[Survival of lung cancer patients treated at a referral hospital in Zaragoza (Spain)]. / Supervivencia del cáncer de pulmón en pacientes tratados en un hospital de referencia en Zaragoza (España).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to study the survival of lung cancer patients treated at a referral hospital in Zaragoza (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Kaplan-Meier test was used to calculate observed survival. The automatic calculation of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was used to analyse relative survival. RESULTS: Mean survival time was 25.74 months. There was no difference when comparing age groups (P=.151), gender (P=.369), and histological type of tumour (P=.086). Survival by stage of the disease at diagnosis revealed statistically significant differences (P<.001). Relative survival 5 years after diagnosis for the group analysed was 14%. Survival was higher for men (15.5%), in patients under 60 (16.7%) and squamous tumours (18.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Survival by tumour stage was in line with the TNM Staging System for Lung Cancer. These results suggest that overall survival rate for lung cancer in Zaragoza remains very low in the long term, and this depends on the stage of the disease at diagnosis.

What is the future burden of HPV-related cancers in Spain?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analyze mortality trends of HPV-related cancers in Spain by gender, during the period 1996-2010, and make predictions until the year 2025. METHODS: All deaths registered as cervical cancer were registered (ICD-10 code: C53), as well as vulvar and vaginal (C51 and C52), anal (C21), penile (C60), and oropharyngeal (C02, C09, C10). Adjusted rate calculations for each year were used to study the trends through the regression program Joinpoint. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: In men, a statistically significant increase was observed in mortality by anal cancer, a reduction was observed in oropharyngeal cancer mortality and penile cancer rates were stable. In women, a statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. In the predictions, the annual change relative to risk or population changes (size and structure) revealed a reduction in death risk by oropharyngeal cancer in men, and a reduction in death risk by anal cancer in women, although stable adjusted rates were verified for anal cancer in women. CONCLUSIONS: Although an increase was identified in the number of deaths for both genders, rates indicate gender differences in the trends, with increased rates for anal cancer and reduced rates for oropharyngeal cancer in men. Women presented reduced rates for cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. For penile cancer and anal cancer in women, stable trends were verified.

Electroestimulación del suelo pélvico en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria y/o síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva: una revisión sistemática / Pelvic Floor Electrostimulation in Women With Urinary Incontinence and/or Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Contexto: La electroestimulación (EE) es una de las técnicas empleadas en el tratamiento conservador de la incontinencia urinaria (IU) y/o síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva (SVH). Sin embargo, existe controversia en la literatura científica acerca de su eficacia como monoterapia. Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia científica sobre la EE del suelo pélvico en mujeres con IU y/o SVH. Adquisición de evidencia: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Elsevier (Doyma) y EnFisPo (1980-2011). Se evaluó la calidad de los estudios y se extrajo la información de los que reunieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Síntesis de evidencia: Un total de 27 ensayos clínicos han sido incluidos en la revisión: 13 ensayos controlados aleatorizados, 11 ensayos aleatorizados no controlados y 3 ensayos no aleatorizados. Conclusión: La mayor parte de los ensayos clínicos concluyen que la EE es eficaz en el tratamiento de la IU y el SVH en mujeres. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios de buena calidad metodológica para obtener un mayor nivel de evidencia científica y conocer cuál es la modalidad, tipo y parámetros de corriente óptimas para cada tipo de IU y el SVH (AU)

Context: Electrostimulation (ES) is one of the techniques employed in conservative treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) and/or overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Nevertheless, there is controversy in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness as monotherapy. Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence on ES of the pelvic floor in women with UI and with/without OAB. Evidence acquisition: A systematic review of clinical trials was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Elsevier (Doyma) and EnFisPo (1980-2011). Quality of study registries was evaluated and information was obtained from those that presented the inclusion criteria established in the review. Evidence synthesis: The 27 clinical trials were included in the review: 13 randomized controlled trials, 11 randomized non-controlled trials and 3 non-randomized trials. Conclusion: Most of the clinical trials conclude that ES is effective in the treatment of UI and OAB in women. However, better methodological quality studies are needed to obtain a higher level of scientific evidence and to know the optimal current modality, type and parameters for each type of UI and OAB (AU)

