiores na raça Alpina Britânica (0,73 ml ± 0,32; 27,35 cm ± 2,09) do que na raça Canindé (0,36 ml ± 0,07; 23,25 cm ± 0,95) (p < 0,05). Já no sêmen descongelado, os parâmetros motilidade total - MT (36,96% ± 11,16 vs. 20,50% ± 14,15), motilidade progressiva - MP (26,67% ± 11,13 vs. 11,29% ± 9,42), vigor (2,91 ± 0,90 vs. 1,88 ± 0,67), velocidade curvilinear - VCL (78,12 µm/s ± 12,41 vs. 59,28 µm/s ± 15,57), velocidade linear - VSL (49,23 µm/s ± 9,87 vs. 29,9 µm/s ± 9,48), velocidade média da trajetória - VAP (66,08 µm/s ± 12,77 vs. 45,70 µm/s ± 12,20), linearidade - LIN (62,97% ± 6,96 vs. 49,54%±9,50), retilinearidade - STR (74,63% ± 6,44 vs. 65,77% ± 8,92), e oscilação - WOB (84,32% ± 5,94 vs. 74,42% ± 7,31) foram superiores para a raça Canindé em detrimento à Alpina Britânica (p < 0,05). Portanto, o sêmen fresco das duas raças podem ser utilizados em biotécnicas reprodutivas. Já o sêmen pós-descongelação da raça Canindé apresentou melhor qualidade, provavelmente pelos animais estarem mais adaptados às condições adversas da região Nordeste, sendo recomendado para programas de inseminação artificial.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm quality of Canindé (native) and British Alpine (exotic) goats in the Northeast of Brazil. The experiment was carried out from July to September of the years 2015 and 2016. Sperm collections of Canindé (n = 4) and British Alpine (n = 7) males were performed using artificial vagina. After collection, the sperm was evaluated for volume (ml), concentration (sptz/ml), motility (%), and vigor (1-5). Then diluted in ACP-101c and cryopreserved in TK3000TM machine. Subsequently, kinetic parameters were analyzed through SCA TM software and mitochondrial activity. In fresh sperm, the two races presented values of motility and concentration within the recommended for the specie. However, volume and scrotal circumference values were higher in the British Alpine breed (0.73 mL ± 0.32; 27.35 cm ± 2.09) than in the Canindé breed (0.36 mL ± 0.07; 23 , 25 cm ± 0.95) (p <0.05). In the thawed sperm, the parameters total motility - TM (36.96% ± 11.16 vs. 20.50% ± 14.15), progressive motility - PM (26.67% ± 11.13 vs. 11.29 % ± 9.42), vigor (2.91 ± 0.90 vs. 1.88 ± 0.67), curvilinear velocity - VCL (78.12 µm/s ± 12.41 vs. 59.28 µm/s ± 15.57), linear velocity - VSL (49.23 µm/s ± 9.87 vs. 29.9 µm/s ± 9.48), mean velocity of the trajectory - VAP (66.08 µm/s ± 12.77 vs. 45.70 µm/s ± 12.20), linearity - LIN (62.97% ± 6.96 vs. 49.54% ± 9.50), rectilinearity - STR (74.63% ± 6.44 vs. 65.77% ± 8.92), and oscillation -WOB (84.32% ± 5.94 vs. 74.42% ± 7.31) were higher for Canindé breed than for British Alpine ( p < 0.05). Therefore, fresh sperm from both breeds can be used in reproductive biotechniques. On the other hand, the post-thawed sperm of the Canindé breed showed better quality, probably because the animals were more adapted to the adverse conditions of the Northeast region and are recommended for artificial insemination programs.(AU)

Effects of blood flow restriction exercises on bone metabolism: a systematic review.

This study analysed the effect of low-intensity (LI) exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) on bone metabolism compared with high-intensity (HI) exercises without BFR. The following databases were searched using the keywords therapeutic occlusion training OR BFR training OR vascular occlusion training OR KAATSU training OR ischaemia training AND osteogenesis OR bone biomarkers OR bone metabolic marker OR bone mass OR bone turnover OR osteoporosis OR osteopenia: PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Science Direct, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Two researchers, independently and blindly, selected the studies based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electronic and manual searches located 170 articles published in English; after screening, only four studies showed that BFR training increases the expression of bone formation markers (e.g. bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and decreases bone resorption markers (e.g. the amino-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen) after both aerobic and anaerobic exercise across several populations. The results of this study show that few studies have confirmed the positive effect of exercise with BFR on bone metabolism, formation and resorption. Furthermore, no methodological standardization of the samples, exercise type, intervention frequency or duration was observed.

Effects of strength training with blood flow restriction on torque, muscle activation and local muscular endurance in healthy subjects.

