ABSTRACT
Bull selection by andrological examination aims to estimate the reproductive capacity of the male. Bulls of zebu origin adapt better to high temperatures than bulls of taurine origin, which may influence scrotum temperature and seminal quality due to the imbalance of testicular thermoregulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between bioclimatic variables, the temperature of body and scrotal areas, assessed with infrared thermography, and the quality of fresh and post-thawed semen in zebu Nelore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) and Girolando bulls (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus). Bulls were kept in pickets with access to water, mineral mix and a diet supplemented with concentrate. Infrared thermographs of the scrotum, orbital globe and muzzle were performed twice a week with a Flir E40 thermal imager. For scrotal thermograms, we analyzed the temperatures of the spermatic cord, proximal and distal portion of the testes and tail of the epididymis using the Flir Tools software. Samples were collected using an artificial vagina and the ejaculates were processed and frozen in liquid nitrogen until further analyses. Data were analyzed with the Tukey test or the Kruskall-Wallis test, depending on their normal distribution. Our results showed differences (p < 0.05) between the two breeds regarding the temperature in the ocular globe, spermatic cord and proximal portion of the scrotum. Nelore bulls presented lower temperature in the body and in certain regions of the scrotum compared to Girolando bulls. Seminal characteristics varied between breeds, with the Nelore breed presenting better semen. Positive correlations were observed between minor sperm defects and ventral regions of the testes and tails of the epididymis in Girolando bulls. Nelore bulls were less influenced by climatic variables and presented lower temperature in skin surface areas in the...
A seleção de touros pelo exame andrológico visa estimar a capacidade reprodutiva do macho. Touros de origem zebuína apresentam melhor adaptabilidade às altas temperaturas, em relação aos touros de origem taurina, podendo influenciar na temperatura do escroto e na qualidade seminal pelo desequilíbrio da termorregulação testicular. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das variáveis bioclimáticas e a relação de perfis de termogramas por infravermelho de áreas do corpo e escroto com a qualidade do sêmen fresco e descongelado em touros das raças Nelore e Girolando, mantidos em Central de Inseminação Artificial. Foram utilizados quatro touros Nelore e quatro Girolando, mantidos em piquetes com acesso a água e mistura mineral; e suplementação com concentrado. Termografias infravermelhas do escroto, globo ocular e mufla foram realizadas duas vezes por semana com termovisor Flir E40. Para os termogramas escrotais, as temperaturas do cordão espermático, porção proximal e distal dos testículos e cauda do epidídimo foram analisadas utilizando o software Flir Tools. Foram realizadas colheitas de sêmen com vagina artificial e os ejaculados processados e congelados em nitrogênio líquido e analisados na pós-descongelação. Os dados passaram pelo teste de normalidade e teste Tukey; e na ausência de normalidade pelo teste Kruskall- Wallis. Entre raças, foram observadas diferenças (P < 0,05) nas temperaturas do globo ocular, cordão espermático e porção proximal do escroto. Os touros Nelore apresentaram menor temperatura corpórea e de regiões do escroto, em relação aos touros Girolando. As características seminais variaram entre raças (P < 0,05), a raça Nelore apresentou sêmen de melhor qualidade. Correlações positivas (P < 0,05) foram observadas entre defeitos espermáticos menores e temperaturas da região ventral dos testículos e das caudas dos epidídimos. em touros Girolando. Os touros da raça...
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Scrotum , Reproduction , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Bull selection by andrological examination aims to estimate the reproductive capacity of the male. Bulls of zebu origin adapt better to high temperatures than bulls of taurine origin, which may influence scrotum temperature and seminal quality due to the imbalance of testicular thermoregulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between bioclimatic variables, the temperature of body and scrotal areas, assessed with infrared thermography, and the quality of fresh and post-thawed semen in zebu Nelore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) and Girolando bulls (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus). Bulls were kept in pickets with access to water, mineral mix and a diet supplemented with concentrate. Infrared thermographs of the scrotum, orbital globe and muzzle were performed twice a week with a Flir E40 thermal imager. For scrotal thermograms, we analyzed the temperatures of the spermatic cord, proximal and distal portion of the testes and tail of the epididymis using the Flir Tools software. Samples were collected using an artificial vagina and the ejaculates were processed and frozen in liquid nitrogen until further analyses. Data were analyzed with the Tukey test or the Kruskall-Wallis test, depending on their normal distribution. Our results showed differences (p < 0.05) between the two breeds regarding the temperature in the ocular globe, spermatic cord and proximal portion of the scrotum. Nelore bulls presented lower temperature in the body and in certain regions of the scrotum compared to Girolando bulls. Seminal characteristics varied between breeds, with the Nelore breed presenting better semen. Positive correlations were observed between minor sperm defects and ventral regions of the testes and tails of the epididymis in Girolando bulls. Nelore bulls were less influenced by climatic variables and presented lower temperature in skin surface areas in the...(AU)
A seleção de touros pelo exame andrológico visa estimar a capacidade reprodutiva do macho. Touros de origem zebuína apresentam melhor adaptabilidade às altas temperaturas, em relação aos touros de origem taurina, podendo influenciar na temperatura do escroto e na qualidade seminal pelo desequilíbrio da termorregulação testicular. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das variáveis bioclimáticas e a relação de perfis de termogramas por infravermelho de áreas do corpo e escroto com a qualidade do sêmen fresco e descongelado em touros das raças Nelore e Girolando, mantidos em Central de Inseminação Artificial. Foram utilizados quatro touros Nelore e quatro Girolando, mantidos em piquetes com acesso a água e mistura mineral; e suplementação com concentrado. Termografias infravermelhas do escroto, globo ocular e mufla foram realizadas duas vezes por semana com termovisor Flir E40. Para os termogramas escrotais, as temperaturas do cordão espermático, porção proximal e distal dos testículos e cauda do epidídimo foram analisadas utilizando o software Flir Tools. Foram realizadas colheitas de sêmen com vagina artificial e os ejaculados processados e congelados em nitrogênio líquido e analisados na pós-descongelação. Os dados passaram pelo teste de normalidade e teste Tukey; e na ausência de normalidade pelo teste Kruskall- Wallis. Entre raças, foram observadas diferenças (P < 0,05) nas temperaturas do globo ocular, cordão espermático e porção proximal do escroto. Os touros Nelore apresentaram menor temperatura corpórea e de regiões do escroto, em relação aos touros Girolando. As características seminais variaram entre raças (P < 0,05), a raça Nelore apresentou sêmen de melhor qualidade. Correlações positivas (P < 0,05) foram observadas entre defeitos espermáticos menores e temperaturas da região ventral dos testículos e das caudas dos epidídimos. em touros Girolando. Os touros da raça...