[Lung cancer projections for Aragon (Spain)]. / Proyecciones del cáncer de pulmón en Aragón (España).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer has a high incidence in Aragon (Spain). Current measures, such as stopping smoking, may lead to a change in lung cancer trends. The objective of the study is to track the trends during the period of 15 years from 2008 to 2022. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The mortality from all causes and that specific to lung cancer in Aragon between 1998 and 2007 was analysed using the statistical program MIAMOD/PIAMOD to estimate incidence rates, prevalence, and mortality until 2022. RESULTS: Projections between 2008 and 2022 in men: adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 will decline from 64.62 to 58.49. The mortality will decline from 57.41 to 51.95, and the prevalence of 94.13 cases per 100,000 inhabitants to 88.45. In women, the adjusted incidence rate will increase from 8.3 to 10.58, with a mortality of 7.21 to 9.18 and a prevalence from 14.78 to 18.75. CONCLUSIONS: These projections indicate that lung cancer incidence and mortality will remain a serious problem in the Aragon (Spain), and that a more intense primary prevention program is needed.

Estimación de las proyecciones del cáncer de vejiga en España / Estimation of Bladder Cancer Projections in Spain

Introducción: Uno de los cánceres más frecuentes en el mundo es el de vejiga, que afecta según algunos autores a 5,4 millones de personas en los países más desarrollados. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es el de estimar las proyecciones del impacto de esta enfermedad en España, entre los años 2007 y 2022. Material y métodos: Se han utilizado los datos de mortalidad por cáncer de vejiga de la International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10 C67) y los datos de la población entre1998 a 2007. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) español. La supervivencia relativa ha sido recogida del estudio EUROCARE. Se han estimado las proyecciones de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad mediante la utilización del programa estadístico Mortality-Incidence Analysis MODel (MIAMOD), y posteriormente, la regresión joinpoint que calcula el porcentaje anual de cambio (PAC).Resultados: Entre los años 1998 y 2022 se prevé en los varones una disminución de la prevalencia de 156,93 (tasa ajustada [TA] = 128,71) a 132,99 (TA = 84,68) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año en el año 2022. La tasa de incidencia disminuiría desde 30,2 (TA = 24,93) a 24,87 (TA = 15,88) y la mortalidad de 14,96 (TA = 12,25) a 12,08 (TA = 7,67). En las mujeres, se espera un incremento de la prevalencia de 21,18 (TA = 13,23) a 35,6 (TA = 21,46) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año. La incidencia de 4,8 (TA = 2,91) en 1998 a 7,79 (TA = 4,69), la mortalidad aumentará de 2,25 (TA = 1,32) a 3,37 (TA = 1,89) entre los años 1998 y 2022. En los varones, los PAC encontrados para la prevalencia, incidencia y mortalidad han sido respectivamente 0,69 (IC 95%:−6,9/8,9); 0,69 (IC 95%:−6,9/8,95) y−4,18 (IC 95%:−11,32/3,51), no son estadísticamente significativos. En las mujeres, el PAC para la prevalencia ha sido de−4,44 (IC 95%:−13,4/5,44) de 19,24 (IC 95%: 8,93/30,52) y de−3,28 (IC 95%:−20,26/17,20) para la mortalidad. Conclusiones: Debe de monitorizarse y a la vez prevenir este cáncer en función de los factores de riesgo controlables, especialmente en las mujeres. Conclusiones: Debe de monitorizarse y a la vez prevenir este cáncer en función de los factores de riesgo controlables, especialmente en las mujeres (AU)