The present study aimed to analyse the effects of six weeks of strength training (ST), with and without blood flow restriction (BFR), on torque, muscle activation, and local muscular endurance (LME) of the knee extensors. Thirty-seven healthy young individuals were divided into four groups: high intensity (HI), low intensity with BFR (LI+BFR), high intensity and low intensity + BFR (COMB), and low intensity (LI). Torque, muscle activation and LME were evaluated before the test and at the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks after exercise. All groups had increased torque, muscle activation and LME (p<0.05) after the intervention, but the effect size and magnitude were greater in the HI, LI+BFR and COMB groups. In conclusion, the groups with BFR (LI+BFR and COMB) produced magnitudes of muscle activation, torque and LME similar to those of the HI group.

Co-Infestation and Spatial Distribution of Bactrocera carambolae and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Common Guava in the Eastern Amazon.

Field infestation and spatial distribution of introduced Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and native species of Anastrepha in common guavas [Psidium guajava (L.)] were investigated in the eastern Amazon. Fruit sampling was carried out in the municipalities of Calçoene and Oiapoque in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The frequency distribution of larvae in fruit was fitted to the negative binomial distribution. Anastrepha striata was more abundant in both sampled areas in comparison to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and B. carambolae The frequency distribution analysis of adults revealed an aggregated pattern for B. carambolae as well as for A. fraterculus and Anastrepha striata Schiner, described by the negative binomial distribution. Although the populations of Anastrepha spp. may have suffered some impact due to the presence of B. carambolae, the results are still not robust enough to indicate effective reduction in the abundance of Anastrepha spp. caused by B. carambolae in a general sense. The high degree of aggregation observed for both species suggests interspecific co-occurrence with the simultaneous presence of both species in the analysed fruit. Moreover, a significant fraction of uninfested guavas also indicated absence of competitive displacement.

Thermal comfort zones for starter meat-type quails

The objective of this study was to determine thermal comfort ranges, as evaluated by air temperature and black-glove temperature and humidity index (BGTHI), for starter meat-type quails. Nine hundred quails were randomly distributed into five environmental chambers. Each chamber was programmed to provide different temperatures weekly. The following thermal environments were provided: SC - severe cold, MC - moderate cold, TC - recommended comfort environment, MH - moderate heat, and SH - severe heat. The best live performance was obtained when quails were submitted to temperatures of 36-39 ºC and BGTHI of 87.1 ± 0.4 and 91.4 ± 0.6 during the first week of rearing. Temperatures of 27-30 ºC and BGTHI of 75.8 ± 0.4 and 79.9 ± 0.6, during the second week, and temperature of 24 ºC and BGTHI of 70.8 ± 0.5 during the third week of rearing.(AU)

Caracterização zoosanitária da ovinocultura e da caprinocultura na microrregião homogênea de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil / Zoosanitary characterization of sheep and goat farming in homogenous microregions of Teresina, Piaui, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o manejo sanitário e descrever as características da ovinocaprinocultura na microrregião homogênea (MRH) de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram investigadas 45 propriedades capriovinícolas, distribuídas em 14 municípios. O número médio de animais foi de 129 e 121 nos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. Os animais utilizados na formação dos rebanhos base tiveram como origem os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Ceará. Animais SPRD (45,8%) e da raça Santa Inês (35,4%) são os mais encontrados entre os ovinos e na espécie caprina animais SPRD (55,3%) e animais da raça Anglo-Nubiana (28,6%). O estudo demostrou que 42,2% propriedades pesquisadas exploravam bovinos e caprinos e/ou ovinos. O sistema de criação extensivo foi adotado em 71,1% dos criatórios. As práticas sanitárias adotadas com maior frequência foram descarte de agulhas após o uso, isolamento de animais doentes e corte e desinfecção do umbigo. A desverminação foi a prática utilizada no controle de verminoses por 100,0% dos produtores. A vacinação foi adotada em 48,8% dos rebanhos. As alterações clínicas mais citadas foram linfadenite caseosa (64,4%), pododermatite (62,2%) e diarreia (60,0%). Portanto, a ovinocaprinocultura na MRH de Teresina é praticada, em sua grande maioria, de forma extensiva e que, apesar de contar com instalações razoáveis, ainda apresenta deficiências quanto à utilização de práticas de manejo sanitário, o que acaba impossibilitando a prevenção e o controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosas e parasitárias.

