ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to study the survival of lung cancer patients treated at a referral hospital in Zaragoza (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Kaplan-Meier test was used to calculate observed survival. The automatic calculation of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was used to analyse relative survival. RESULTS: Mean survival time was 25.74 months. There was no difference when comparing age groups (P=.151), gender (P=.369), and histological type of tumour (P=.086). Survival by stage of the disease at diagnosis revealed statistically significant differences (P<.001). Relative survival 5 years after diagnosis for the group analysed was 14%. Survival was higher for men (15.5%), in patients under 60 (16.7%) and squamous tumours (18.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Survival by tumour stage was in line with the TNM Staging System for Lung Cancer. These results suggest that overall survival rate for lung cancer in Zaragoza remains very low in the long term, and this depends on the stage of the disease at diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma/pathology , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Survival Rate , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analyze mortality trends of HPV-related cancers in Spain by gender, during the period 1996-2010, and make predictions until the year 2025. METHODS: All deaths registered as cervical cancer were registered (ICD-10 code: C53), as well as vulvar and vaginal (C51 and C52), anal (C21), penile (C60), and oropharyngeal (C02, C09, C10). Adjusted rate calculations for each year were used to study the trends through the regression program Joinpoint. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: In men, a statistically significant increase was observed in mortality by anal cancer, a reduction was observed in oropharyngeal cancer mortality and penile cancer rates were stable. In women, a statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. In the predictions, the annual change relative to risk or population changes (size and structure) revealed a reduction in death risk by oropharyngeal cancer in men, and a reduction in death risk by anal cancer in women, although stable adjusted rates were verified for anal cancer in women. CONCLUSIONS: Although an increase was identified in the number of deaths for both genders, rates indicate gender differences in the trends, with increased rates for anal cancer and reduced rates for oropharyngeal cancer in men. Women presented reduced rates for cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. For penile cancer and anal cancer in women, stable trends were verified.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/virology , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cost of Illness , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality/trends , Registries , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Contexto: La electroestimulación (EE) es una de las técnicas empleadas en el tratamiento conservador de la incontinencia urinaria (IU) y/o síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva (SVH). Sin embargo, existe controversia en la literatura científica acerca de su eficacia como monoterapia. Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia científica sobre la EE del suelo pélvico en mujeres con IU y/o SVH. Adquisición de evidencia: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Elsevier (Doyma) y EnFisPo (1980-2011). Se evaluó la calidad de los estudios y se extrajo la información de los que reunieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Síntesis de evidencia: Un total de 27 ensayos clínicos han sido incluidos en la revisión: 13 ensayos controlados aleatorizados, 11 ensayos aleatorizados no controlados y 3 ensayos no aleatorizados. Conclusión: La mayor parte de los ensayos clínicos concluyen que la EE es eficaz en el tratamiento de la IU y el SVH en mujeres. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios de buena calidad metodológica para obtener un mayor nivel de evidencia científica y conocer cuál es la modalidad, tipo y parámetros de corriente óptimas para cada tipo de IU y el SVH (AU)
Context: Electrostimulation (ES) is one of the techniques employed in conservative treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) and/or overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Nevertheless, there is controversy in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness as monotherapy. Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence on ES of the pelvic floor in women with UI and with/without OAB. Evidence acquisition: A systematic review of clinical trials was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Elsevier (Doyma) and EnFisPo (1980-2011). Quality of study registries was evaluated and information was obtained from those that presented the inclusion criteria established in the review. Evidence synthesis: The 27 clinical trials were included in the review: 13 randomized controlled trials, 11 randomized non-controlled trials and 3 non-randomized trials. Conclusion: Most of the clinical trials conclude that ES is effective in the treatment of UI and OAB in women. However, better methodological quality studies are needed to obtain a higher level of scientific evidence and to know the optimal current modality, type and parameters for each type of UI and OAB (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Urinary Incontinence/diagnosis , Urinary Incontinence/radiotherapy , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/therapy , Electric Stimulation/instrumentation , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods , Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , Pelvic Floor/physiopathology , Pelvic Floor/radiation effects , Pelvic Floor , Evidence-Based Medicine/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer has a high incidence in Aragon (Spain). Current measures, such as stopping smoking, may lead to a change in lung cancer trends. The objective of the study is to track the trends during the period of 15 years from 2008 to 2022. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The mortality from all causes and that specific to lung cancer in Aragon between 1998 and 2007 was analysed using the statistical program MIAMOD/PIAMOD to estimate incidence rates, prevalence, and mortality until 2022. RESULTS: Projections between 2008 and 2022 in men: adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 will decline from 64.62 to 58.49. The mortality will decline from 57.41 to 51.95, and the prevalence of 94.13 cases per 100,000 inhabitants to 88.45. In women, the adjusted incidence rate will increase from 8.3 to 10.58, with a mortality of 7.21 to 9.18 and a prevalence from 14.78 to 18.75. CONCLUSIONS: These projections indicate that lung cancer incidence and mortality will remain a serious problem in the Aragon (Spain), and that a more intense primary prevention program is needed.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Incidence , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: Uno de los cánceres más frecuentes en el mundo es el de vejiga, que afecta según algunos autores a 5,4 millones de personas en los países más desarrollados. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es el de estimar las proyecciones del impacto de esta enfermedad en España, entre los años 2007 y 2022. Material y métodos: Se han utilizado los datos de mortalidad por cáncer de vejiga de la International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10 C67) y los datos de la población entre1998 a 2007. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) español. La supervivencia relativa ha sido recogida del estudio EUROCARE. Se han estimado las proyecciones de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad mediante la utilización del programa estadístico Mortality-Incidence Analysis MODel (MIAMOD), y posteriormente, la regresión joinpoint que calcula el porcentaje anual de cambio (PAC).Resultados: Entre los años 1998 y 2022 se prevé en los varones una disminución de la prevalencia de 156,93 (tasa ajustada [TA] = 128,71) a 132,99 (TA = 84,68) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año en el año 2022. La tasa de incidencia disminuiría desde 30,2 (TA = 24,93) a 24,87 (TA = 15,88) y la mortalidad de 14,96 (TA = 12,25) a 12,08 (TA = 7,67). En las mujeres, se espera un incremento de la prevalencia de 21,18 (TA = 13,23) a 35,6 (TA = 21,46) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año. La incidencia de 4,8 (TA = 2,91) en 1998 a 7,79 (TA = 4,69), la mortalidad aumentará de 2,25 (TA = 1,32) a 3,37 (TA = 1,89) entre los años 1998 y 2022. En los varones, los PAC encontrados para la prevalencia, incidencia y mortalidad han sido respectivamente 0,69 (IC 95%:−6,9/8,9); 0,69 (IC 95%:−6,9/8,95) y−4,18 (IC 95%:−11,32/3,51), no son estadísticamente significativos. En las mujeres, el PAC para la prevalencia ha sido de−4,44 (IC 95%:−13,4/5,44) de 19,24 (IC 95%: 8,93/30,52) y de−3,28 (IC 95%:−20,26/17,20) para la mortalidad. Conclusiones: Debe de monitorizarse y a la vez prevenir este cáncer en función de los factores de riesgo controlables, especialmente en las mujeres. Conclusiones: Debe de monitorizarse y a la vez prevenir este cáncer en función de los factores de riesgo controlables, especialmente en las mujeres (AU)
Introduction: One of the most frequent cancers in the world is bladder cancer that affects, according to some authors, 5.4 million persons in the most developed countries. Our study has aimed to estimate the impact projections of this disease in Spain between 2007 and 2022. Material and methods: Mortality data for bladder cancer mortality was used International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10 C67), and the population data from 1998 to 2007. The data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Relative survival was obtained form the EUROCARE study. The projections of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were estimated using the statistical program Mortality-Incidence Analysis MODel (MIAMOD) and after the joinpoint regression that calculates the Annual Percentage of Change (APC). Results: Between the years 1998 and 2022, it is foreseen that there will be a decrease in prevalence in the men, from 156.93 (adjusted rate AR=128.71) to 132.99 (AR=84.68) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year