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Thermography/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Scrotum , ReproductionABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of season and pregnancy stage on the temperature of various body areas of Holstein cows using digital infrared thermography, an effective and non-invasive technique. The temperature was recorded at several areas of the body surface to determine the most reliable body area for measurement of rectal temperature in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Holstein cows (n = 24) were divided into groups according to their physiological stage. The experimental period was 365 days, containing a dry (April-September) and rainy (October-March) season, with parameters measured every 28 days. Thermographic data for different body areas, rectal thermometry, ultrasonography, and climatic data were collected between 7:00 and 9:00. Thermogram-recorded temperatures significantly differed (P < 0.05) between seasons and reproductive phases. Moreover, significant differences were noted between the temperatures of the flank, lateral udder, and perineal areas across seasons (P < 0.05). The udder, perineal, and rectal temperatures differed according to the reproductive phase (P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between reproductive phases and rectal, ocular globe, snout, flank, and perineum temperature. The body areas examined by thermographic imaging presented different temperatures, exhibiting physiological variation. Season and physiological stage influenced the temperature of body areas of milk cows.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Cattle/physiology , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Thermography , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of season and pregnancy stage on the temperature of various body areas of Holstein cows using digital infrared thermography, an effective and non-invasive technique. The temperature was recorded at several areas of the body surface to determine the most reliable body area for measurement of rectal temperature in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Holstein cows (n = 24) were divided into groups according to their physiological stage. The experimental period was 365 days, containing a dry (April-September) and rainy (October-March) season, with parameters measured every 28 days. Thermographic data for different body areas, rectal thermometry, ultrasonography, and climatic data were collected between 7:00 and 9:00. Thermogram-recorded temperatures significantly differed (P < 0.05) between seasons and reproductive phases. Moreover, significant differences were noted between the temperatures of the flank, lateral udder, and perineal areas across seasons (P < 0.05). The udder, perineal, and rectal temperatures differed according to the reproductive phase (P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between reproductive phases and rectal, ocular globe, snout, flank, and perineum temperature. The body areas examined by thermographic imaging presented different temperatures, exhibiting physiological variation. Season and physiological stage influenced the temperature of body areas of milk cows.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Cattle/physiology , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Thermography , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo colaborar com informações quanto à relação entre a temperatura do escroto em touros e a qualidade do sêmen fresco e congelado. A eficiência reprodutiva é um dos principais fatores determinantes para melhoramento dos padrões reprodutivos da pecuária de corte. Sendo assim, pesquisas e investigações relacionadas a novas metodologias de análise da capacidade reprodutivas de touros, têm sido alvo de investimento e procura pelo setor tecnológico agropecuário, sobretudo quando se consideram os altos investimentos e as qualidades superiores que são desenvolvidas pelo mercado.
This literature review aims to provide data regarding the relation between the temperature of the scrotum in bulls and the quality of fresh and frozen semen. The reproductive efficiency is one of the main determining factors for the improvement of the beef cattle reproductive patterns. Therefore, research and investigations related to new methodologies for analyzing the reproductive capacity of bulls has been the subject of investment and demand by the technological agricultural sector, especially when considering the high investments and the superior qualities that are developed by the market.
Esta revisión de literatura tiene como objetivo colaborar con informaciones sobre la relación entre la temperatura del escroto en los toros y la calidad del semen fresco y congelado. La eficiencia reproductiva es uno de los principales factores determinantes para mejorar los patrones reproductivos de la ganadería de corte. Por lo tanto, investigaciones relacionadas con nuevas metodologías de análisis de la capacidad reproductiva de toros, han sido objeto de inversión y demanda por el sector tecnológico agropecuario, sobre todo cuando se consideran las altas inversiones y las cualidades superiores que son desarrolladas por el mercado.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Scrotum , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Semen , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
O plasma seminal contém fatores protéicos específicos que provocam importantes efeitos tanto na capacidade de fertilização do espermatozoide quanto na fisiologia reprodutiva da fêmea. O isolamento e caracterização dos componentes do plasma seminal possibilitam a avaliação de sua influência sobre as células espermáticas, o aprimoramento das técnicas de armazenamento e a identificação precoce de animais férteis em relação àqueles subférteis. Por meio das técnicas de biologia molecular, muitas proteínas foram identificadas e caracterizadas e o estudo dessas proteínas poderá contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos processos fisiológicos ligados à fertilidade. Estes auxiliam o diagnóstico de algumas patologias ou diferenciação de animais quanto ao grau de sua fertilidade frente a alterações de clima e manejo, associadas a patologias do trato reprodutivo masculino ou do espermatozoide. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é de abordar alguns aspectos do uso da eletroforese do plasma seminal em bovinos para fins de auxílio na seleção de animais para a reprodução.