Introduction: One of the most frequent cancers in the world is bladder cancer that affects, according to some authors, 5.4 million persons in the most developed countries. Our study has aimed to estimate the impact projections of this disease in Spain between 2007 and 2022. Material and methods: Mortality data for bladder cancer mortality was used International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10 C67), and the population data from 1998 to 2007. The data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Relative survival was obtained form the EUROCARE study. The projections of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were estimated using the statistical program Mortality-Incidence Analysis MODel (MIAMOD) and after the joinpoint regression that calculates the Annual Percentage of Change (APC). Results: Between the years 1998 and 2022, it is foreseen that there will be a decrease in prevalence in the men, from 156.93 (adjusted rate AR=128.71) to 132.99 (AR=84.68) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year in the year 2022. The incidence rate would decrease from 30.2 (AR=24.93) to 24.87 (AR=15.88) and mortality from 14.96 (AR=12.25) to 12.08 (AR=7.67). In women, an increase is expected in prevalence from 21.18 (AR=13.23) to 35.6 (AR=21.46) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. The incidence of 4.8 (AR=2.91) in 1998 to 7.79 (AR=4.69), Mortality will increase from 2.25 (AR=1.32) to 3.37 (AR=1.89) between the years 1998 and 2022.In men, the APCs found for prevalence, incidence and mortality were, respectively, 0.69 (95%CI%:−6.9/8.9); 0.69 (95% CI:−6.9/8.95) and−4.18 (95% CI:−11.32/3.51), these not being statistically significant. In women, the APC for prevalence was−4.44 (95% CI:−13.4/5.44). from 19.24 (95% CI: 8.93/30.52).and from−3.28 (95% CI:−20.26/17.20) for mortality. Conclusions: This cancer should be monitored and in turn prevented based on the controllable risk factors, especially in women (AU)

Pelvic floor electrostimulation in women with urinary incontinence and/or overactive bladder syndrome: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: Electrostimulation (ES) is one of the techniques employed in conservative treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) and/or overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Nevertheless, there is controversy in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness as monotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific evidence on ES of the pelvic floor in women with UI and with/without OAB. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review of clinical trials was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Elsevier (Doyma) and EnFisPo (1980-2011). Quality of study registries was evaluated and information was obtained from those that presented the inclusion criteria established in the review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The 27 clinical trials were included in the review: 13 randomized controlled trials, 11 randomized non-controlled trials and 3 non-randomized trials. CONCLUSION: Most of the clinical trials conclude that ES is effective in the treatment of UI and OAB in women. However, better methodological quality studies are needed to obtain a higher level of scientific evidence and to know the optimal current modality, type and parameters for each type of UI and OAB.

Estimation of bladder cancer projections in Spain.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most frequent cancers in the world is bladder cancer that affects, according to some authors, 5.4 million persons in the most developed countries. Our study has aimed to estimate the impact projections of this disease in Spain between 2007 and 2022. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality data for bladder cancer mortality was used International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10 C67), and the population data from 1998 to 2007. The data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (INE). Relative survival was obtained form the EUROCARE study. The projections of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were estimated using the statistical program Mortality-Incidence Analysis MODel (MIAMOD) and after the joinpoint regression that calculates the Annual Percentage of Change (APC). RESULTS: Between the years 1998 and 2022, it is foreseen that there will be a decrease in prevalence in the men, from 156.93 (adjusted rate AR=128.71) to 132.99 (AR=84.68) cases per 100,000 inhabitants/year in the year 2022. The incidence rate would decrease from 30.2 (AR=24.93) to 24.87 (AR=15.88) and mortality from 14.96 (AR=12.25) to 12.08 (AR=7.67). In women, an increase is expected in prevalence from 21.18 (AR=13.23) to 35.6 (AR=21.46) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. The incidence of 4.8 (AR=2.91) in 1998 to 7.79 (AR=4.69), Mortality will increase from 2.25 (AR=1.32) to 3.37 (AR=1.89) between the years 1998 and 2022. In men, the APCs found for prevalence, incidence and mortality were, respectively, 0.69 (95% CI%:-6.9/8.9); 0.69 (95% CI:-6.9/8.95) and -4.18 (95% CI:-11.32/3.51), these not being statistically significant. In women, the APC for prevalence was -4.44 (95% CI:-13.4/5.44). from 19.24 (95% CI:8.93/30.52).and from -3.28 (95% CI:-20.26/17.20) for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This cancer should be monitored and in turn prevented based on the controllable risk factors, especially in women.

Incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad del cáncer renal en España: estimaciones y proyecciones para el período 1998-2022 / Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality of Kidney Cancer in Spain: Estimates and Projections for the 1998-2022 Period

Objetivos: Estimar la incidencia y la prevalencia del cáncer de riñón en España basándose en datos de mortalidad y supervivencia del período de 1998 a 2007 y proporcionar proyecciones de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad hasta el año 2022. Material y métodos: La mortalidad por todas las causas y por el cáncer de riñón se obtuvo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y los datos de supervivencia del estudio EUROCARE. Las estimaciones han sido realizadas utilizando el programa MIAMOD. El programa Joinpoint ha sido utilizado para cuantificar el cambio anual que se espera en las proyecciones. Resultados: En hombres se espera un aumento de la tasa de incidencia de 11,92 (tasa ajustada [TA]=8,66) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año a 15,7 (TA=9,55). La prevalencia aumentaría de 72,84 (TA=51,62) a 94,47 (TA=59,57) y la mortalidad de 5,77 (TA=7,29) a 7,29 (TA=4,56). En mujeres la tasa de incidencia cambiaría de 5,56 (TA=3,86) a 26,77 (TA=16,4). La prevalencia de un 24,6 (TA=17,28) a 133,69 (TA=81,37) y para la mortalidad el aumento esperado sería de 2,46 (TA=1,54) a 11,65 (TA=6,56) casos por 100.000 habitantes/año. Conclusiones: Las proyecciones indican que el cáncer renal en España sigue una tendencia de aumento en la incidencia, mortalidad y prevalencia, que necesitan ser consideradas para planificar medidas de prevención y tratamiento más efectivas (AU)

Objective: To estimate kidney cancer incidence and prevalence in Spain, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and to provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. Material and methods: All-cause and kidney-cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data were obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out using the MIAMOD program. The Joinpoint program was used to quantify the expected annual change in the projections. Results: An increase in the incidence rate is expected in men from, this going from 11.92 (Adjusted Rate - AR=8.66) per 100,000 inhabitants/year to 15.7 (AR=9.55). Prevalence would increase from 72.84 (AR=51.62) to 94.47 (AR=59.57), and mortality would increase from 5.77 (AR=7.29) to 7.29 (AR=4.56). The incidence rate in women would increase from 5.56 (AR=3.86) to 26.77 (AR=16.4). Prevalence would increase from 24.6 (AR=17.28) to 133.69 (81.37), and for mortality, the expected increase would be from 2.46 (AR=1.54) to 11.65 (AR=6.56) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. Conclusion: The projections indicate that kidney cancer in Spain follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalence. This needs to be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures (AU)