in the year 2022. The incidence rate would decrease from 30.2 (AR=24.93) to 24.87 (AR=15.88) and mortality from 14.96 (AR=12.25) to 12.08 (AR=7.67). In women, an increase is expected in prevalence from 21.18 (AR=13.23) to 35.6 (AR=21.46) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. The incidence of 4.8 (AR=2.91) in 1998 to 7.79 (AR=4.69), Mortality will increase from 2.25 (AR=1.32) to 3.37 (AR=1.89) between the years 1998 and 2022.In men, the APCs found for prevalence, incidence and mortality were, respectively, 0.69 (95%CI%:−6.9/8.9); 0.69 (95% CI:−6.9/8.95) and−4.18 (95% CI:−11.32/3.51), these not being statistically significant. In women, the APC for prevalence was−4.44 (95% CI:−13.4/5.44). from 19.24 (95% CI: 8.93/30.52).and from−3.28 (95% CI:−20.26/17.20) for mortality. Conclusions: This cancer should be monitored and in turn prevented based on the controllable risk factors, especially in women (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Risk Factors , Disease Prevention , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Electrostimulation (ES) is one of the techniques employed in conservative treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) and/or overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Nevertheless, there is controversy in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness as monotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific evidence on ES of the pelvic floor in women with UI and with/without OAB. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review of clinical trials was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Elsevier (Doyma) and EnFisPo (1980-2011). Quality of study registries was evaluated and information was obtained from those that presented the inclusion criteria established in the review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The 27 clinical trials were included in the review: 13 randomized controlled trials, 11 randomized non-controlled trials and 3 non-randomized trials. CONCLUSION: Most of the clinical trials conclude that ES is effective in the treatment of UI and OAB in women. However, better methodological quality studies are needed to obtain a higher level of scientific evidence and to know the optimal current modality, type and parameters for each type of UI and OAB.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy , Pelvic Floor Disorders/therapy , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/therapy , Urinary Incontinence/therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Electric Stimulation Therapy/adverse effects , Electric Stimulation Therapy/economics , Electric Stimulation Therapy/instrumentation , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Electrodes, Implanted , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Lumbosacral Plexus/physiopathology , Pelvic Floor Disorders/complications , Surveys and Questionnaires , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/etiology , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/physiopathology , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Urinary Incontinence/physiopathologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: One of the most frequent cancers in the world is bladder cancer that affects, according to some authors, 5.4 million persons in the most developed countries. Our study has aimed to estimate the impact projections of this disease in Spain between 2007 and 2022. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality data for bladder cancer mortality was used International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10 C67), and the population data from 1998 to 2007. The data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Relative survival was obtained form the EUROCARE study. The projections of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were estimated using the statistical program Mortality-Incidence Analysis MODel (MIAMOD) and after the joinpoint regression that calculates the Annual Percentage of Change (APC). RESULTS: Between the years 1998 and 2022, it is foreseen that there will be a decrease in prevalence in the men, from 156.93 (adjusted rate AR=128.71) to 132.99 (AR=84.68) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year in the year 2022. The incidence rate would decrease from 30.2 (AR=24.93) to 24.87 (AR=15.88) and mortality from 14.96 (AR=12.25) to 12.08 (AR=7.67). In women, an increase is expected in prevalence from 21.18 (AR=13.23) to 35.6 (AR=21.46) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. The incidence of 4.8 (AR=2.91) in 1998 to 7.79 (AR=4.69), Mortality will increase from 2.25 (AR=1.32) to 3.37 (AR=1.89) between the years 1998 and 2022. In men, the APCs found for prevalence, incidence and mortality were, respectively, 0.69 (95% CI%:-6.9/8.9); 0.69 (95% CI:-6.9/8.95) and -4.18 (95% CI:-11.32/3.51), these not being statistically significant. In women, the APC for prevalence was -4.44 (95% CI:-13.4/5.44). from 19.24 (95% CI:8.93/30.52).and from -3.28 (95% CI:-20.26/17.20) for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This cancer should be monitored and in turn prevented based on the controllable risk factors, especially in women.
Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Food Contamination , Forecasting , Humans , Incidence , International Classification of Diseases , Likelihood Functions , Male , Models, Theoretical , Morbidity/trends , Occupational Exposure , Poisson Distribution , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortalityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: estimate colorectal cancer incidence and prevalence in, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. METHODS: general and colorectal cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data was obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out through the program MIAMOD. The joinpoint program was used to quantify the annual change expected in the projections. RESULTS: in men, an increase in prevalence is expected, from 237.2 (Crude Rate - CR = 303.5) to 237.7 (CR = 412.7) per 100.000 inhabitants/year in 2022. Incidence rates would increase from 48.2 (CR = 61.6) in 2007 to 55.2 (CR = 83.1), and mortality would increase from 22.7 (CR = 29.4) to 26.0 (CR = 39.6) when comparing 2007 and women, a reduction in prevalence is expected from 181.5 (CR = 268.3) to 167.9 (CR = 286.2) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Incidence would change from 25.0 (CR = 38.0) in 2007 to 22.7 (CR = 39.2), and for mortality there is also an expected decrease, from 11.3 (CR =18.0) to 10.3 (CR = 18.5). CONCLUSION: the projections indicate that colorectal cancer in follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalencein men, in opposition to corresponding decreasing trends in women.These projections must be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Databases, Factual , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estimar la incidencia y la prevalencia del cáncer de riñón en España basándose en datos de mortalidad y supervivencia del período de 1998 a 2007 y proporcionar proyecciones de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad hasta el año 2022. Material y métodos: La mortalidad por todas las causas y por el cáncer de riñón se obtuvo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y los datos de supervivencia del estudio EUROCARE. Las estimaciones han sido realizadas utilizando el programa MIAMOD. El programa Joinpoint ha sido utilizado para cuantificar el cambio anual que se espera en las proyecciones. Resultados: En hombres se espera un aumento de la tasa de incidencia de 11,92 (tasa ajustada [TA]=8,66) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año a 15,7 (TA=9,55). La prevalencia aumentaría de 72,84 (TA=51,62) a 94,47 (TA=59,57) y la mortalidad de 5,77 (TA=7,29) a 7,29 (TA=4,56). En mujeres la tasa de incidencia cambiaría de 5,56 (TA=3,86) a 26,77 (TA=16,4). La prevalencia de un 24,6 (TA=17,28) a 133,69 (TA=81,37) y para la mortalidad el aumento esperado sería de 2,46 (TA=1,54) a 11,65 (TA=6,56) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año. Conclusiones: Las proyecciones indican que el cáncer renal en España sigue una tendencia de aumento en la incidencia, mortalidad y prevalencia, que necesitan ser consideradas para planificar medidas de prevención y tratamiento más efectivas (AU)
Objective: To estimate kidney cancer incidence and prevalence in Spain, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and to provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. Material and methods: All-cause and kidney-cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data were obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out using the MIAMOD program. The Joinpoint program was used to quantify the expected annual change in the projections. Results: An increase in the incidence rate is expected in men from, this going from 11.92 (Adjusted Rate - AR=8.66) per 100,000 inhabitants/year to 15.7 (AR=9.55). Prevalence would increase from 72.84 (AR=51.62) to 94.47 (AR=59.57), and mortality would increase from 5.77 (AR=7.29) to 7.29 (AR=4.56). The incidence rate in women would increase from 5.56 (AR=3.86) to 26.77 (AR=16.4). Prevalence would increase from 24.6 (AR=17.28) to 133.69 (81.37), and for mortality, the expected increase would be from 2.46 (AR=1.54) to 11.65 (AR=6.56) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. Conclusion: The projections indicate that kidney cancer in Spain follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalence. This needs to be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology , Mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to study larynx cancer survival from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza, Spain, for the period 1978-2002. METHODS: The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The automated calculation of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was utilised to obtain the relative survival. RESULTS: The observed survival rate was 84.6% in the first year and 60.9% in the fifth year. The one-year relative survival in both genders was 86.8% (CI 95%: 85.3-88.4) and 70.1% (CI 95%: 67.8-72.4) after five years. Glottic cancer presented a better survival rate than supraglottic and subglottic cancers, and a better survival rate was also observed in younger ages. There were no statistical differences when comparing survival rates by gender and between the periods 1978-1986, 1987-1994 and 1995-2002. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest there were no significant changes in laryngeal cancer survival in the province of Zaragoza in the period 1978-2002 and that the tumours located in the glottis presented a better prognosis (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Laryngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate kidney cancer incidence and prevalence in Spain, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and to provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All-cause and kidney-cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data were obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out using the MIAMOD program. The Joinpoint program was used to quantify the expected annual change in the projections. RESULTS: An increase in the incidence rate is expected in men from, this going from 11.92 (Adjusted Rate - AR=8.66) per 100,000 inhabitants/year to 15.7 (AR=9.55). Prevalence would increase from 72.84 (AR=51.62) to 94.47 (AR=59.57), and mortality would increase from 5.77 (AR=7.29) to 7.29 (AR=4.56). The incidence rate in women would increase from 5.56 (AR=3.86) to 26.77 (AR=16.4). Prevalence would increase from 24.6 (AR=17.28) to 133.69 (81.37), and for mortality, the expected increase would be from 2.46 (AR=1.54) to 11.65 (AR=6.56) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. CONCLUSION: The projections indicate that kidney cancer in Spain follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalence. This needs to be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures.
Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology , Aged , Europe/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Incidence , Kidney Neoplasms/mortality , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Theoretical , Morbidity/trends , Prevalence , Registries , Smoking/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es proyectar la prevalencia de cáncer de próstata, las tasas de incidencia y la mortalidad durante el periodo de 15 años desde 2008 hasta 2022 para la región de Aragón, en España. Métodos: Mediante el programa MIAMOD se estimaron las proyecciones. La mortalidad por todas las causas y para el cáncer de próstata en el periodo de referencia, de 1998 a 2007, se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Resultados: Durante el periodo 2008 a 2022 las tasas de incidencia de cáncer de próstata por cada 100.000 habitantes disminuirán de 47,57 a 26,68 por 100.000 habitantes (tasas ajustadas 24,9 a 12,93) La mortalidad se reducirá de 21,89 a 11,73 (tasas ajustadas 10,89a 5,83) y la prevalencia de 277,07 casos por 100.000 habitantes a 125,09 (tasas ajustadas 165,54 a 63,41).Conclusiones: Estas proyecciones indican que la incidencia del cáncer de próstata y la mortalidad por la enfermedad disminuirá en Aragón (España) (AU)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to project prostate cancer prevalence, incidence rates and mortality over a 15-year period going from 2008 to 2022 for the Aragon region of Spain. Methods: The projections were calculated using the MIAMOD PROGRAM. All-cause mortality due to prostate cancer for the baseline period of 1998 to 2007 was obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Results: The prostate cancer incidence rates for the period 2008 to 2022 per 100,000 persons are projected to decrease from 47.57 to 26.68/100,000 (adjusted rates 24.9 to 12.93). Mortality will decrease from 21.89 to 11.73 (adjusted rates 10.89 to 5.83) and prevalence from 277.07 cases/ 100,000 per year to 125.09 (adjusted rates 165.54 to 63.41). Conclusions: These projections indicate that the prostate cancer incidence and its mortality rate will decrease in Aragon (Spain) (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prevalence , MortalityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to project prostate cancer prevalence, incidence rates and mortality over a 15-year period going from 2008 to 2022 for the Aragon region of Spain. METHODS: The projections were calculated using the MIAMOD PROGRAM. All-cause mortality due to prostate cancer for the baseline period of 1998 to 2007 was obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. RESULTS: The prostate cancer incidence rates for the period 2008 to 2022 per 100,000 persons are projected to decrease from 47.57 to 26.68/100,000 (adjusted rates 24.9 to 12.93). Mortality will decrease from 21.89 to 11.73 (adjusted rates 10.89 to 5.83) and prevalence from 277.07 cases/ 100,000 per year to 125.09 (adjusted rates 165.54 to 63.41). CONCLUSIONS: These projections indicate that the prostate cancer incidence and its mortality rate will decrease in Aragon (Spain).
Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Forecasting , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prevalence , Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The present study aimed to demonstrate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the in vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4 isolates) Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 isolate) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a isolate) on eggs of Trichuristrichiura and infective larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus. The work was divided into two experimental tests (A and B). In tests A and B, the predatory activity of nematophagous fungi P. chlamydosporia, D. flagrans and M. thaumasium on eggs of T. trichiura and H. contortus L3 was observed. After 6h, in test A, isolates P. chlamydosporia (VC1 and VC4) had a role in destroying eggs of T.trichiura. For fungi D. flagrans and M. thaumasium the ovicidal activity on T. trichiura eggs was not observed. Test B showed that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were capable of predating H. contortus L3, but no predation by the fungus P. chlamydosporia was seen. These fungi can offer potential for the biological control of nematodes.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota/physiology , Haemonchus/microbiology , Hypocreales/physiology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Pest Control, Biological , Trichuris/microbiology , Animals , Haemonchus/ultrastructure , Host-Parasite Interactions , Larva/microbiology , Ovum/microbiology , Trichuris/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Lung cancer is not commonly known to metastasize to the perirenal space, with only five such cases previously published. We present an unusual case of perirenal lung metastases manifesting as diffuse perinephric stranding which to our knowledge has not been described before.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Lotronex (alosetron hydrochloride) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in females whose predominant bowel habit is diarrhea. Alosetron is extensively metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP 2C9 and 3A4. Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders and a potential comedication in patients with IBS. Alprazolam is extensively metabolized by CYP3A4. This clinical study was conducted to assess the potential for a metabolic drug interaction between these two CYP3A4 substrates. This was an open-label, randomized, two-period, crossover study in 12 healthy female and male volunteers to determine the effect of concomitant administration of alosetron at the recommended dose of 1 mg p.o. bid on the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam following a single oral 1 mg dose. The results showed no effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam. Mean alprazolam AUC was 210 and 202 ng.h/mL in the absence and the presence of alosetron, respectively. Therefore, alprazolam may be safely coadministered with alosetron without the need for dosage adjustment.
Subject(s)
Alprazolam/pharmacokinetics , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/metabolism , Carbolines/pharmacology , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Adult , Alprazolam/administration & dosage , Biological Availability , Carbolines/administration & dosage , Carbolines/adverse effects , Cross-Over Studies , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics , Drug Interactions , Female , Half-Life , Humans , Isoenzymes/genetics , Male , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Lotronex (alosetron hydrochloride) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in females whose predominant bowel habit is diarrhea. Alosetron is extensively metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that is administered as a racemic mixture of equipotent R- and S-enantiomers. Fluoxetine metabolism involves CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 in the formation of its major metabolite, norfluoxetine. This metabolite is also present as two enantiomers, of which only the S-enantiomer exhibits comparable antidepressant activity. This study was conducted to assess the potential for an effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine. This was an open-label, two-period, nonrandomized, crossover study in 12 healthy female and male volunteers. The pharmacokinetics for both enantiomers of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were examined following single oral doses of 20 mg fluoxetine, given alone and in combination with alosetron 1 mg twice daily for 15 days. The results showed small delays in peak concentration but no clinically significant effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of S- and R-fluoxetine or S- and R-norfluoxetine. Coadministration of alosetron and fluoxetine was well tolerated by all subjects.