Seminal plasma contains specific protein factors that have important effects on both sperm fertilization capacity and female reproductive physiology. The isolation and characterization of the components of the seminal plasma allows the evaluation of their influence on sperm cells, the improvement of storage techniques and the early identification of fertile animals in relation to the subfertile. Through molecular biology techniques, many proteins have been identified and characterized, and the study of these proteins may contribute to a better understanding of physiological processes related to fertility. These help the diagnosis of some pathologies or differentiation of animals as to the degree of their fertility in the face of changes in climate and management, associated with pathologies of the male reproductive tract or spermatozoa. The objective of the present literature review is to address some aspects of the use of seminal plasma electrophoresis in cattle for the purpose of aiding the selection of animals for reproduction.
El plasma seminal contiene factores proteicos específicos que provocan importantes efectos tanto en la capacidad de fertilización del espermatozoide y en la fisiología reproductiva de la hembra. El aislamiento y caracterización de los componentes del plasma seminal posibilitan la evaluación de su influencia sobre las células espermáticas, el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas de almacenamiento y la identificación precoz de animales fértiles en relación a aquellos subfértiles. A través de las técnicas de biología molecular, muchas proteínas han sido identificadas y caracterizadas y el estudio de estas proteínas puede contribuir a una mejor comprensión de los procesos fisiológicos relacionados con la fertilidad. Estos auxilian el diagnóstico de algunas patologías o diferenciación de animales en cuanto al grado de su fertilidad frente a alteraciones de clima y manejo, asociadas a patologías del tracto reproductivo masculino o del espermatozoide. El objetivo de la presente revisión de literatura es abordar algunos aspectos del uso de la electroforesis del plasma seminal en bovinos para fines de auxilio en la selección de animales para la reproducción.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary , Seminal Plasma Proteins/analysis , SemenABSTRACT
A medicina veterinária encontra-se num período de inovação quando se diz respeito ao uso de tecnologias que auxiliam e forneçam informações seguras e eficientes como uma alternativa de suporte aos mais diferentes objetivos aplicados na produção animal, prezando pela saúde, bem-estar e conforto dos animais. Na modalidade digital, a termografia por infravermelho é um moderno exame de imagem com acurácia, de prática realização, sem efeitos colaterais, não invasivo, com digitalização da imagem em tempo real e validado internacionalmente, sendo um método eficaz aos meios de diagnósticos e usada para a avaliação de temperaturas em estudos de termorregulação testicular em touros. Na reprodução de bovinos de corte, com estação de monta na primavera e verão, a qualidade do sêmen deve ser mantida para que a taxa de prenhez seja otimizada, para isso é preciso investigar os efeitos das estações seca e chuvosa sobre as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, uma vez que mudanças climáticas abruptas podem comprometer a espermatogênese e reduzir a eficiência reprodutiva de touros. O objetivo dessa revisão é ressaltar a importância da utilização da termografia por infravermelho como um método auxiliar em estudos sobre termorregulação escrotal e a influência das estações do ano nas características do sêmen. A literatura consultada demonstrou que os fatores climáticos atuam de forma intensa na fertilidade de touros criados no clima tropical; e que o monitoramento do estresse de causa térmica pode ser realizado com termografia infravermelha, e o termograma do escroto auxilia na seleção de reprodutores com termorregulação satisfatória, a qual resulta na boa qualidade do sêmen produzido.
Veterinary medicine is in a period of innovation when it concerns the use of technologies that assist and provide information secure and efficient as an alternative of support for the different objectives applied in animal production, taking care of the health, well-being and comfort of animals. In the case of digital, thermography infrared measurement is a modern imaging examination with accuracy of practice implementation, without side effects, non-invasive, with scanning of the image in real time and validated internationally, being an effective method to means of diagnosis and used for the evaluation of temperatures in studies of testicular thermoregulation in bulls. In the reproduction of beef cattle, with breeding season in spring and summer, the quality of the semen must be maintained so that the pregnancy rate is optimized, for this it is necessary to investigate the effects of dry and rainy seasons on the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen, since climate change abrupt may impair spermatogenesis and reduce the reproductive efficiency of bulls. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of using thermography infrared measurement as an auxiliary method in studies on thermoregulation scrotum and the influence of the seasons in semen characteristics. The literature consulted showed that the climatic factors act intensely in the fertility of bulls raised in the tropical climate; And that thermal stress can be monitored with infrared thermography, and the scrotal thermogram assists in the selection of breeder with satisfactory thermoregulation, which results in the good quality of the semen produced.