The objective of this study was to characterize the health practices and describe the characteristics of sheep and goat farming in the homogeneous microregion (HMR) in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Forty-five goat and sheep farms were investigated, distributed in 14 cities. The average number of animals per herd was 129 and 121, for the goats and sheep, respectively. The animals used to form the herds originated in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará. Animals with undefined breed (45.8%) and Santa Ines breed (35.4%) were the most frequent among the sheep, while for the goats it was undefined breed (55.3%) and Nubian goats (28.6%). The study showed that 42.2% of the 45 farms surveyed raised cattle as well as goats and/or sheep. The extensive rearing system was adopted on 71.1% of the farms. The health practices adopted most often by farmers were the disposing of needles and syringes after use, isolation of sick animals, and cutting and disinfecting the navel. Deworming was a practice used to control worms by 100.0% of producers. Vaccination was a practice adopted in 48.8% of the herds. The clinical changes most often mentioned were caseous lymphadenitis (64.4%), foot rot (62.2%) and diarrhea (60.0%). In conclusion, sheep and goat farming in the Teresina HMR is practiced extensively with reasonably proper installations, but still shows deficiencies in the use of health practices, which impair the prevention and control of diseases, particularly infectious and parasitic diseases.

Analysis of plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels in premenopausal women with breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Zinc deficiency has been associated with damage and oxidative changes in DNA that may increase an individual's risk of cancer. Furthermore, zinc metabolism may be affected in cancer patients, leading to alterations in its distribution that would favor carcinogenesis. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels in women with breast cancer were evaluated in this cross-sectional, controlled study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-five premenopausal women of 25 to 49 years of age with and without breast cancer were divided into two groups: Group A, composed of women without breast cancer (controls, n = 26) and Group B, composed of women with breast cancer (cases, n = 29). Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry at γ = 213.9 nm. Diet was assessed using the 3-day diet recall method and analyzed using the NutWin software program, version 1.5. Student's t-test was used to compare means and significance was established at p = 0.05. RESULTS: Mean plasma zinc levels were 69.69 ± 9.00 g/dL in the breast cancer patients and 65.93 ± 12.44 g/dL in the controls (p = 0.201). Mean erythrocyte zinc level was 41.86 ± 8.28 µgZn/gHb in the cases and 47.93 ± 7.00 µgZn/gHb in the controls (p < 0.05). In both groups, dietary zinc levels were above the estimated average requirement. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that zinc levels are lower in the erythrocyte compartment of pre-menopausal women with breast cancer.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO ZOOSANITÁRIA DA OVINOCULTURA E DA CAPRINOCULTURA NA MICRORREGIÃO HOMOGÊNEA DE TERESINA, PIAUÍ, BRASIL

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the health practices and describe the characteristics of sheep and goat farming in the homogeneous microregion (HMR) in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Forty-five goat and sheep farms were investigated, distributed in 14 cities. The average number of animals per herd was 129 and 121, for the goats and sheep, respectively. The animals used to form the herds originated in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará. Animals with undefined breed (45.8%) and Santa Ines breed (35.4%) were the most frequent among the sheep, while for the goats it was undefined breed (55.3%) and Nubian goats (28.6%). The study showed that 42.2% of the 45 farms surveyed raised cattle as well as goats and/or sheep. The extensive rearing system was adopted on 71.1% of the farms. The health practices adopted most often by farmers were the disposing of needles and syringes after use, isolation of sick animals, and cutting and disinfecting the navel. Deworming was a practice used to control worms by 100.0% of producers. Vaccination was a practice adopted in 48.8% of the herds. The clinical changes most often mentioned were caseous lymphadenitis (64.4%), foot rot (62.2%) and diarrhea (60.0%). In conclusion, sheep and goat farming in the Teresina HMR is practiced extensively with reasonably proper installations, but still shows deficiencies in the use of health practices, which impair the prevention and control of diseases, particularly infectious and parasitic diseases.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o manejo sanitário e descrever as características da ovinocaprinocultura na microrregião homogênea (MRH) de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram investigadas 45 propriedades capriovinícolas, distribuídas em 14 municípios. O número médio de animais foi de 129 e 121 nos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. Os animais utilizados na formação dos rebanhos base tiveram como origem os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Ceará. Animais SPRD (45,8%) e da raça Santa Inês (35,4%) são os mais encontrados entre os ovinos e na espécie caprina animais SPRD (55,3%) e animais da raça Anglo-Nubiana (28,6%). O estudo demostrou que 42,2% propriedades pesquisadas exploravam bovinos e caprinos e/ou ovinos. O sistema de criação extensivo foi adotado em 71,1% dos criatórios. As práticas sanitárias adotadas com maior frequência foram descarte de agulhas após o uso, isolamento de animais doentes e corte e desinfecção do umbigo. A desverminação foi a prática utilizada no controle de verminoses por 100,0% dos produtores. A vacinação foi adotada em 48,8% dos rebanhos. As alterações clínicas mais citadas foram linfadenite caseosa (64,4%), pododermatite (62,2%) e diarreia (60,0%). Portanto, a ovinocaprinocultura na MRH de Teresina é praticada, em sua grande maioria, de forma extensiva e que, apesar de contar com instalações razoáveis, ainda apresenta deficiências quanto à utilização de práticas de manejo sanitário, o que acaba impossibilitando a prevenção e o controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosas e parasitárias.