[Incidence, prevalence and mortality of kidney cancer in Spain: estimates and projections for the 1998-2022 period]. / Incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad del cáncer renal en España: estimaciones y proyecciones para el período 1998-2022.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate kidney cancer incidence and prevalence in Spain, based on mortality and survival data from the period 1998-2007, and to provide projections of incidence, prevalence and mortality until the year 2022. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All-cause and kidney-cancer mortality rates were obtained from the National Statistics Institute and survival data were obtained from the EUROCARE study. Estimations were carried out using the MIAMOD program. The Joinpoint program was used to quantify the expected annual change in the projections. RESULTS: An increase in the incidence rate is expected in men from, this going from 11.92 (Adjusted Rate - AR=8.66) per 100,000 inhabitants/year to 15.7 (AR=9.55). Prevalence would increase from 72.84 (AR=51.62) to 94.47 (AR=59.57), and mortality would increase from 5.77 (AR=7.29) to 7.29 (AR=4.56). The incidence rate in women would increase from 5.56 (AR=3.86) to 26.77 (AR=16.4). Prevalence would increase from 24.6 (AR=17.28) to 133.69 (81.37), and for mortality, the expected increase would be from 2.46 (AR=1.54) to 11.65 (AR=6.56) cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year. CONCLUSION: The projections indicate that kidney cancer in Spain follows an increasing trend in incidence, mortality and prevalence. This needs to be considered in order to plan more effective prevention and treatment measures.

Estimación de las proyecciones de las tasas de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad por cáncer de próstata en Aragón (España) / Estimation of the Projections of Incidence Rates, Prevalence and Mortality Due to Prostate Cancer in Aragon (Spain)

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es proyectar la prevalencia de cáncer de próstata, las tasas de incidencia y la mortalidad durante el periodo de 15 años desde 2008 hasta 2022 para la región de Aragón, en España. Métodos: Mediante el programa MIAMOD se estimaron las proyecciones. La mortalidad por todas las causas y para el cáncer de próstata en el periodo de referencia, de 1998 a 2007, se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Resultados: Durante el periodo 2008 a 2022 las tasas de incidencia de cáncer de próstata por cada 100.000 habitantes disminuirán de 47,57 a 26,68 por 100.000 habitantes (tasas ajustadas 24,9 a 12,93) La mortalidad se reducirá de 21,89 a 11,73 (tasas ajustadas 10,89a 5,83) y la prevalencia de 277,07 casos por 100.000 habitantes a 125,09 (tasas ajustadas 165,54 a 63,41).Conclusiones: Estas proyecciones indican que la incidencia del cáncer de próstata y la mortalidad por la enfermedad disminuirá en Aragón (España) (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to project prostate cancer prevalence, incidence rates and mortality over a 15-year period going from 2008 to 2022 for the Aragon region of Spain. Methods: The projections were calculated using the MIAMOD PROGRAM. All-cause mortality due to prostate cancer for the baseline period of 1998 to 2007 was obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Results: The prostate cancer incidence rates for the period 2008 to 2022 per 100,000 persons are projected to decrease from 47.57 to 26.68/100,000 (adjusted rates 24.9 to 12.93). Mortality will decrease from 21.89 to 11.73 (adjusted rates 10.89 to 5.83) and prevalence from 277.07 cases/ 100,000 per year to 125.09 (adjusted rates 165.54 to 63.41). Conclusions: These projections indicate that the prostate cancer incidence and its mortality rate will decrease in Aragon (Spain) (AU)

[Estimation of the projections of incidence rates, prevalence and mortality due to prostate cancer in Aragon (Spain)]. / Estimación de las proyecciones de las tasas de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad por cáncer de próstata en Aragón (España).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to project prostate cancer prevalence, incidence rates and mortality over a 15-year period going from 2008 to 2022 for the Aragon region of Spain. METHODS: The projections were calculated using the MIAMOD PROGRAM. All-cause mortality due to prostate cancer for the baseline period of 1998 to 2007 was obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. RESULTS: The prostate cancer incidence rates for the period 2008 to 2022 per 100,000 persons are projected to decrease from 47.57 to 26.68/100,000 (adjusted rates 24.9 to 12.93). Mortality will decrease from 21.89 to 11.73 (adjusted rates 10.89 to 5.83) and prevalence from 277.07 cases/ 100,000 per year to 125.09 (adjusted rates 165.54 to 63.41). CONCLUSIONS: These projections indicate that the prostate cancer incidence and its mortality rate will decrease in Aragon (Spain).