Medicina veterinaria está en un período de innovación cuando se refiere a la utilización de tecnologías que ayudar y proporcionar la información de forma segura y eficaz como una alternativa de apoyo para los diferentes objetivos, aplicado en la producción animal, teniendo el cuidado de la salud, el bienestar y la comodidad de los animales. En el caso de medición digital, la termografía de infrarrojos es un moderno examen por imágenes con precisión de aplicación práctica, sin efectos secundarios, no invasivo, con el análisis de la imagen en tiempo real y validados internacionalmente, siendo un método eficaz de medios de diagnóstico y utilizado para la evaluación de las temperaturas en los estudios de la termorregulación testicular en toros. En la reproducción de ganado vacuno, con la temporada de cría en primavera y verano, la calidad del esperma debe mantenerse para que la tasa de embarazo es optimizado, para ello es necesario para investigar los efectos de la seca y la lluviosa en el plano físico y las características morfológicas del semen, ya que el cambio climático abrupto puede afectar la espermatogénesis y reducir la eficiencia reproductiva de los toros. El objetivo de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia del uso de la termografía infrarroja como medida de un método auxiliar en estudios sobre la termorregulación el escroto y la influencia de las estaciones en las características del semen. La literatura consultada demostró que los factores climáticos actúan de forma intensa en la fertilidad de los toros creados en el clima tropical; y que el monitoreo del estrés de causa térmica puede ser realizado con termografía infrarroja, y el termograma del escroto auxilia en la selección de reproductores con termorregulación satisfactoria, la cual resulta en la buena calidad del semen producido.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Semen Analysis , Scrotum , Spermatogenesis , Seasons , Thermography/veterinary , ClimateABSTRACT
A termografia digital de infravermelho é um exame de imagem com alta acurácia e não invasivo que detecta a radiação infravermelha emitida pela superfície de um objeto ou ser vivo, formando a imagem termográfica ou termograma. Imagens infravermelhas são utilizadas como exame complementar no diagnóstico precoce da mastite subclínica e clínica, avaliação clínica das fases da gestação e para detectar aumento da temperatura corporal relacionada à progesterona; que possui ação termogênica, elevando a temperatura corporal em vacas prenhes. Dados termográficos foram confrontados, comprovando a eficácia e fidedignidade da utilização de câmeras infravermelhas. A presente revisão aborda alguns aspectos do uso da termografia infravermelha para mensurar temperaturas da superfície do corpo em vacas de leite. Diferentes áreas do corpo examinadas por imagens termográficas apresentaram alterações de temperaturas, mostrando variações fisiológicas que podem auxiliar na avaliação clínica das áreas examinadas.
Digital infrared thermography is a highly accurate and non-invasive imaging scan that detects infrared radiation emitted by the surface of an object or living being, forming the thermographic image or thermogram. Infrared images are used as complementary examination in the early diagnosis of subclinical and clinical mastitis, clinical evaluation of the phases of gestation and to detect progesterone-related body temperature increase; which has thermogenic action, raising body temperature in pregnant cows. Thermal data were confronted, proving the efficacy and reliability of theuse of infrared cameras. The present review addresses some aspects of the use of infrared thermography to measure body surface temperatures in milk cows. Different areas of the body examined by thermographic images showed changes in temperature, showing physiological variations that may aid in the clinical evaluation of the areas examined.
La termografía digital de infrarrojos es un examen de imagen con alta exactitud y no invasivo que detecta la radiación infrarroja emitida por la superficie de un objeto o ser vivo, formando la imagen termográfica o termograma. Las imágenes infrarrojas se utilizan como examen complementario en el diagnóstico precoz de la mastitis subclínica y clínica, evaluación clínica de las fases de la gestación y para detectar aumento de la temperatura corporal relacionada con la progesterona; que tiene acción termogénica, elevando la temperatura corporal en vacas preñadas. Los datos termográficos se enfrenta, comprobando la eficacia y la confianza de la utilización de cámaras infrarrojas. La presente revisión aborda algunos aspectos del uso de la termografía infrarroja para medir temperaturas de la superficie del cuerpo en vacas de leche. Diferentes áreas del cuerpo examinadas por imágenes termográficas presentaron cambios de temperatura, mostrando variaciones fisiológicas que pueden auxiliar en la evaluación clínica de las áreas examinadas.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Seasons , Infrared Rays , Body Temperature , Thermography/veterinary , ProgesteroneABSTRACT
A termografia digital de infravermelho é um exame de imagem com alta acurácia e não invasivo que detecta a radiação infravermelha emitida pela superfície de um objeto ou ser vivo, formando a imagem termográfica ou termograma. Imagens infravermelhas são utilizadas como exame complementar no diagnóstico precoce da mastite subclínica e clínica, avaliação clínica das fases da gestação e para detectar aumento da temperatura corporal relacionada à progesterona; que possui ação termogênica, elevando a temperatura corporal em vacas prenhes. Dados termográficos foram confrontados, comprovando a eficácia e fidedignidade da utilização de câmeras infravermelhas. A presente revisão aborda alguns aspectos do uso da termografia infravermelha para mensurar temperaturas da superfície do corpo em vacas de leite. Diferentes áreas do corpo examinadas por imagens termográficas apresentaram alterações de temperaturas, mostrando variações fisiológicas que podem auxiliar na avaliação clínica das áreas examinadas.(AU)
Digital infrared thermography is a highly accurate and non-invasive imaging scan that detects infrared radiation emitted by the surface of an object or living being, forming the thermographic image or thermogram. Infrared images are used as complementary examination in the early diagnosis of subclinical and clinical mastitis, clinical evaluation of the phases of gestation and to detect progesterone-related body temperature increase; which has thermogenic action, raising body temperature in pregnant cows. Thermal data were confronted, proving the efficacy and reliability of theuse of infrared cameras. The present review addresses some aspects of the use of infrared thermography to measure body surface temperatures in milk cows. Different areas of the body examined by thermographic images showed changes in temperature, showing physiological variations that may aid in the clinical evaluation of the areas examined.(AU)
