ABSTRACT
This systematic review examined the literature for evidence of dental root damage after contact with intermaxillary screws (IMS). Electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scirus, Scopus and Virtual Health Library, were used to search for original articles from 1980 to January 2011. Prospective and retrospective studies that assessed the association of root damage and contact with IMS were selected. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted the data from the included studies. A methodological quality scoring process was used to classify whether the articles presented low, moderate or high evidence. The search retrieved 795 citations. Nine studies fulfilled the initial selection criteria. Of these studies, 3 were excluded. Two studies did not note any iatrogenic injuries of the dental roots; the other study was a case report. Of the 6 included articles, 2 were ranked as having low and four as having moderate evidence. The moderate evidence found suggested that the roots did not exhibit clinical changes after coming into contact with the IMS, but this situation depends on the root damage level. To obtain reliable scientific evidence, studies with an adequate sample size and diagnostic methods are required to confirm the effects of IMS on the dental root.
Subject(s)
Bone Screws/adverse effects , Tooth Root/injuries , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that immunosuppressant tacrolimus treatment can interfere with bone turnover and rate of tooth movement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One-hundred twenty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (rats subjected to orthodontic movement plus treatment with saline solution vehicle), Group 2 (rats subjected to orthodontic movement plus treatment with FK506), Group 3 (rats treated with FK506 only), and Group 4 (rats treated with saline solution vehicle). The maxillary incisors were laterally moved with a reciprocal load of 35 cN. The dosage of FK506 was 2 mg/kg/day. Howship's lacunae, osteoclasts, and macrophages were counted. RESULTS: Tooth movement was found to be greater in Group 1 than in Group 2 for all time periods (on days 3, 7, and 14), although a significant difference was observed only on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). The number of osteoclasts was smaller in Group 1 than in Group 2, whereas the number of Howship's lacunae was greater. CONCLUSION: FK506 has the capacity of promoting osteoclasts inhibition with probable osteoclastic apoptosis of alveolar bone following tooth movement.
Subject(s)
Bone Remodeling/drug effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Tacrolimus/pharmacology , Tooth Movement Techniques , Alveolar Process/cytology , Animals , Apoptosis , Bone Density/drug effects , Bone Resorption , Dental Stress Analysis , Leukocyte Count , Male , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
We have previously demonstrated that a linalool-rich essential oil from Croton cajucara Benth presents leishmanicidal activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that this essential oil inhibits the growth of reference samples of Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans cell suspensions, all of them associated with oral cavity disease. The purified linalool fraction was only inhibitory for C. albicans. Microbes of saliva specimens from human individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances, as well as the reference strains, were used to construct an artificial biofilm which was exposed to linalool or to the essential oil. As in microbial suspensions, the essential oil was toxic for all the microorganisms, while the purified linalool fraction mainly inhibited the growth of C. albicans. The compounds of the essential oil were separated by thin layer chromatography and exposed to the above-cited microorganisms. In this analysis, the proliferation of the bacterial cells was inhibited by still uncharacterized molecules, and linalool was confirmed as the antifungal component of the essential oil. The effects of linalool on the cell biology of C. albicans were evaluated by electron microscopy, which showed that linalool induced a reduction in cell size and abnormal germination. Neither the crude essential oil nor the purified linalool fraction is toxic to mammalian cells, which suggests that the essential oil or its purified components may be useful to control the microbial population in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
