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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(3): 191-197, 03/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741253

ABSTRACT

Although the metabolism of early bovine embryos has not been fully elucidated, several publications have addressed this important issue to improve culture conditions for cattle reproductive biotechnologies, with the ultimate goal of producing in vitro embryos similar in quality to those developing in vivo. Here, we review general aspects of bovine embryo metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the use of metabolic analysis of embryos produced in vitro to assess viability and predict a viable pregnancy after transference to the female tract.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Efficiency, Organizational/statistics & numerical data , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
2.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 48(3): 191-7, 2015 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25627805

ABSTRACT

Although the metabolism of early bovine embryos has not been fully elucidated, several publications have addressed this important issue to improve culture conditions for cattle reproductive biotechnologies, with the ultimate goal of producing in vitro embryos similar in quality to those developing in vivo. Here, we review general aspects of bovine embryo metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the use of metabolic analysis of embryos produced in vitro to assess viability and predict a viable pregnancy after transference to the female tract.


Subject(s)
Blastocyst/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Fertilization in Vitro , Oocytes/metabolism , Animals , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Cattle , Embryo Culture Techniques , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Oxygen Consumption , Pregnancy , Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
3.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 44(7): 965-75, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24641664

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests that helminth infection and rural living are inversely associated with allergic disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of helminth infections and urban versus rural residence on allergy in schoolchildren from Ghana. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 1385 children from urban-high socio-economic status (SES), urban-low SES and rural schools, associations between body mass index (BMI), allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), parasitic infections and allergy outcomes were analysed. Allergy outcomes were skin prick test (SPT) reactivity, reported current wheeze and asthma. RESULTS: Helminth infections were found predominantly among rural subjects, and the most common were hookworm (9.9%) and Schistosoma spp (9.5%). Being overweight was highest among urban-high SES (14.6%) compared to urban-low SES (5.5%) and rural children (8.6%). The prevalence of SPT reactivity to any allergen was 18.3%, and this was highest among rural children (21.4%) followed by urban-high SES (20.2%) and urban-low SES (10.5%) children. Overall, SPT reactivity to mite (12%) was most common. Wheeze and asthma were reported by 7.9% and 8.3%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with mite SPT were BMI (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.28-4.60, P = 0.007), schistosome infection (aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.41) and mite sIgE (aOR 7.40, 95% CI 5.62-9.73, P < 0.001) but not area. However, the association between mite IgE and SPT differed by area and was strongest among urban-high SES children (aOR = 15.58, 95% CI 7.05-34.43, P < 0.001). Compared to rural, urban-low SES area was negatively associated with current wheeze (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.83, P = 0.013). Both mite sIgE and mite SPT were significantly associated with current wheeze and asthma. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infection with schistosomes appeared to protect against mite SPT reactivity. This needs to be confirmed in future studies, preferably in a longitudinal design where schistosome infections are treated and allergic reactions reassessed.


Subject(s)
Asthma/etiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology , Mites/immunology , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Schistosoma/immunology , Schistosomiasis/complications , Adolescent , Animals , Arachis/adverse effects , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cockroaches/immunology , Female , Geography, Medical , Ghana/epidemiology , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Male , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Skin Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population
4.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 46(8): 700-7, 2013 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23969977

ABSTRACT

Follicle cultures reproduce in vitro the functional features observed in vivo. In a search for an ideal model, we cultured bovine antral follicle wall sections (FWS) in a serum-free defined medium (DM) known to induce 17ß-estradiol (E2) production, and in a nondefined medium (NDM) containing serum. Follicles were sectioned and cultured in NDM or DM for 24 or 48 h. Morphological features were determined by light microscopy. Gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor were determined by RT-PCR; progesterone (P4) and E2 concentrations in the media were measured by radioimmunoassay. DM, but not NDM, maintained an FWS morphology in vitro that was similar to fresh tissue. DM also induced an increase in the expression of all steroidogenic enzymes, except FSH receptor, but NDM did not. In both DM and NDM, there was a gradual increase in P4 throughout the culture period; however, P4 concentration was significantly higher in NDM. In both media, E2 concentration was increased at 24 h, followed by a decrease at 48 h. The E2:P4 ratio was higher in DM than in NDM. These results suggest that DM maintains morphological structure, upregulates the expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes, and maintains steroid production with a high E2:P4 ratio in FWS cultures.


Subject(s)
Culture Media/pharmacology , Estradiol/pharmacology , Ovarian Follicle/drug effects , Progesterone/pharmacology , Tissue Culture Techniques , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Aromatase/genetics , Cattle , Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics , Culture Media, Serum-Free , Female , Gene Expression , Ovarian Follicle/anatomy & histology , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Progesterone Reductase/genetics , Receptors, FSH/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(8): 700-707, ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-684532

ABSTRACT

Follicle cultures reproduce in vitro the functional features observed in vivo. In a search for an ideal model, we cultured bovine antral follicle wall sections (FWS) in a serum-free defined medium (DM) known to induce 17β-estradiol (E2) production, and in a nondefined medium (NDM) containing serum. Follicles were sectioned and cultured in NDM or DM for 24 or 48 h. Morphological features were determined by light microscopy. Gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor were determined by RT-PCR; progesterone (P4) and E2 concentrations in the media were measured by radioimmunoassay. DM, but not NDM, maintained an FWS morphology in vitro that was similar to fresh tissue. DM also induced an increase in the expression of all steroidogenic enzymes, except FSH receptor, but NDM did not. In both DM and NDM, there was a gradual increase in P4 throughout the culture period; however, P4 concentration was significantly higher in NDM. In both media, E2 concentration was increased at 24 h, followed by a decrease at 48 h. The E2:P4 ratio was higher in DM than in NDM. These results suggest that DM maintains morphological structure, upregulates the expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes, and maintains steroid production with a high E2:P4 ratio in FWS cultures.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Culture Media/pharmacology , Estradiol/pharmacology , Ovarian Follicle/drug effects , Progesterone/pharmacology , Tissue Culture Techniques , Analysis of Variance , Aromatase/genetics , Culture Media, Serum-Free , Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics , Gene Expression , Ovarian Follicle/anatomy & histology , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Progesterone Reductase/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, FSH/genetics , /genetics
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