La termografía digital de infrarrojos es un examen de imagen con alta exactitud y no invasivo que detecta la radiación infrarroja emitida por la superficie de un objeto o ser vivo, formando la imagen termográfica o termograma. Las imágenes infrarrojas se utilizan como examen complementario en el diagnóstico precoz de la mastitis subclínica y clínica, evaluación clínica de las fases de la gestación y para detectar aumento de la temperatura corporal relacionada con la progesterona; que tiene acción termogénica, elevando la temperatura corporal en vacas preñadas. Los datos termográficos se enfrenta, comprobando la eficacia y la confianza de la utilización de cámaras infrarrojas. La presente revisión aborda algunos aspectos del uso de la termografía infrarroja para medir temperaturas de la superficie del cuerpo en vacas de leche. Diferentes áreas del cuerpo examinadas por imágenes termográficas presentaron cambios de temperatura, mostrando variaciones fisiológicas que pueden auxiliar en la evaluación clínica de las áreas examinadas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Thermography/veterinary , Infrared Rays , Body Temperature , Seasons , ProgesteroneABSTRACT
O plasma seminal contém fatores protéicos específicos que provocam importantes efeitos tanto na capacidade de fertilização do espermatozoide quanto na fisiologia reprodutiva da fêmea. O isolamento e caracterização dos componentes do plasma seminal possibilitam a avaliação de sua influência sobre as células espermáticas, o aprimoramento das técnicas de armazenamento e a identificação precoce de animais férteis em relação àqueles subférteis. Por meio das técnicas de biologia molecular, muitas proteínas foram identificadas e caracterizadas e o estudo dessas proteínas poderá contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos processos fisiológicos ligados à fertilidade. Estes auxiliam o diagnóstico de algumas patologias ou diferenciação de animais quanto ao grau de sua fertilidade frente a alterações de clima e manejo, associadas a patologias do trato reprodutivo masculino ou do espermatozoide. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é de abordar alguns aspectos do uso da eletroforese do plasma seminal em bovinos para fins de auxílio na seleção de animais para a reprodução.(AU)
Seminal plasma contains specific protein factors that have important effects on both sperm fertilization capacity and female reproductive physiology. The isolation and characterization of the components of the seminal plasma allows the evaluation of their influence on sperm cells, the improvement of storage techniques and the early identification of fertile animals in relation to the subfertile. Through molecular biology techniques, many proteins have been identified and characterized, and the study of these proteins may contribute to a better understanding of physiological processes related to fertility. These help the diagnosis of some pathologies or differentiation of animals as to the degree of their fertility in the face of changes in climate and management, associated with pathologies of the male reproductive tract or spermatozoa. The objective of the present literature review is to address some aspects of the use of seminal plasma electrophoresis in cattle for the purpose of aiding the selection of animals for reproduction.(AU)
El plasma seminal contiene factores proteicos específicos que provocan importantes efectos tanto en la capacidad de fertilización del espermatozoide y en la fisiología reproductiva de la hembra. El aislamiento y caracterización de los componentes del plasma seminal posibilitan la evaluación de su influencia sobre las células espermáticas, el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas de almacenamiento y la identificación precoz de animales fértiles en relación a aquellos subfértiles. A través de las técnicas de biología molecular, muchas proteínas han sido identificadas y caracterizadas y el estudio de estas proteínas puede contribuir a una mejor comprensión de los procesos fisiológicos relacionados con la fertilidad. Estos auxilian el diagnóstico de algunas patologías o diferenciación de animales en cuanto al grado de su fertilidad frente a alteraciones de clima y manejo, asociadas a patologías del tracto reproductivo masculino o del espermatozoide. El objetivo de la presente revisión de literatura es abordar algunos aspectos del uso de la electroforesis del plasma seminal en bovinos para fines de auxilio en la selección de animales para la reproducción.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Semen , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Seminal Plasma Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
A medicina veterinária encontra-se num período de inovação quando se diz respeito ao uso de tecnologias que auxiliam e forneçam informações seguras e eficientes como uma alternativa de suporte aos mais diferentes objetivos aplicados na produção animal, prezando pela saúde, bem-estar e conforto dos animais. Na modalidade digital, a termografia por infravermelho é um moderno exame de imagem com acurácia, de prática realização, sem efeitos colaterais, não invasivo, com digitalização da imagem em tempo real e validado internacionalmente, sendo um método eficaz aos meios de diagnósticos e usada para a avaliação de temperaturas em estudos de termorregulação testicular em touros. Na reprodução de bovinos de corte, com estação de monta na primavera e verão, a qualidade do sêmen deve ser mantida para que a taxa de prenhez seja otimizada, para isso é preciso investigar os efeitos das estações seca e chuvosa sobre as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, uma vez que mudanças climáticas abruptas podem comprometer a espermatogênese e reduzir a eficiência reprodutiva de touros. O objetivo dessa revisão é ressaltar a importância da utilização da termografia por infravermelho como um método auxiliar em estudos sobre termorregulação escrotal e a influência das estações do ano nas características do sêmen. A literatura consultada demonstrou que os fatores climáticos atuam de forma intensa na fertilidade de touros criados no clima tropical; e que o monitoramento do estresse de causa térmica pode ser realizado com termografia infravermelha, e o termograma do escroto auxilia na seleção de reprodutores com termorregulação satisfatória, a qual resulta na boa qualidade do sêmen produzido.(AU)
