ABSTRACT
Introdução: A amamentação é um ato que vai além de nutrir a criança. A implementação de tecnologias educacionais pode favorecer a promoção do aleitamento materno. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de álbum seriado sobre amamentação com estratégia de intervenção educativa no puerpério imediato entre puérperas de maternidade pública de acordo com o perfil sociodemográfico e obstétrico. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quase-experimental de modelo pré e pós-teste com único grupo, realizado entre novembro de 2019 e março de 2020. Dados coletados através da escala de autoeficácia em aleitamento materno Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale short form. Avaliou-se a quantidade de mulheres em alta autoeficácia antes e depois da intervenção. Por não apresentarem normalidade e/ou homogeneidade de variância, foram realizados testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Nemenyi. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que houve aumento da autoeficácia após a intervenção, sobretudo em puérperas menores de 18 anos, com Ensino Fundamental, donas de casa, com menos de seis consultas, as orientadas sobre amamentação no pré-natal e as que não amamentaram anteriormente. Discussão: O perfil sociodemográfico das genitoras pode representar influência sobre a autoeficácia na amamentação. Conclusão: a tecnologia educativa foi eficaz no aumento da autoeficácia materna em amamentar no puerpério imediato.
Introduction: Breastfeeding is an act that goes beyond nourishing the child. The implementation of educational technologies can favor the promotion of breastfeeding. Objective: To evaluate the use of a flipchart about breastfeeding as an educational intervention strategy in the immediate postpartum period among mothers in a public maternity hospital according to their sociodemographic and obstetric profile. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study of a pre- and post-test model with a single group, carried out between November 2019 and March 2020. Data collected through the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale short form. The number of women with high self-efficacy before and after the intervention was evaluated. As they did not show normality and/or homogeneity of variance, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests with post-hoc Nemenyi tests were performed. Results: The results showed that there was an increase in self-efficacy after the intervention, especially in puerperal women under 18 years of age, with Elementary Education, housewives, with less than six consultations, those oriented about breastfeeding during prenatal care and those who had not previously breastfed. Discussion: The sociodemographic profile of mothers may influence self-efficacy in breastfeeding. Conclusion: educational technology was effective in increasing maternal self-efficacy in breastfeeding in the immediate puerperium.
Introducción: La lactancia materna es un acto que va más allá de nutrir al niño. La implementación de tecnologías educativas puede favorecer la promoción de la lactancia materna. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de un rotafolio sobre lactancia materna como estrategia de intervención educativa en el puerperio inmediato en puérperas de una maternidad pública según su perfil sociodemográfico y obstétrico. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental de un modelo de pre y post test con un solo grupo, realizado entre noviembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Datos recolectados a través de la Escala de Autoeficacia en Lactancia Materna forma corta. Se evaluó el número de mujeres con alta autoeficacia antes y después de la intervención. Debido a que no mostraron normalidad y/u homogeneidad de varianza, se realizaron pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis con pruebas post-hoc de Nemenyi. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que hubo un aumento en la autoeficacia después de la intervención, especialmente en las puérperas menores de 18 años, con Educación Primaria, amas de casa, con menos de seis consultas, las orientadas sobre lactancia materna durante el prenatal y las que tenían no amamantado previamente. Discusión: El perfil sociodemográfico de las madres puede influir en la autoeficacia en la lactancia. Conclusión: la tecnología educativa fue efectiva para aumentar la autoeficacia materna en la lactancia materna en el puerperio inmediato.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Health Education , Self EfficacyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The objective was to analyze the prevalence trend, spatial distribution, and TB-HIV co-infection-associated factors in an endemic scenario for TB in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: An ecological and temporal series study was conducted based on secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System between January 2008 and December 2019. The prevalence rates were determined for each year and the average for the period. Prais-Winsten regressions were used for temporal variation analysis, scanning techniques were used to detect spatial clusters, and the Poisson regression model was used to explore the factors associated with the outcome. RESULTS: A total of 947 TB cases were reported, of which 501 (52.9%) underwent HIV testing, and of these, 73 were positive. The average prevalence was 20.0%, ranging from 1.5% in 2018 to 44.4% in 2009. A decreasing trend was found. Sixty-seven cases (92%) were geocoded, and two statistically significant (p < 0.005) high relative risk (RR) spatial clusters were detected. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between the co-infection and variables such as male gender, living in the urban area, entry due to relapse, and case closure due to loss to follow-up were evidenced, and these variables constituted risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: A decreasing prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection has been found, as well as a heterogeneous spatial distribution with the formation of spatial clusters in urban areas characterized by socio-spatial inequalities associated with clinical-epidemiological factors. Such findings provide subsidies for rethinking health care activities and improving public policies for vulnerable populations.