Veterinary medicine is in a period of innovation when it concerns the use of technologies that assist and provide information secure and efficient as an alternative of support for the different objectives applied in animal production, taking care of the health, well-being and comfort of animals. In the case of digital, thermography infrared measurement is a modern imaging examination with accuracy of practice implementation, without side effects, non-invasive, with scanning of the image in real time and validated internationally, being an effective method to means of diagnosis and used for the evaluation of temperatures in studies of testicular thermoregulation in bulls. In the reproduction of beef cattle, with breeding season in spring and summer, the quality of the semen must be maintained so that the pregnancy rate is optimized, for this it is necessary to investigate the effects of dry and rainy seasons on the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen, since climate change abrupt may impair spermatogenesis and reduce the reproductive efficiency of bulls. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of using thermography infrared measurement as an auxiliary method in studies on thermoregulation scrotum and the influence of the seasons in semen characteristics. The literature consulted showed that the climatic factors act intensely in the fertility of bulls raised in the tropical climate; And that thermal stress can be monitored with infrared thermography, and the scrotal thermogram assists in the selection of breeder with satisfactory thermoregulation, which results in the good quality of the semen produced.(AU)
Medicina veterinaria está en un período de innovación cuando se refiere a la utilización de tecnologías que ayudar y proporcionar la información de forma segura y eficaz como una alternativa de apoyo para los diferentes objetivos, aplicado en la producción animal, teniendo el cuidado de la salud, el bienestar y la comodidad de los animales. En el caso de medición digital, la termografía de infrarrojos es un moderno examen por imágenes con precisión de aplicación práctica, sin efectos secundarios, no invasivo, con el análisis de la imagen en tiempo real y validados internacionalmente, siendo un método eficaz de medios de diagnóstico y utilizado para la evaluación de las temperaturas en los estudios de la termorregulación testicular en toros. En la reproducción de ganado vacuno, con la temporada de cría en primavera y verano, la calidad del esperma debe mantenerse para que la tasa de embarazo es optimizado, para ello es necesario para investigar los efectos de la seca y la lluviosa en el plano físico y las características morfológicas del semen, ya que el cambio climático abrupto puede afectar la espermatogénesis y reducir la eficiencia reproductiva de los toros. El objetivo de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia del uso de la termografía infrarroja como medida de un método auxiliar en estudios sobre la termorregulación el escroto y la influencia de las estaciones en las características del semen. La literatura consultada demostró que los factores climáticos actúan de forma intensa en la fertilidad de los toros creados en el clima tropical; y que el monitoreo del estrés de causa térmica puede ser realizado con termografía infrarroja, y el termograma del escroto auxilia en la selección de reproductores con termorregulación satisfactoria, la cual resulta en la buena calidad del semen producido.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Thermography/veterinary , Scrotum , Seasons , Spermatogenesis , Semen Analysis , ClimateABSTRACT
Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo colaborar com informações quanto à relação entre a temperatura do escroto em touros e a qualidade do sêmen fresco e congelado. A eficiência reprodutiva é um dos principais fatores determinantes para melhoramento dos padrões reprodutivos da pecuária de corte. Sendo assim, pesquisas e investigações relacionadas a novas metodologias de análise da capacidade reprodutivas de touros, têm sido alvo de investimento e procura pelo setor tecnológico agropecuário, sobretudo quando se consideram os altos investimentos e as qualidades superiores que são desenvolvidas pelo mercado.(AU)
This literature review aims to provide data regarding the relation between the temperature of the scrotum in bulls and the quality of fresh and frozen semen. The reproductive efficiency is one of the main determining factors for the improvement of the beef cattle reproductive patterns. Therefore, research and investigations related to new methodologies for analyzing the reproductive capacity of bulls has been the subject of investment and demand by the technological agricultural sector, especially when considering the high investments and the superior qualities that are developed by the market.(AU)
Esta revisión de literatura tiene como objetivo colaborar con informaciones sobre la relación entre la temperatura del escroto en los toros y la calidad del semen fresco y congelado. La eficiencia reproductiva es uno de los principales factores determinantes para mejorar los patrones reproductivos de la ganadería de corte. Por lo tanto, investigaciones relacionadas con nuevas metodologías de análisis de la capacidad reproductiva de toros, han sido objeto de inversión y demanda por el sector tecnológico agropecuario, sobre todo cuando se consideran las altas inversiones y las cualidades superiores que son desarrolladas por el mercado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Thermography/veterinary , Scrotum , SemenABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar a termorregulação testicular com a termografia por infravermelho e as características do sêmen em touros adultos jovens e adultos maduros da raça Nelore, criados extensivamente. Foram utilizados 80 touros Nelore, divididos em dois grupos: adultos jovens G1 (n=38), idade entre 24 e 48 meses; e adultos maduros G2 (n=42), idade entre 72 e 108 meses. As temperaturas da superfície do escroto foram mensuradas com termografia por infravermelho e após, realizou-se a colheita de sêmen por eletroejaculação. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos G1 e G2, para as temperaturas da bolsa escrotal, mas houve diferença (P<0,05) entre as temperaturas do cordão espermático, testículo e cauda do epidídimo nos dois grupos. Os touros apresentaram-se aptos para a monta natural após a avaliação andrológica. Conclui-se que a termorregulação escrotal é similar em touros adultos jovens e touros adultos maduros, esta não sendo influenciada pela idade. Recomenda-se a termografia digital por infravermelho como exame complementar ao exame andrológico para avaliar a termorregulação escrotal na seleção de touros adultos jovens e touros adultos maduros, antes do início da estação de monta.
The objective was to study the testicular thermoregulation with infrared thermography and semen characteristics in young adults and mature adults bulls Nelore, created extensively. They used 80 Nelore bulls, divided into two groups: young adults G1 (n = 38) aged between 24 and 48 months; and mature adults G2 (n = 42) aged between 72 and 108 months. The temperatures of the scrotal surface were measured with infrared thermography, and after, we conducted a bull semen collection by using the electroejaculation. There was no difference (P>0.05) between G1 and G2 for the temperatures of the scrotum, but there were differences (P<0.05) between the temperatures in the anatomical points measured within each group. The bulls presented as suitable after breeding soundness evaluation. It concludes that the scrotal thermoregulation is similar in young adults and mature adults bulls, not being influenced by age. It is recommended to digital infrared thermography as a complementary exam during the breeding soundness exam to evaluate the scrotal thermoregulation in the selection of young adult bulls and bulls mature adults before the start of the breeding season.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Semen , Thermography/methods , TestisABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar a termorregulação testicular com a termografia por infravermelho e as características do sêmen em touros adultos jovens e adultos maduros da raça Nelore, criados extensivamente. Foram utilizados 80 touros Nelore, divididos em dois grupos: adultos jovens G1 (n=38), idade entre 24 e 48 meses; e adultos maduros G2 (n=42), idade entre 72 e 108 meses. As temperaturas da superfície do escroto foram mensuradas com termografia por infravermelho e após, realizou-se a colheita de sêmen por eletroejaculação. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos G1 e G2, para as temperaturas da bolsa escrotal, mas houve diferença (P<0,05) entre as temperaturas do cordão espermático, testículo e cauda do epidídimo nos dois grupos. Os touros apresentaram-se aptos para a monta natural após a avaliação andrológica. Conclui-se que a termorregulação escrotal é similar em touros adultos jovens e touros adultos maduros, esta não sendo influenciada pela idade. Recomenda-se a termografia digital por infravermelho como exame complementar ao exame andrológico para avaliar a termorregulação escrotal na seleção de touros adultos jovens e touros adultos maduros, antes do início da estação de monta.(AU)
The objective was to study the testicular thermoregulation with infrared thermography and semen characteristics in young adults and mature adults bulls Nelore, created extensively. They used 80 Nelore bulls, divided into two groups: young adults G1 (n = 38) aged between 24 and 48 months; and mature adults G2 (n = 42) aged between 72 and 108 months. The temperatures of the scrotal surface were measured with infrared thermography, and after, we conducted a bull semen collection by using the electroejaculation. There was no difference (P>0.05) between G1 and G2 for the temperatures of the scrotum, but there were differences (P<0.05) between the temperatures in the anatomical points measured within each group. The bulls presented as suitable after breeding soundness evaluation. It concludes that the scrotal thermoregulation is similar in young adults and mature adults bulls, not being influenced by age. It is recommended to digital infrared thermography as a complementary exam during the breeding soundness exam to evaluate the scrotal thermoregulation in the selection of young adult bulls and bulls mature adults before the start of the breeding season.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Thermography/methods , Testis , SemenABSTRACT
Background: Researches have been conducted in order to maintain the quality of the fresh semen which is diluted, refrigerated or frozen in liquid nitrogen for artificial insemination purposes in dogs. The semen biotechnology cooperates with the development of new formulations of types of extenders which minimize the death of the sperms due to thermal stress during temperature reduction of the refrigeration and freezing curves of the semen. The objective was to study the influence of the addition of vitamin E in types of extenders in the quality of the fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in dogs of French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples by digital manipulation were performed on 5 adult dogs, French bulldog breed, five on each dog, totaling 25 ejaculated. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: Volume (mL), color, aspect, concentration (x106/mL), sperm motility (%), vigor (1-5) and sperm morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen, motility (%), vigor (1-5) and morphology (%) were analyzed. The ejaculated ones were fractionated in 4 equal parts and diluted in the ratio 1: 1 in the following extenders: 1 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid + 200 mM of vitamin E; 2 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid; 3 - coconut water (ACP-106®) + 200 mM of vitamin E; and 4 coconut water (ACP-106®). The four aliquots of semen, diluted in the four respective extenders were centrifuged at 1500 g/10 min and the pellets formed of sperm from every ejaculated, detached from the tubes wall were diluted homogeneously with the four extenders to the volume of 1.5 mL and filled into 0.5 mL French straws kept under refrigeration at 5oC/4 h after placed in a nitrogen vapor at -120ºC/15 min, and immersed in liquidnitrogen at -196ºC in the sequence stored in identified racks and stored in liquid nitrogen container until the time of thawing in a water bath at 37ºC/30 s for microscopic semen analysis. [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Semen Preservation/methods , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Sperm Motility , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , FructoseABSTRACT
Background: Researches have been conducted in order to maintain the quality of the fresh semen which is diluted, refrigerated or frozen in liquid nitrogen for artificial insemination purposes in dogs. The semen biotechnology cooperates with the development of new formulations of types of extenders which minimize the death of the sperms due to thermal stress during temperature reduction of the refrigeration and freezing curves of the semen. The objective was to study the influence of the addition of vitamin E in types of extenders in the quality of the fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in dogs of French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples by digital manipulation were performed on 5 adult dogs, French bulldog breed, five on each dog, totaling 25 ejaculated. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: Volume (mL), color, aspect, concentration (x106/mL), sperm motility (%), vigor (1-5) and sperm morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen, motility (%), vigor (1-5) and morphology (%) were analyzed. The ejaculated ones were fractionated in 4 equal parts and diluted in the ratio 1: 1 in the following extenders: 1 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid + 200 mM of vitamin E; 2 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid; 3 - coconut water (ACP-106®) + 200 mM of vitamin E; and 4 coconut water (ACP-106®). The four aliquots of semen, diluted in the four respective extenders were centrifuged at 1500 g/10 min and the pellets formed of sperm from every ejaculated, detached from the tubes wall were diluted homogeneously with the four extenders to the volume of 1.5 mL and filled into 0.5 mL French straws kept under refrigeration at 5oC/4 h after placed in a nitrogen vapor at -120ºC/15 min, and immersed in liquidnitrogen at -196ºC in the sequence stored in identified racks and stored in liquid nitrogen container until the time of thawing in a water bath at 37ºC/30 s for microscopic semen analysis. [...]
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Sperm Motility , Semen Preservation/methods , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Semen Analysis/veterinary , FructoseABSTRACT
Background: New methodologies have been developed seeking to maximize pregnancy rate in female dogs created in commercial kennels, and also in order to maintain the quality of canine semen after dilution, refrigeration or freezing. One of the main factors that generate damage to sperm is oxidative stress, to minimize sperm damage, selenium and antioxidants like vitamin E are administered, by oral administration, seeking to improve the quality of semen. The objective was to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium, by oral administration, in the quality of fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in adult dogs French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples were collected from 5 adult dogs, French Bulldog breed, being 2 semen drawing before the daily oral supplementation with vitamin E and selenium (ESE®) and semen drawing at 20, 40 and 60 days after the beginning of oral supplement. The ejaculated samples were diluted in TRIS - fructose citric acid (3.28 g TRIS-hydroxy-methyl-amino-methane, 1.78 g of citric acid monohydrate and 1.25 g of D - fructose, dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and added of 20% egg yolk and 6% of glycerol. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: volume (mL), color, appearance, concentration (x106 / mL), sperm motility (%), sperm strength (1 to 5) and morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen were analyzed: [...]
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Dogs , Administration, Oral , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Selenium/administration & dosage , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Antioxidants , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Dietary SupplementsABSTRACT
Background: New methodologies have been developed seeking to maximize pregnancy rate in female dogs created in commercial kennels, and also in order to maintain the quality of canine semen after dilution, refrigeration or freezing. One of the main factors that generate damage to sperm is oxidative stress, to minimize sperm damage, selenium and antioxidants like vitamin E are administered, by oral administration, seeking to improve the quality of semen. The objective was to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium, by oral administration, in the quality of fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in adult dogs French Bulldog breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples were collected from 5 adult dogs, French Bulldog breed, being 2 semen drawing before the daily oral supplementation with vitamin E and selenium (ESE®) and semen drawing at 20, 40 and 60 days after the beginning of oral supplement. The ejaculated samples were diluted in TRIS - fructose citric acid (3.28 g TRIS-hydroxy-methyl-amino-methane, 1.78 g of citric acid monohydrate and 1.25 g of D - fructose, dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and added of 20% egg yolk and 6% of glycerol. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: volume (mL), color, appearance, concentration (x106 / mL), sperm motility (%), sperm strength (1 to 5) and morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen were analyzed: [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Selenium/administration & dosage , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Administration, Oral , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
Background: The digital infrared imaging thermography is a non-invasive imaging exam of easy performance accurately to measure temperatures of the areas of the animals body. The objective was to study the physiological variations of the surface temperature of the mammary gland, vulva, pelvis, thorax and abdomen with digital infrared imaging thermography in negative dairy cattle with California mastitis test (CMT) in different seasons, and the influence of climatic factors in these temperatures. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Holstein cows, pregnant and non pregnant were used, negative for the California Mastitis Test, grazing on Urochloa decumbens pasture, receiving 2 kg of corn / animal / day, mineral mix and ad libitum water. Infrared thermography was performed every 30 days, for five months: January, February, March, April and May with thermographic camera (E40®, FLIR, Sweden) in the areas of the body: vulva, mammary gland, pelvis, abdomen and thorax. The thermal images (thermograms) were processed using the Flir Tools 2.1® program. The climatic factors: room temperature and relative humidity were monitored with globe thermometer (ITitwtg 2000®, Instrutemp, Brazil). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the average compared by Tukey test, with level of significance was set at (P 0.05). For room temperature data, relative humidity, rectal temperature [...]
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Physiological Phenomena , Climate Change , Body Temperature , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Abdomen , Mammary Glands, Animal , Pelvis , ThoraxABSTRACT
Background: The digital infrared imaging thermography is a non-invasive imaging exam of easy performance accurately to measure temperatures of the areas of the animals body. The objective was to study the physiological variations of the surface temperature of the mammary gland, vulva, pelvis, thorax and abdomen with digital infrared imaging thermography in negative dairy cattle with California mastitis test (CMT) in different seasons, and the influence of climatic factors in these temperatures. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Holstein cows, pregnant and non pregnant were used, negative for the California Mastitis Test, grazing on Urochloa decumbens pasture, receiving 2 kg of corn / animal / day, mineral mix and ad libitum water. Infrared thermography was performed every 30 days, for five months: January, February, March, April and May with thermographic camera (E40®, FLIR, Sweden) in the areas of the body: vulva, mammary gland, pelvis, abdomen and thorax. The thermal images (thermograms) were processed using the Flir Tools 2.1® program. The climatic factors: room temperature and relative humidity were monitored with globe thermometer (ITitwtg 2000®, Instrutemp, Brazil). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the average compared by Tukey test, with level of significance was set at (P 0.05). For room temperature data, relative humidity, rectal temperature [...](AU)